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AbstractThis article examines children's discourse about self, brain and behaviour, focusing on the dynamics of power, knowledge and responsibility articulated by children. The empirical data discussed in this article are drawn from the study of Voices on Identity, Childhood, Ethics and Stimulants, which included interviews with 151 US and UK children, a subset of whom had a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Despite their contact with psychiatric explanations and psychotropic drugs for their behaviour, children's discursive engagements with the brain show significant evidence of agency and negotiated responsibility. These engagements suggest the limitations of current concepts that describe a collapse of the self into the brain in an age of neurocentrism. Empirical investigation is needed in order to develop agent‐centred conceptual and theoretical frameworks that describe and evaluate the harms and benefits of treating children with psychotropic drugs and other brain‐based technologies.

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Funding from the Stroke Association (DAD), Technology Strategy Board/ Innovate UK (46917-348146), Wellcome Trust (WT088134/Z/09/A), Row Fogo Charitable Trust, Lupus UK, National Institutes of Health (R01 EB004155-03), European Union Horizon 2020 PHC-03-15, project No 666881, SVDs@Target, and Fondation Leducq (Transatlantic Network of Excellence for the Study of Perivascular Spaces in Small Vessel Disease, ref no. 16 CVD 05) is gratefully acknowledged. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF