Suchergebnisse

Ausführliche, fundierte und allgemein verständliche Darstellung der politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Entwicklung des nach Ende des 1. Weltkrieges von den Briten ohne Rücksicht auf ethnische und religiöse Gegebenheiten gegründeten Staates

Introduction. The aim of this paper is to outline the history of sport in Volyn (the area of the Volhynian province in the period of the Second Polish Republic) in the years 1921–1939. The Volhynian province was established on 19 February 1921. As of April 1, 1939 its area covered 35,754 km2 and had a population of 2,085,600 people (as of 9 December 1931). The population of Polish nationality was 16,6 %, of Ukrainian nationality – 68,4 % , of Jewish nationality – 9,9 %, of German nationality – 2,3 %, of Czech nationality – 1,5 %, of Russian nationality – 1,1 %, the remaining nationalities – 0,2%. Townspeople of the province represented only 13,3 % of the population. The province consisted of the following counties: Dubno, Horochów, Kostopil, Kovel, Kremenets, Liuboml, Lutsk, Rivne, Sarny, Volodymyr and Zdolbuniv. The county of Sarny (formerly included in Polesia province) became a part of the Volhynian province in December 1930. Methods and Research Problems. As part of preparation of this study the following research methods have been used: analysis of historical sources, the method of synthesis and comparison. The following research areas have been put forward: What did the development of sport in Volyn in the years 1921–1939 look like? What conditions influenced the development of sport in the Volhynian province in the years 1921–1939? What clubs and associations were engaged in sports activity in Volyn in the years 1921–1939? As far as the research is concerned preliminary research into archive sources was conducted. The literature used has been the one taking into account the issues of contributions to the history of physical education and sport in Volhynian province in the years 1921–1939. Findings and Conclusions. The years 1921–1939 saw the development of sport in Volyn. The development of sports infrastructure as well as trainings of personnel for the purpose of physical education and sport could be observed. The sports structures established in Volyn – in the form of district sports associations and the operation of Provincial, County and Municipal Committees of Physical Education and Military Training (after 1927) were conducive to the development of this field of sports activity. A significant role in sports activity was played by sports, youth and social clubs and associations. Sport was practised by all nationality groups residing in the Volhynian province.

The article is devoted to the research of the role and place of the Lviv garrison in the educational life of the city during the interwar period. High level of illiteracy among recruited soldiers, which in the early 1920s in places reached 70-80% prompted to the implementation of educational activities in the units of the Lviv garrison. Educational activities in the units were carried out in the form of primary soldiers' schools mainly. The program of such schools is analyzed in the article, the first class of a secondary school was tilled and it was called upon to teach a serviceman read, write in Polish and count. In addition, the article reveals problems of upbringing work in soldier's schools, which was assigned much of the time. Questions of officers' upbringing influence to recruits which was conducted by lectures and discussions and considerably contributed to polonization and assimilation citizens of national minority has been disclosed. In addition to the base knowledge in units recruits were trained to further social life, getting important social and professional skills. The garrison held a variety of both humanitarian and practical courses, which were designed to improve the professional level of servicemen, to give them a certain civilian specialty.Particular attention is paid to the network of military libraries in Lviv, which contributed to the development of education in the city. It included district and and assistant "educational" libraries for sergeants and privates.Conducted research proves high influence of educational process in garrison to general education population and a significant role of military libraries in supporting this process. ; В статье анализируется вопрос места и роли Львовского гарнизона в образовательной жизни города. Проведенное исследование определяет проблемы формирования и обеспечения функционирования начальных школ, в которых учились неграмотные и полуграмотные военнослужащие львовских войсковых частей. Проанализирована программа обучения этих школ, при этом особое внимание уделяется воспитательному аспекту. В статье охарактеризована система военных библиотек межвоенного Львова и ее значение в образовательной деятельности подразделений гарнизона. ; У статті аналізується питання місця й ролі Львівського гарнізону в освітньому житті міста. Проведене дослідження окреслює проблеми формування та забезпечення функціонування початкових шкіл, у яких навчалися неписьменні та напівписьменні військовослужбовці львівських військових частин. Проаналізовано програму навчання цих шкіл, при цьому особлива увага приділяється виховному аспекту. У статті охарактеризовано систему військових бібліотек міжвоєнного Львова та її значення в освітній діяльності підрозділів гарнізону.