Suchergebnisse

В статье приводятся результаты анализа частотной для текстов законов лексики, передающей семантику действия: существительных, глаголов, причастий, деепричастий. (Концепция частей речи рассматривается автором с опорой на взгляды профессора В.М.Бельдияна.) При рассмотрении существительного затронуты вопросы терминирования, продуктивности / непродуктивности словообразовательных моделей, субстантивации и омонимии. Уделено внимание наименованиям субъектов юридического дискурса, содержащим семантику действия. Глаголы рассматриваются в аспекте форм реализации права (исполнение, использование, соблюдение), политемпоральности. Отмечается, что с помощью глагольных форм нормы закона формулируются безотносительно временных рамок и действие закона, главным образом, направлено на возможное будущее, последующие события. В некоторых случаях семантика действия распространяется на прошедшее время (когда прошлому времени приписывается признак реальности). Приводятся схемы и примеры вербальных комплексов, маркированных по степени необходимости совершения действия с помощью слов: «вправе» – «может» – «должен» – «обязан». Особый акцент сделан на частицах (бы, ли, не), дифференцирующих и усиливающих модальность предложения. Приводятся примеры речевых формул, используемых для передачи семантики волеизъявления. Уделяется внимание номинализации – замене глагольных форм сочетаниями глаголов и отглагольными существительными. Причастие и деепричастие рассматриваются в качестве полупредикативных частей речи. Частотность причастий рассматривается с точки зрения формальных признаков, по типу суффикса. Деепричастия рассматриваются в аспекте типов текстов, множественности дополнительных действий, которые выражаются деепричастными оборотами. Обращается внимание на то, что в предложении с деепричастными оборотами основное и дополнительные действия могут быть даны безотносительно к субъекту волеизъявления. Особое внимание уделяется конкретизации семантики действия с помощью наречий. Теоретические обобщения иллюстрируются примерами из Конституции России, федеральных и региональных кодексов и законов. ; The article presents the results of the analysis of the texts of laws in regards to the frequency vocabulary, which conveys the semantics of action: nouns, verbs, participles, and gerunds. (The parts of speech are understood by the author basing on the views of Professor V. Beldiyan.) The noun is explored in terms of naming, productive / non-productive word-building, substantivization and homonymy. Attention is given to the names of subjects of legal discourse that convey the semantics of action. Verbs are considered in the aspect of the forms of exercising law (execution, use, observance), polytemporality. With the help of verbal forms, the norms of the law are formulated regardless of time frames. The law is mainly aimed to be in effect in possible future, and for subsequent events. In some cases, the semantics of the action extends to the past (when the past is viewed as real). There are given schemes and examples of word combinations marked according to the degree of necessity to perform an action expressed by the words given. Particular emphasis is placed on particles that differentiate and enhance the modality of the sentence. There are also given examples of set phrases used to convey the semantics of «will expression». Attention is given to nominalization. The participle and the gerund are considered as semi-predictive parts of speech. The frequency of participle usage is considered from the point of view of formal characteristics, manifested by the type of suffix. The gerunds are considered through the types of texts, and the multiplicity of additional actions, which can be expressed by the participial constructions. Attention is drawn to the fact that in a sentence with an adverbial participial phrase the main and additional actions can be expressed irrespective of the subject of volition. Particular attention is paid to specifying the semantics of action with the help of adverbs. The theoretical statements are illustrated by examples from the Russian Constitution, federal and regional codes and laws.

This thesis studies the discourse of the European Union about the European Judicial Network between 1996 and 1999. Using discourse analysis and lexicometrics within the theoretical framework of argumentative semantics, it explores the meaning of words associated with the expression of « area of freedom, security and justice ». The research mainly aims at understanding how the discourse reappropriate universal values in order to construct, through argumentative processes, a European identity that embodies the European Judicial Network. After presenting the political context and the linguistic theories used in the analysis methods, the thesis examines the conditions of discourse production and its semantic particularities. It argues that the discourse constructs an identity based on the values (liberty, security and justice) conveyed by the three pillars of the European Judicial Network : institutions, organised crime and citizens. The thesis then puts forward the idea of a "discursive normalisation" that helps, through its linguistic forms, to legitimate the identity construction and its political issues. It also defines a process of "argumentative manipulation" resulting from this "discursive normalisation" implementing a very distinctive linguistic frame. According to those results, the research concludes that normalisation and manipulation generate circularity of the discourse, which is based on the conflict between two discursive orientations, on the one hand security and on the other hand democracy and the Rule of law. ; La recherche menée dans cette thèse traite du discours de l'Union européenne sur l'espace judiciaire européen entre 1996 et 1999. En convoquant l'analyse du discours et la lexicométrie dans un cadre théorique de la sémantique argumentative, elle analyse le sens des mots autour de l'expression « espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice ». L'objectif est de définir comment s'élabore la réappropriation de valeurs universelles au profit du discours et de l'identité européenne véhiculée par ...

