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THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION AND DOMESTIC INEQUALITY IN THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN THE MID-1980S AND EARLY 1990S. THE ANALYSIS EXAMINES TWO MAJOR MODES OF INTEGRATION, TRADE AND DIRECT INVESTMENT, DISAGGREGATING EACH BY ECONOMIC SECTOR AND DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, AND INBOUND AND OUTBOUND FLOWS AND STOCKS. IT FINDS FEW SIGNIFICANT RELATIONS BETWEEN EITHER TRADE OR INVESTMENT AND SECTORAL INCOME DISTRIBUTION.

Abstract. In taxing their mining industries most Less Developed Countries must balance their need for mineral revenues with their requirement for continued private Investment in exploration and development. Papua New Guinea has attempted to achieve such a balance. An ideal system would use a Resource Rent Tax. Papua New Guinea accepted its underlying principle but combined it with royalties, a. flat profits tax, a dividend withholding tax and an additional profits tax. The rates and thresholds keep the tax burden bearable and avoid discouraging investment for exploration and development while ensuring that the government receives a substantial return from profitable projects.

THIS ARTICLE SUMMARIZES A PANEL DISCUSSION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ARMS RACE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. PANEL PARTICIPANTS STRESSED THE WASTEFULNESS OF HUGE EXPENDITURES FOR WEAPONS WHEN MANY OF THE WORLD'S PEOPLES LIVE IN DEBT-RIDDEN, UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES.

THIS STUDY STOPS SHORT BOTH OF EQUATING THE LEAST DEVELOPED AMERICAN STATES WITH THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AND OF POSITING A NEW THEORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. POLICY MAKERS IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SHOULD LOOK TO THE LEAST DEVELOPED OF THE AMERICAN STATES FOR PATTERNS TO EMULATE, RATHER THAN TO THE WEALTHIER STATES OR TO THE U.S. GOVERNMENT

The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical principles of functioning of the budget system in developed economies. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of budget system construction in developed countries and to reveal the trends of budgetary policy in the system of social and economic development. The budget system serves as a means of realizing state functions and, in conditions of deepening globalization challenges, is a powerful tool for regulating the economic development of the administrative-territorial units and the state as a whole. Research methods. The following scientific methods are used in the work: systemic, comparison, analysis and synthesis, which together allowed to realize the conceptual unity of the research, to comprehensively analyze the object of research and obtain scientific conclusions. Research results. The peculiarities of construction of budget systems in foreign countries, which are determined by the specifics of their state, political and economic structure, as well as historical stages of formation, are substantiated. Budgeting is carried out in the medium term; local authorities have significant powers when drafting and implementing local budgets. The governments of the countries pay considerable attention to the financing and implementation of targeted social and economic development programs. The features of budget planning and forecasting in financial systems of the developed countries of the world are analyzed. The general financial policy of the governments of the countries combines its focus on increasing financial stability by increasing budget expenditures with unconditional performance of external commitments and maintaining the social orientation of fiscal policy. Considerable attention is paid to increasing the volume of investments in order to create new highly effective and cost-effective industries, and increase the efficiency of investment processes in general. Perspective forecasting of budget indicators is an important part of the ...

IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THE REALIZATION OF THE NOTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT HAS COME UNDER CHALLENGE DUE TO THE EMERGENCE OF NEO-LIBERAL REGIMES AND THEIR PRO-MARKET POLICIES. THE ARTICLE ADDRESSES THE FOLLOWING ISSUES IN THIS CONTEXT; THE ORIGIN, MEANING, AND PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; THE MAJOR FEATURES AND POLICY ORIENTATIONS OF NEO-LIBERAL REGIMES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; AND THE CRITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF NEO-LIBERAL POLICIES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT.