Suchergebnisse

THAT THE TWIN STRATEGIES OF RECONSTITUTION AND THE NEW ACQUISITION STRATEGY PROVIDE A RECIPE FOR U.S. MILITARY DECLINE IS THE THESIS OF THIS ARTICLE. THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HAS ARTICULATED A NEW REGIONAL STRATEGY AND A SUPPORTING BASE FORCE AS NEW NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY. RECONSTITUTION PROVIDES THE RATIONALE FOR HUGE REDUCTIONS IN U.S. EXISTING FORCES WHILE THE NEW ACQUISITION STRATEGY RATIONALIZES SIMILARLY HUGE REDUCTIONS IN FUTURE MILITARY PROCUREMENT. THE AUTHOR SUGGESTS THAT, TAKEN TOGETHER, THEY PROVIDE A HIGHLY OPTIMISITC AND TOTALLY MISGUIDED RATIONALE FOR REORIENTING THE DEFENSE BUDGET AWAY FROM PROCUREMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING FORCES. SINCE THEIR ENUNCIATION, RECONSTITUTION AND THE NEW ACQUISITION STRATEGY HAVE BEEN DOING UNINTENDED DAMAGE BY DISPLACING THE USEFUL PLANNING THE U.S. SHOULD BE DOING. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT THE U.S SHOULD BE HONEST ABOUT REQUIREMENTS, CREATE AN OVERALL DEFENSE ACQUISITION PLAN, AND STOP THE TALK OF NEW STRATEGIES WHERE THERE ARE NONE.

SummaryAccording to the 1991/92 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey, a Tanzanian woman has, on average, 6·1 births before she reaches age 50, a decline of about one birth per woman since the early 1980s. The major proximate determinant of fertility is universal and prolonged breastfeeding. An analysis of the social and demographic correlates of fertility shows that infant and child mortality, level of education and age at first marriage are among the factors which significantly influence fertility in Tanzania.

'Auf der Grundlage einer außergewöhnlich umfangreichen Datenbank für Deutschland widmet sich der Artikel der Frage, ob es im ländlichen Deutschland vor der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in einem größeren Rahmen Geburtenbeschränkung gab. Verschiedene Methoden ermöglichen es, Muster von Verlängerungen der Geburtenintervalle in Abhängigkeit von der Kinderzahl aufzudecken. Ein solches Verhalten war nicht auf kleine Minderheiten beschränkt, obwohl es bei den Reformierten, bei denen sich neben der Streckung der Intervalle auch ein niedriges Alter bei der letzten Geburt nachweisen lässt, am offensichtlichsten ist. Zusätzlich kann eine Hinausschieben der folgenden Geburt auch in bestimmten Notzeiten eingetreten sein. Wichtiger als solche kurzfristigen Variationen waren indes längere Depressionsperioden der Fertilität, die in den hier untersuchten Bevölkerungen nachgewiesen werden können. In Hinsicht auf Deutschland untergraben die beiden Hauptergebnisse das Konzept einer konstant hohen Fertilität vor dem transitionsbedingten Rückgang, verbunden mit einem strikten Gegensatz zwischen 'modernem' und 'vormodernem' Verhalten in Hinblick auf Geburtenkontrolle.' (Autorenreferat)

There is a growing recognition in the academic, policy and activist worlds of an urgency to navigate the current climate crisis by refusing to support production and use of certain technologies and infrastructures that are not environmentally sustainable (anymore). This research may be of relevance to scholars, policy-makers and anyone else curious of reading about why some technologies remain abandoned and do not return, while others do. This is a study of three historical cases of decline of technologies: the incandescent light bulb in the EU, cloud seeding in the US, and the Ural computer in Soviet Russia. The research presents an approach to trace, make sense and, possibly, act on technological decline. In the dissertation decline is conceptualised as "unravelling", as related competences become less used, related materials are harder to come by, and related meanings turn outdated. Six ideal-type pathways for the outcome of unravelling are formulated.

Recent reproductive health surveys show that the fertility rate in Paraguay decreased precipitously from 4.3 lifetime births per woman in 1995–98 to 2.9 births in 2001–04. In this study, we establish data consistency between the 1998 and 2004 surveys by comparing a series of cohort‐specific period rates and use the Bongaarts framework of proximate determinants of fertility to demonstrate that an increase in the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) between 1998 and 2004 fully accounts for the fertility decline. Decomposition of rates shows that changes in group‐specific CPRs explain a greater proportion of the change in the overall CPR than do changes in population composition by educational attainment, urban residence, region, and language spoken at home. Finally, we show that younger cohorts of women in 2004 reported ideal completed fertility desires of less than 2.9 births, suggesting that the fertility rate is likely to continue to decrease.

This paper explicates Simone de Beauvoir's concept of "decline" in ageing and assesses both its plausibility and its ethical and political promise. Though I maintain that the concept is largely plausible, and that it helps us to envision social justice for the aged, I also note certain limitations, and these lead me to suggest philosophical and ethical caution as to its range of application. Briefly, both in theory and in practice, Beauvoir appears to questionably conflate the decline of the phenomenological subject with that of a younger adult version of the psychological self or structure of the personality. Through examinations of Beauvoir's account of dementia and her paternalism towards her dying mother and the declining Jean-Paul Sartre, I suggest how her concept of decline may fall short, but also how her rich phenomenological descriptions point the way to a pluralistic approach to ageing as a social justice issue.

William Beaver on four factors depressing higher ed enrollments.