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In this article, we discuss the potential of Web3 in the context of decentralized finance (DeFi).
Web3, as the new generation of the internet and new approaches, comes with a decentralized architecture
and increased security through the use of blockchain technology. These characteristics make Web3 a suitable
environment for DeFi, which is a decentralized financial system based on blockchain technology and smart
contracts to provide financial services. DeFi eliminates the need for intermediaries in financial transactions
and can provide access to financial services globally, even for those who do not use traditional financial
instruments. We address the various aspects of DeFi that are possible through the use of Web3, such as
payments, loans, and digital asset exchanges. We also aim to address how Web3 can solve some of the current
issues facing DeFi, such as scalability and interoperability. Additionally, we discuss the regulatory
perspective, how these new financial systems bring and create new risks, and what the management tools for
these risks can be from two perspectives: financial stability and the protection of consumers/investors, and
financial education as a proactive element of self-management of increasingly complex new financial
concepts. DeFi is one of the most innovative and exciting applications of blockchain technology that can
transform and improve the global financial system. However, DeFi is still in its early stages and faces certain
challenges, such as scalability and interoperability between different DeFi platforms. Web3 can play a
significant role in addressing these challenges by creating a decentralized environment that can facilitate
value transfer and interconnectivity between different DeFi platforms. Web3 can also enhance the security
and transparency of DeFi platforms by leveraging blockchain technology and smart contracts. The
emergence of DeFi also brings new risks and challenges, particularly in terms of regulation and consumer
protection. Financial authorities must adopt a proactive approach to regulate these new financial systems
and ensure their stability and security, while also promoting financial education and awareness among
consumers and investors

In healthcare, interoperability is widely adopted in the case of cross-departmental or specialization cases. As the human body demands multiple specialized and cross-disciplined medical experiments, interoperability of business entities like different departments, different specializations, the involvement of legal and government monitoring issues etc. are not sufficient to reduce the active medical cases. A patient-centric system with high capability to collect, retrieve, store or exchange data is the demand for present and future times. Such data-centric health processes would bring automated patient medication, or patient self-driven trusted and high satisfaction capabilities. However, data-centric processes are having a huge set of challenges such as security, technology, governance, adoption, deployment, integration etc. This work has explored the feasibility to integrate resource-constrained devices-based wearable kidney systems in the Industry 4.0 network and facilitates data collection, liquidity, storage, retrieval and exchange systems. Thereafter, a Healthcare 4.0 processes-based wearable kidney system is proposed that is having the blockchain technology advantages. Further, game theory-based consensus algorithms are proposed for resource-constrained devices in the kidney system. The overall system design would bring an example for the transition from the specialization or departmental-centric approach to data and patient-centric approach that would bring more transparency, trust and healthy practices in the healthcare sector. Results show a variation of 0.10 million GH/s to 0.18 million GH/s hash rate for the proposed approach. The chances of a majority attack in the proposed scheme are statistically proved to be minimum. Further Average Packet Delivery Rate (ADPR) lies between 95% to 97%, approximately, without the presence of outliers. In the presence of outliers, network performance decreases below 80% APDR (to a minimum of 41.3%) and this indicates that there are outliers present in the network. Simulation results show that the Average Throughput (AT) value lies between 120 Kbps to 250 Kbps.

OntoROPA deals with the automated creation and maintenance of a critical piece of legal compliance required by the GDPR—the Records of Processing Activities (ROPA). It includes the design of a knowledge graph—an RDF graph—tohandleinformationaboutROPAs,combining alegalprofessional ontology (which will be a part of this graph) with the collection and management of the specific knowledge of the community of privacy and data protection experts. The OntoROPA architecture is law and data driven. ROPAs are deemed to be the critical piece of legal compliance from a social perspective: they are the only available source of information, accessible to non- technical people (including citizens, judges, rulers, law experts, data protection users, and supervisors). Thus, this fact makes them a critical piece for GDPR legal compliance for all stakeholders—providers, controllers, supervisors, and companies. This is a market niche. Deliverable 2, OntoROPA proposed design specification and approach, is focused on a modular, distributed, and ontological approach for the design of both layers—software and data—where each module is the answer to a legal requirement. Data comply with standards for the aim of interoperability, and the design of both layers are subjected to a legal governance scheme, specifically set to harmonize an innovative design for the marketplace with the law, policy, and ethics framework. On top of that, Deliverable 2 explores the possibilities that blockchain technology offers: the use of TEE for secure processing, the use of verifiable credentials with standard certificates for identity management, and the use of oracles for accessing external services. In Deliverable 2, Section 1 introduces the main contents. Section 2 presents a solution with two main components: (1) An OWL ontology that collects the expert knowledge from the target domain (ROPA community) for supporting validation and trustworthiness; (2) and the software artifacts that process ROPAs. This section (i) introduces OntoROPA modules—identity, linked RDF ROPAs, validation, certification, proactiveness—,(ii) offers a detailed design specification (ontology and software requirements, methodology, OntoROPA flowchart) (iii) and describes the interfaces for coordination with ONTOCHAIN blocks. Section 3 deals with the impacts. It includes the business model to get into the market as a new Law-Tech Web Service. It describes its main features, the OntoROPA contribution to bridging web semantics and blockchain technologies, and it defines the creation of ONTOCHAIN legal value. Legal knowledge (legal justification) is also required by the Spanish legislation for ROPAs. OntoROPA legal governance system, the 2 middle-out and inside-out approaches aligned with EU strategies and policies, and the generation of the OntoROPA regulatory legal ecosystem, are explained in detail, including the compatibility between blockchain solutions and GDPR requirements. Section 4 copes with the implementation process, comprising ontology modularity, software modularity, and real time performance of the solution (Ontology and Software KPIs, experimental evaluation, and interoperability aspects, followed by a granular implementation plan). This is heading to an OntoROPA standardisation process. Finally, Section 5, highlights in the Conclusion some results and what is next. ; Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación: NGI ONTOCHAIN. Grant Agreement No.: 957338. Call: H2020-ICT-2020-1. Topic: ICT-54-2020. Type of action: RIA.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Notes on editors and contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Table of cases -- Table of legislation -- PART 1: Effect Of New Technologies On Contracting In Shipping Practice -- 1. Blockchain and smart contracts in shipping and transport: a legal revolution is about to arrive? -- 1 Introductory remarks -- 2 Is distributed ledger technology (DLT) atechnological remake of the ancestors of the bill of lading? -- 3 How do we translate this technology into a legal-contractual frame? Apossible case for non-permissioned DLTs and registers of ships -- 4 Permissioned ledgers and their potential applications to shipping and transport -- 5 Issues of responsibility in the (maritime) transport industry -- 6 Blockchain as atool to revolutionise transport markets -- 7 Other legal concerns: antitrust, data protection and security -- 8 The issue of smart contracts: would they fit in the shipping and logistics industry? -- 9 Issues of dispute resolution -- 2. Smart contracts: the BIMCO experience -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The BIMCO perspective -- 3 Conclusion -- 3. Can commercial law accommodate new technologies in international shipping? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The current legal regimes -- 3 The Rotterdam rules -- 4 Conclusion -- 4. Electronic signatures in shipping practice -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Asymmetric encryption -- 3 The user interface -- 4 Blockchains -- 5 Monopoly and interoperability -- 6 Liability -- 7 Defences -- 8 Conclusion -- 5. Pinning down delivery: Glencore v MSC and the use of PIN codes to effect delivery -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The facts of Glencore v MSC -- 3 MSC'S defences to the misdelivery claim -- 4 The implications for interpreting bills of lading -- 5 Provision of the release note and pin codes as "actual" delivery -- 6 Symbolic delivery.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the Editor -- About the Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 The Value of Health IT -- 2 Personal Health Engagement -- 3 Fostering Innovation in Health IT -- 4 Ambulatory Systems: Electronic Health Records -- 5 Clinical Decision Support System -- 6 Medication Errors -- 7 Racing against the Clock, Winning Back Time Spent in EHR -- 8 Hospital Systems: History and Rationale for Hospital Health IT -- 9 Artificial Intelligence and Hospital Automation -- 10 Clinical and Business Intelligence -- 11 Promoting Interoperability and Quality Payment Programs: The Evolving Paths of Meaningful Use -- 12 Telebehavioral Health: Mental Health Landscape -- 13 Optimizing Medication Use through Health Information Technology: A Pharmacist's Perspective -- 14 Nursing Informatics Today and Future Perspectives for Healthcare -- 15 Health Information Exchange: An Overview and New York State's Model -- 16 Direct Interoperability Enhancing Transitions Across the Spectrum of Healthcare -- 17 Privacy and Security -- 18 Blockchain Primer -- 19 IoT Is Watching You -- 20 Case Study: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Uses of Public Health Informatics in Response to COVID-19 -- 21 Genomic Informatics in the Healthcare System -- 22 Managed Care Organizations Leverage Health Information from Multiple Sources to Drive Value -- 23 Workforce Application of Informatics to Target Initiatives -- 24 Patient-Centered Medical Home and Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) -- 25 eMOLST: Electronic System for Completing Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment -- 26 Medical Liability Insurance Data Analytics: An Opportunity to Identify Risks, Target Interventions and Impact Policy -- 27 Medical-Legal: Attorney's Perspective -- 28 Telehealth.

