Suchergebnisse

The singularity of the Vietnamese revolution cannot be explained entirely by factors such as a racially discriminating colonialism or oppressive landlordism. These factors are to be found in many Asian and African countries which did not produce a Ho Chi Minh or a Vo Nguyen Giap. Vietnam's Confucian past is critically important. It was distinguished by (1) an incompletely centralized monarchy which generated both political and moral expectations that it could never satisfy; (2) a peculiarly bipolar political system in which the monarchy had to share power with a provincial intelligentsia which lived close to the peasantry; and (3) a transcendental neoConfucian philosophy, diffused through civil service examinations, which stressed the writings of the idealist philosopher Mencius. Large peasant rebellions, often advised by Confucian scholars, and bent on punishing rulers who did not exemplify the proper cosmic principles through "benevolent government," recurred in Vietnam before French colonialism. Ho Chi Minh and many of his associates were descendants of the provincial scholar class who might be so involved.

What causes revolution? What brought about the end of the last major monarchies of the modern period? Were Louis XVI, Nicholas II, and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi the unwitting victims of historical circumstance, or did their own actions help to bring about the revolutions that overthrew them? This powerful and original book is the first comparative study of the revolutions in Bourbon France, Romanov Russia and Pahlavi Iran. Zhand Shakibi analyses fully the timing and causes of these three revolutions and reveals the important similarities between them. "Revolutions and the Collapse of Monarchy

A revolution is a discontinuity: one political order replaces another, typically through whatever violent means are available. Modern theories of revolutions tend neatly to bracket the French Revolution of 1789 with the fall of the Soviet Union two hundred years later, but contemporary global uprisings--with their truly multivalent causes and consequences--can overwhelm our ability to make sense of them. In this authoritative new book, Saïd Amir Arjomand reaches back to antiquity to propose a unified theory of revolution. Revolution illuminates the stories of premodern rebellions from the ancient world, as well as medieval European revolts and more recent events, up to the Arab Spring of 2011. Arjomand categorizes revolutions in two groups: ones that expand the existing body politic and power structure, and ones that aim to erode--but paradoxically augment--their authority. The revolutions of the past, he tells us, can shed light on the causes of those of the present and future: as long as centralized states remain powerful, there will be room for greater, and perhaps forceful, integration of the politically disenfranchised

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: A CENTURY OF PROGRESS -- First Hundred Years of Industrialization -- Chapter 2: THE REVOLUTION BEGINS -- The Industrial Revolution Began in Europe -- Industrialization of the Textile Industry -- The Steam Engine Is Invented -- The Change in People's Lives -- Chapter 3: INDUSTRY IN AMERICA -- The Government Encourages Industry -- Patent Laws Encourage Invention -- Eli Whitney's Contributions -- Chapter 4: THE FACTORY SYSTEM -- Textile Factories in Lowell, Massachusetts -- A Changing Workforce -- Factory Conditions -- City Life -- Chapter 5: ROADS, BOATS, AND RAILROADS -- Overland Roads -- Steamboats -- Canals Connect the Nation's Rivers -- MAP - Canals - Mid-1800s -- Railroads -- Chapter 6: NEW WAYS TO COMMUNICATE -- Samuel Morse and the Telegraph -- Alexander Graham Bell and the Telephone -- Thomas Edison's Inventions -- The Many Uses of Electricity -- Chapter 7: THE AGE OF BIG BUSINESS -- Combinations and Mergers -- Andrew Carnegie and the Steel Industry -- John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil -- The Antitrust Movement -- Theodore Roosevelt Fights Monopolies -- Chapter 8: LIFE IN THE LATE 1800S -- Overcrowded Tenement Houses -- The Brighter Side of City Life -- Women in the Industrial Revolution -- Street Peddlers -- Children and Public Education -- Looking Toward the Future -- Chapter 9: INTO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY -- The Middle Class -- Women, Minorities, and Children -- The Age of the Automobile -- Motor Vehicle Registration and Sales, 1900-1930 -- The Second Industrial Revolution -- World War I Speeds Industrialization -- Life Between the Wars -- The New Deal -- America Enters World War II -- Opportunities for Women and Minorities -- Chapter 10: THE INDUSTRIAL LEGACY -- TIMELINE -- CHAPTER NOTES -- FURTHER READING -- INDEX -- Back Cover