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The 100th anniversary of Geddes' book "cities in evolution" has just passed, and the authors of this paper present a contribution of understanding "how" Geddes might address the paradigm of the "smart city". Geddesian concepts have greatly revolutionized the design and building of modern cities around the world. As a botanist and scientist, Geddes incorporated the concept of the appearance of gardens in designing towns. His success in pioneering the planning of his city of residence in Scotland inspired further involvement in designing towns and the renovation of old structures and buildings. His concepts regarding the planning and development of towns and cities have created a foundation of interest in research, professionalism, and educational development. This study analyses the concepts of space, communities, and smart cities, and repositions Geddesian ideas in contemporary learning strategies in relation to the wider political spectrum associated with the paradigm of smart cities. The authors explore the relevance of his thought and perspective in the current design environment geared towards the creation of smart cities. The study also evaluates the challenges of developing smart cities in relation Patrick Geddes's ideas.

The European Union is an economic and political union that encompasses 28 European countries and covers most of the continent. The EU has created harmonised legislation for its Member States, has an internal market and four freedoms for its Members, has established a single currency and created the Schengen area. The EU promotes human rights, human dignity, equality, freedom and democracy.

Die zu untersuchenden Formen der Interaktion zwischen räumlichen Vorstellungen und nicht-räumlichen Begriffen im Kontext der platonischen Dialoge sind in verschiedenen Arten der komplexen Wechselwirkung erkennbar. In mythisch- literarischen Entwürfen von Räumen können im Medium der bildlichen Phantasie die Grenzen des Wirklichen hin zum Märchenhaft-Phantastischen überschritten werden. Diese phantastischen und mythischen Räume und Orte können dann in einem zweiten Schritt auf die Wahrnehmung realer Räume und des Kosmos selbst zurückwirken. In philosophischen Theorien lassen sich wesentlich nicht- bildliche Sachverhalte wie die menschliche Seele und ihre Unsterblichkeit oder auch genuine Intelligibilia wie begriffliche Prinzipien und Gottesvorstellungen zur leichteren Vermittlung durch räumliche Elemente in anschaulichen Kontexten und Instanzen darstellen und dadurch dem anschaulichen Denken nahebringen. In allen diesen und weiteren Fällen findet eine substantielle Wechselwirkung zwischen einer imaginierten räumlichen Ordnung von etwas, das die Dimension des Wahrnehmbaren überschreitet, und Vorstellungen über die Raumordnung des Wahrnehmbaren und der realen gesellschaftlichen und politischen Wirklichkeit statt. Die Gruppe analysiert die vielschichtige Komplexität solcher Wirkungsverhältnisse an exemplarischen Instanzen des griechischen Mythos, der Psychologie, der Kosmologie sowie allgemein der Naturwissenschaft. Sofern die Dialoge Platons der Ausgangs- und Angelpunkt sind, stellt sich immer die Frage, in welcher Weise die räumliche Dimension der dialogischen Szenerie in Wechselwirkung mit der philosophisch erschlossenen Sache oder dem Gegenstand der Gespräche steht. Aus diesem Erkenntnisinteresse heraus ergibt sich zwingend, dass die Gruppe eine Vielzahl an methodischen Zugängen und perspektivischen Ausrichtungen wählen und kombinieren muss. Dazu gehören neben der philologischen, texterschließenden Methode und der philologischen Quellen- und Referenzsuche auch sozialwissenschaftliche Fragestellungen zum realen ...

This article is devoted to the problem of definition of approaches of cultural and educational space on the basis of conceptual accents, depending on the purpose of the research. Such hermeneutic aspects are paid attention to as: the problem of correlation between the concepts of climate, environment and space, which are used in pedagogical discourse with similar meanings. The clarification of the content of the cultural and educational space is vital in the interdisciplinary context of philosophy, cultural studies and sociology, since all these scientific disciplines are involved in the formation of the contents, which circulate in the pedagogical discourse. The article eliminates the criteria for the definitions of cultural and educational space by different authors and generalized formulations, which arise from these criteria. In particular, the distinction is made by the following criteria: the physical organizational factor, the organizational and managerial category, the factor of pedagogical influence, the system of coordinates/ values, the communicative space, the object of philosophical and educational discourse, the factor of the formation of the subjectivity of an individual, circumstances of the reality metaphorization while its wording

Age at onset of blindness does not seem to be the critical factor in children's masters of space concepts. Although only half the subjects of this study successfully completed Piagetian tasks of projected space, congenitally and adventitiously blind subjects were equally able to do so. Neither was performance age-related: success and failure rates were distributed evenly over the 6-to-12 age span. One-third of the subjects exhibited atypical spatial development, mastering relative positions of left and right before mirror-image orientation.

The entity of the aesthetical representation of politics is studied basing on three ontological sources and three methodological views on this process: aesthetical, ethical, and psychological. The essence of the aesthetical presentation of the political sphere and the ways of representing political reality by aesthetical facilities are analyzed. The special concepts of a political symbol, the political metaphor, the political ritual, and the political myth are used in the research to discover the sensual parameters of the political aesthetization as the process and collection of the phenomena.

The entity of the aesthetical representation of politics is studied basing on three ontological sources and three methodological views on this process: aesthetical, ethical, and psychological. The essence of the aesthetical presentation of the political sphere and the ways of representing political reality by aesthetical facilities are analyzed. The special concepts of a political symbol, the political metaphor, the political ritual, and the political myth are used in the research to discover the sensual parameters of the political aesthetization as the process and collection of the phenomena.

The researcher attempts to explore the public sphere; and monitor his structure, function and places of work, through Habermas' theoretical vision and his analysis of the principle of "publicity" in modern philosophy. As he attempted to discuss and analyze in the eighth and nineteenth centuries in Western society. And to explain its components in the political and social field. Where the researcher will address the public sphere; its concept, components, political, economic transformations as explained by Habermas in his book "Structural Transformations of Public Space", then the researcher will analyze the changes of public sphere in modern societies. And highlight the most important debates and criticisms raised the public sphere by thinkers and philosophers.