Suchergebnisse

This paper studies voting behavior on 16 environmental ballot propositions in California in order to characterize the demand for environmental goods. The environment is found to be a normal good for people with mean incomes, but some environmental goods are inferior for people with high incomes, at least when supplied collectively. An important "price" of environmental goods is reduced income in the construction, farming, forestry, and manufacturing industries. In most cases, income and price can explain most of the variation in voting; it is not essential to introduce non-economic concepts such as ideology and politics.

To what extent are there trade impediments to the transfer and adoption of environmental goods and services? How can these be addressed by global trade negotiations? What is the role of complementary measures in order to ensure "win-win" benefits -- that is promoting both environmental protection and economic growth? And how can developing countries also benefit to ensure a triple -- "win-win-win" -- situation?. This book addresses these questions. A key conclusion of the research is the need for policy settings to address both supply and demand-side factors. Indeed supply-

To what extent are there trade impediments to the transfer and adoption of environmental goods and services? How can these be addressed by global trade negotiations? What is the role of complementary measures in order to ensure ""win-win"" benefits -- that is promoting both environmental protection and economic growth? And how can developing countries also benefit to ensure a triple -- ""win-win-win"" -- situation?. This book addresses these questions. A key conclusion of the research is the need for policy settings to address both supply and demand-side factors. Indeed supply-side factors, in

Problems related to the balance of relations between human activities and the natural environment are particularly visible in the environmental goods and services sector. There are inter-organizational networks in this sector based on recycling, treatment, reclamation processes and the provision of municipal services. These networks can be operational or supervisory-control. The paper presents a case study of a network dedicated to recycling, processing and management of post-consumer waste, such as tires. The work has the character of theoretical assumptions and operationalization of concepts for empirical research, which will be a continuation of the ongoing project of relationships analysis in a selected sector.

Abstract
This paper considers the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and Environmental Goods Agreement agreements, which grant tariff concession through Harmonized System classifications beyond the six-digit level ('ex outs') in favour of 'green' goods and discuss how these initiatives fit into the WTO legal regime. Even if the practical significance of the APEC agreement should not be overestimated as it involves modest tariff concessions over a subset of goods, which are not heavily traded, these agreements involve a paradigm shift to the extent that they use tariff concessions negotiated on a plurilateral basis as a policy instrument to meet public policy concern, instead of making market access conditional on meeting national regulations. We find that there is a tension between the current definition of likeness for the enforcement of most favoured nation provisions and the use of ex outs and a risk that improved market access for ex outs could be seen a de facto discrimination. One way out of this conundrum is to define likeness in terms of policy rationales.

National reductions of CO2 emissions as a way to manage unilaterally the use of global environmental resources can be interpreted as the noncooperative provision of an international public good. This paper analyses two basic sources of inefficiency if countries abate their emissions noncooperatively. One is caused by the possibility to take a free ride on abatement activities of other countries, the second results from comparative cost advantages of emission abatements not being exploited. In a simple two-country, two-goods model it is analysed how asymmetries in population size influence the relative importance of these welfare losses by deriving for both an index of efficiency. The efficiency-properties of the Nash equilibrium are compared to the Stackelberg equilibrium.

AbstractUsing data from the World Value Survey for the period 1981–2007, this paper shows that the level of trust is positively linked to the willingness to contribute to environmental goods in selected African countries. The results are robust to possible errors in measuring trust, to the presence of various controls, and the potential endogeneity bias. These findings complement and extend the existing literature in the sense that they provide evidence on the importance of trust in improving the collective management of natural resources in Africa.