The article deals with the persuasiveness of political discourse from a cognitive perspec-tive. The research object is text units with the semantics of purpose functioning in the contexts of persuasive speech in natural dialogues of the reciprocal-response type. These units were obtained for the study from transcripts of political interviews with representatives of the Russian political elite using the unselected sam-plingmethod. The paper aims to describe cognitive models (frames, situational models) of natural language interaction (and persuasion) in discourse of the argumentative type and to identify cognitive mechanisms. The key concept used is persuasiveness, which, as applied to contexts with the semantics of purpose and viewed from a cognitive perspective, is understood in the paper as a change in the initial knowledge of the addressee or (in the absence of such knowledge) as its formation at the time of communication in the course of interaction, and which is presented as a unidirectional strategic action (as opposed to communicative). Using the methods of discourse analysis and elements of conversational analysis, basing on the principles of frame semantics and sociolinguistics, the author describes the cognitive mechanisms of 6 cognitive models of the persuasive argumentative discourse, including causative and circular, built on the principle of circularcomposition. Each model was studied through selection and detailed consideration of priority cognitive tools. The paper identifies groups of cognitive mechanisms in terms of their functionality, describes options for their inclusionboth in a dialogically directed discourse (within the framework of speech interaction) and in the process of speech as a strategic action performed solely for the purpose of persuasion.

In the article, verbs are considered not just as a designation of an action or state of an object, but as the main means of verbalization and objectification of the conceptual content and categorical structure of events that exist in the minds of native speakers. By means of a systemic analysis of the lexico-semantic group of verbs, the peculiarities of conceptualization and categorization of the event 'damage' in the lexical system of the Russian language are identified. Through the classification of semantic components of verbs of damage, the frame structure of the linguistic representation of the event 'damage' is revealed. It has been established that the key components in the conceptual frame of the category of the event 'damage' are the slots 'object of damage', 'method of damage', and 'result of damage'. Different subcategories of the event 'damage' are identified within the frame slots. In the slot 'object of damage', it is possible to distinguish damage to objects of the material world, represented in the primary meanings of verbs, and damage to objects of the ideal world, expressed through metaphorical derivation of verbal semantics. Depending on the method of damage, various types of damage are identified, including damage caused by sharp objects or weapons, body parts of living beings, high or low temperature, strong pressure or impact, as well as prolonged use. According to the result of damage, there are identified subcategories such as 'the formation of holes, openings, and cracks', 'the appearance of grooves on the surface of an object or shallow wounds on the body in the form of narrow stripes', 'the formation of calluses', 'the separation of the object from its base', 'changes in the cleanliness of the object', and 'the infliction of damage in multiple places'.

In recent years, research in cognitive linguistics has expanded its interests to cover a variety of texts – spoken, written, or multimodal. Analytical tools such as conceptual metaphor, frame semantics, mental spaces and grammatical constructions have been productively applied in various discourse contexts. In this volume, originally published as a special issue of English Text Construction 3:2 (2010), the contributors, a mix of established and emerging authors in the field, analyse broadcast and print journalism, argumentative scientific discourse, radio lectures on music, and the main literary genres (the poetry of Szymborska and bpNichol, the drama of Shakespeare, the modernist prose of Virginia Woolf and recent fiction by John Banville). Collectively the findings suggest a need to broaden and refine the cognitive linguistic repertoire, while also uncovering new ways to interpret textual data. The book will appeal to researchers and graduate students with interests in cognitive poetics and linguistics, stylistics, pragmatics and construction grammar.

This book builds on existing work in genre analysis and move analysis in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and applies this new framework to academic philosophical discourse, offering new insights into how ESP traditions can elucidate shifts in language conventions across disciplinary contexts. The volume begins by surveying the state of the art in English for Specific Purposes and genre theory, as well as other genre theory paradigms before turning the focus on move analysis. Lucas and Lucas seek to maximize the potential of move analysis to precisely operationalize functional units of discourse by implementing a cognitive theory of genre grounded in frame semantics. Using the case of academic research articles in philosophy, the authors demonstrate how this framework can reveal distinctive dimensions unique to philosophical discourse and, in turn, how such an approach might be applied more broadly to examine nuances in language across disciplines and inform ESP research in the future. This book will appeal to students and researchers in English for Specific Purposes, discourse analysis, academic writing, applied linguistics, and rhetoric and composition.

Europe is the name for a scintillating variety of historically emerged concepts, constantly developed and discussed over time. Its complexity and fuzziness is reflected in a multitude of myths, topoi, symbols and boundaries, which all constitute shared knowledge of the concept of EUROPE and which continue to influence attempts to (de- and re-)construct European identity. The case studies collected in this volume investigate the competing concepts of Europe in political and public discourses from a wide range of perspectives (e.g. frame semantics, discourse linguistics, multimodal analysis), focusing on the following aspects: How is EUROPE conceptualised, (re-)negotiated and legitimised by different political actors, political bodies and institutions? How does "the European idea" change throughout history and how is the re-emerging idea of nationality evaluated? The Editors Sabine Heinemann is full professor of Romance Linguistics at Karl Franzens University in Graz, Austria. Her research interests focus on language change, (historical) dialectology and minority languages (especially Friulian), cognitive semantics and, recently, the language of advertising and political discourse. Uta Helfrich is full professor of Romance Linguistics at Göttingen University, Germany. Her major research interests include language variation and change, the semantics, syntax and pragmatics of discourse in general, and political and media discourse linguistics in particular. Judith Visser is full professor of Romance Philology (linguistics, didactics and methodology of language teaching) at Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany. Her main research areas are sociolinguistics, folk linguistics, metaphors and political discourse.

This study integrates corpus-assisted text analysis with frame semantics to study a social problem. Taking a cognitive-linguistic approach to critical discourse studies (CDS), in this article I examine the linguistic construction of minors (i.e. people aged 13–18) in a corpus of 489 articles from the Uruguayan newspaper El País in the context of the so-called 'Criminal Imputability Referendum'. Throughout, I focus on the construal operation of framing and identify a host of discursive patterns via which minors and adolescents are recurrently placed within the semantic frame CRIME, and within this, they profile the frame elements (as per the mappings in the database FrameNet) of perpetrators of violent crimes rather than victims (e.g. of abuse and domestic violence). I argue that, in the context of the referendum, these discursive strategies run the risk of facilitating the consolidation of a strong conceptual link whereby youth become readily associated with criminality (ignoring other aspects of children's situation in Uruguay, such as their waning access to education, child poverty, child protection laws and health issues), and are subservient to the political views of groups supporting a lower cut-off age for criminal responsibility and more stringent punishments. The observations arrived at in this instance set the foundations for a future experimental study testing whether the discursive patterns unearthed here have an effect on how readers conceptualize minors outside the texts.

The linguistic aspect of strategic framing in modern political campaignsThe following article describes the role of semantics in political marketing, emphasizing the mechanism of framing and perspectivising in discourse. The complexity of the framing process is discussed in the introduction, then the linguistic aspect of political framing is debated and the technique of wording formulation in political discourse analyzed. Finally, implications and conclusions for further research are presented. Examples of political framing provided within the paper are based on the analysis of contemporary public discourses.

Intro -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction -- Cognitive Sociolinguistics in the 21st Century -- Part II: Lexicology and Lexical Semantics -- Lexical Variation in Chinese Climbing Verb -- Elicitation of Basic PUT& -- amp -- TAKE Verbs - An Experimental Approach -- De Nagel or de Spijker op de Kop? -- Keywords and Onomasiology -- Digital Games as a Source of English Vocabulary for Finnish Writers -- Frame Semantics Variation -- Part III: Figurative Language -- Framing in American and British Governmental Discourse about Covid-19 -- The Importance of Context in CMT -- Variation and Socio-cultural Embodiment in Metaphors for Social Change -- Variational Patterns of LOVE in Hungarian -- Part IV: Lectometry -- Profiles Visiting Procrustes -- Exploring the Use of Levenshtein Distances to Calculate the Intelligibility of Foreignaccented Speech -- Regional Variation in the Polish Discourses of Collective Memory -- Language Variation in Dialect-standard Contact Situations -- Scoring with Token-based Models -- Part V: Diachronic and Historical Research -- The Sociolinguistics of the Neo-Latin Word dialectus -- A Corpus-Based Approach to Conceptual History of Ancient Greek -- A Sociopragmatic Account of the se Passive in (pre-)Classical Spanish -- System and Variation in the Dutch Modals -- Indestructible Insights -- Complexity in Complementation -- Part VI: The Social Meaning of Language Variation -- Chinese Listeners' Attitudes Towards Shanghai-accented Standard Chinese Across Five Regions -- Dialect Divergence at the State Border -- Cognitive Sociolinguistics in Development -- Cognitive Sociolinguistics in Northeastern Peninsular Romance Frontier Varieties -- Palatalization: Variation and Social Meaning -- Part VII: Grammatical Variation -- Lache, Giere, Boeie -- From Big Brother to IKEA.

Chapter 1. Introduction: Perspectives on Academic Persian -- Chapter 2. Historical Grounds for a Rational Grammar in Academic Persian -- Chapter 3. Amendments to Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis: Moderating Role of Affective variables in L1 (Persian)-L2 (English) Academic Reading Relationship -- Chapter 4. Writer-reader Interaction in Written Discourse: A Comparative Corpus-based Investigation of Metadiscourse Features in English and Persian Academic Genre -- Chapter 5. One Concept, Many Names! Analyzing a Serious Challenge Lying ahead of the Formation of Academic Persian Vocabulary -- Chapter 6. Neologisms in Contemporary Persian Approved by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature: A Case Study of Epidemiology Terms -- Chapter 7. The Promises of Action Research to Develop Persian for Academic Purposes Teachers' Professionalism -- Chapter 8. Promoting the Status of an Academic Language: Participant Interaction -- Chapter 9. Application of Frame Semantics to Teach Persian Vocabulary to Non-native Speakers -- Chapter 10. Academic Writing for Academic Persian: A Synthesis of Recent Research -- Chapter 11. Moving Forward in Writing a Persian Academic Text: An Introduction to Cohesive Devices -- Chapter 12. Representations and Uses of Conjunctions in Persian Learners' Academic Writings: The Predictive Power of Saadi Foundation Writing Rubric.

The present paper aims to examine the use of the persuasive rules in texts and images to determine the role of these visual modes in recalling or adding what they mention. Such a study helps set clearly which visual mode is much more convincing, the image or the text. Scholars generally agreed that the visual mode is more persuasive. However, such a statement is general as it does not state exactly which type of visual mode is more convincing. Accordingly, the research questions highlighted here are: What are the persuasive strategies invested in any of these two visual modes, texts and images? And, what is the role these visual modes play to enhance the sense of persuasion? To achieve the objectives, the researchers will adopt the cognitive linguistic theory of frame semantics by Fillmore (1995). Since the study is qualitative, the study's data will be limited to four randomly selected American English advertisements posted on Facebook. Findings have revealed that the number of the evoked frame units is unlimited and subjective, reflecting, as a result, a person's imagination power, his needs, and desires. The study has concluded that the visual, written text is more persuasive than the pictures and photos. The text reflects a bricolage of various persuasive strategies that help pull the attention. Besides, the images provided played a vital role, though secondary to the texts, supporting the textual information and flavor it realistically.

El carácter laudatorio de los panegíricos latinos ha minimizado su importancia como fuente histórica bajo la idea de que la precisión de los datos se ve lógicamente mermada por la función propagandística que desempeñaban. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las narrativas de legitimación del poder imperial diárquico que desprenden sus panegíricos y que, como podrá observarse, no son fruto de referencias arbitrarias, eruditas o meramente ornamentales, sino que componen un discurso político-religioso con plena coherencia interna sobre el mensaje que el aparato imperial buscaba transmitir como ruptura del periodo precedente: de la etapa del caos y la fragmentación del poder, a un nuevo orden que reclama y se encamina hacia un poder político predestinado y unitario. ; The laudatory nature of Latin Panegyrics has minimised their importance of this historical source due to the fact that the accuracy of the data is obviously decreased by their propaganda function. The aim of this paper is to analyse the narratives constructed and shape in panegyrics in order to legitimase the imperial power structure during the Diarchy, which, as can be observed, are not arbitrary or decorative references but a part of a political discourse with a full internal consistency driven by a imperial system that want to be self-represented as a break point in contrast to the former period: from an age dominated by chaos and fragmentation in roman institutional frame, to a new order based on a predestined and unitary political power.

This study explores the distinctive patterns of language use in political discourse across selected outer circle (Cameroon and Ghana) and inner circle (US and South Africa) varieties, using a corpus-based approach. More specifically, the research sets out to investigate the use of two types of linguistic features, namely, personal pronouns and kinship metaphors. In a first analysis, I adopt an alternative approach to investigating the use of personal pronouns in political discourse. The approach essentially draws from the cognitive linguistic concept of 'frames' as articulated by the theory of frame semantics (Fillmore, 1976, 1977a, 1982, 1985, 2008; Fillmore & Baker, 2010). I use an automatic frame semantic parsing tool, the SEMAFOR parser (Das et al, 2014), to identify the different types of (semantic) frames and frame roles with which specific personal pronouns are instantiated across the four varieties. I then compare the findings to illustrate instances of universality and variation. In a second analysis, I examine the types of metaphorical conceptualizations which are made using kinship terms across the varieties. Working top-down from conceptual schemas to linguistic instantiation, I identify and compare the frequencies of metaphors from the kinship field and also describe the types of cross-domain mappings typically involved in each of the varieties. My analysis is mostly informed by mainstream cognitive approaches to the study of metaphors, more especially cultural variations in the use of conceptual metaphors (Kövecses, 2002, 2005). I demonstrate that although there is empirical evidence for the use of a kinship conceptual schema across all four varieties, there are however significant variances in the specific metaphorical mappings used to instantiate this high-level conceptual structure. Both analyses make a case for the fact that in the field of political discourse especially, language use may be structured and constrained by conceptual schemas which themselves are culturally determined. ; Diese ...

Since Durkheim's characterization of the sacred and profane as "antagonistic rivals," the strict dichotomy has been framed in such a way that "being religious" evokes images of a life filled with profound meaning and value, while "being secular" evokes images of a meaningless, self-centered, superficial life, often characterized by materialistic consumerism and the cold, heartless environment of corporate greed. Consequently, to identify as "neither religious nor spiritual" runs the risk of being stigmatized as superficial, untrustworthy, and immoral. Conflicts and confusions encountered in the process of negotiating a nonreligious/nonspiritual identity, caused by the ambiguous nature of religious language, were explored through qualitative interviews with 14 ex-ministers and 1 atheist minister—individuals for whom supernaturalist religion had formed the central core of identity, but who have deconverted and no longer hold supernatural beliefs. The cognitive linguistics approach of Frame Semantics was applied to the process of "oppositional identity work" to examine why certain identity labels are avoided or embraced due to considerations of the cognitive frames evoked by those labels.

Through the constant comparative method of grounded theory, a host of useful theoretical concepts emerged from the data. Several impediments to the construction of a "secular but not superficial" identity were identified, and a framework of new theoretical concepts developed to make sense of them: sense disparity, frame disparity, identity misfire, foiled identity, sense conflation, and conflated frames. Several consequences arising from these impediments were explored: (1) consequences of sense conflation and conflated frames for the study of religion; (2) consequences of conflated frames for religious terminology; and (3) consequences of the negation of conflated frames for those who identify as not religious, not spiritual, or not Christian. Additionally, four types of oppositional identity work were identified and analyzed: (1) avoidance identity work, (2) dissonant identity work, (3) adaptive identity work, and (4) alternative identity work. Finally, the concept of conflated frames was applied to suggest a new interpretation of the classic Weberian disenchantment narrative.