The global emphasis on sustainability has stimulated the demand for state-of-the-art solutions that drive the green and blue economy. However, the exponentially growing data analysis remains constrained, leading to a substantial disparity between data supply and demand. This discrepancy primarily arises from data being isolated, inaccessible, and infrequently shared due to concerns regarding data governance and privacy breaches. To tackle these challenges, we propose the integration of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) cross-ledgering within the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) framework as a promising approach to advance cognitive sustainability through improved information sharing and storage. The P2P network configured at the base facilitates a decentralized and secure exchange of information among diverse stakeholders involved in promoting sustainability. By leveraging the immutability and authorized accessibility of blockchain, consortia nodes evaluate and segregate data suitable for on-chain, off-chain, or one-to-one transactions. This ensures the safeguarding of sensitive data while enabling seamless collaboration and sharing. The integration of ledger systems enables interoperability across multiple platforms, fostering smooth information exchange between entities engaged in green and blue economy initiatives.

Editors' introduction: The risks and regulatory perimeter for shadow banking / Iris H.-Y. Chiu and Iain G. MacNeil -- Part I: Perspectives on shadow banking and the regulatory perimeter -- 1. The law and economics of shadow banking / Hossein Nabilou and Alessio M. Pacces -- 2. Taking a functional approach to understanding shadow banking: a critical look at regulatory policy / Iris H.-Y. Chiu -- Part II: Shadow banking in the wholesale sector: financial innovation or regulatory arbitrage? -- 3. The repo market, collateral and systemic risk: in search of regulatory coherence / Jay Cullen -- 4. Securitization and structured finance: from shadow banking to legal harmonization? / Pierre de Gioia Carabellese -- 5. Pushing shadow banking into the light: reforming the U.S. tri-party repo market / Christian Johnson -- 6. Targeting hedge funds and 'repo runs' / Harry McVea -- 7. Regulating OTC derivatives: the CCP's role and the EMIR / Mark Hsiao -- 8. Shadow banking directive instruments / Edmond J Curtin and Joseph Tanega -- Part III: Shadow banking in the retail sector and issues relating to financial innovation -- 9. Blockchain, marketplace lending and crowdfunding: emerging issues and opportunities in fin tech / Edward F. Greene, Jeffrey M. Amico and Surya Bala -- 10. Out of the shadow?: promises and challenges of peer-to-peer lending / Mingfeng Lin -- 11. (Shadow) banking on the blockchain: permissioned ledgers, interoperability and common standards / Anna P. Donovan -- 12. European Money market fund regulations and universal transparency / Joseph Tanega and Viktoria Baklanova -- 13. Exchange traded funds in the shadow banking system / Pamela F. Hanrahan -- Part IV: Shadow banking and issues in other financial centres -- 14. Understanding shadow banking in the Chinese context: shadow banking with Chinese characteristics / Wei Shen -- 15. Shadow banking in Singapore / Christian Hofmann -- Index.

In healthcare, interoperability is widely adopted in the case of cross-departmental or specialization cases. As the human body demands multiple specialized and cross-disciplined medical experiments, interoperability of business entities like different departments, different specializations, the involvement of legal and government monitoring issues etc. are not sufficient to reduce the active medical cases. A patient-centric system with high capability to collect, retrieve, store or exchange data is the demand for present and future times. Such data-centric health processes would bring automated patient medication, or patient self-driven trusted and high satisfaction capabilities. However, data-centric processes are having a huge set of challenges such as security, technology, governance, adoption, deployment, integration etc. This work has explored the feasibility to integrate resource-constrained devices-based wearable kidney systems in the Industry 4.0 network and facilitates data collection, liquidity, storage, retrieval and exchange systems. Thereafter, a Healthcare 4.0 processes-based wearable kidney system is proposed that is having the blockchain technology advantages. Further, game theory-based consensus algorithms are proposed for resource-constrained devices in the kidney system. The overall system design would bring an example for the transition from the specialization or departmental-centric approach to data and patient-centric approach that would bring more transparency, trust and healthy practices in the healthcare sector. Results show a variation of 0.10 million GH/s to 0.18 million GH/s hash rate for the proposed approach. The chances of a majority attack in the proposed scheme are statistically proved to be minimum. Further Average Packet Delivery Rate (ADPR) lies between 95% to 97%, approximately, without the presence of outliers. In the presence of outliers, network performance decreases below 80% APDR (to a minimum of 41.3%) and this indicates that there are outliers present in the network. ...

This study explores the transformative impact of IoT technologies on smart tourism, striving to boost operational efficiency and enrich the traveler experience. Using a systematic literature review with bibliometric analysis, we examined a sample of 83 studies indexed in SCOPUS to identify research activity on this topic until November 2023. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including big data, smart sensors, cloud computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, wearables, mobile applications, augmented reality, and virtual reality, establishes the foundation of the IoT-enabled smart tourism ecosystem. These innovations bring distinct capabilities, from facilitating data collection with embedded sensor technologies to using cloud computing for essential services like data storage and analytics. Examining various IoT applications in smart tourism, such as recommender systems, smart cities, payment systems, and electronic ticketing, reveals their positive effects on safety, efficiency, and personalized services. However, challenges like security, privacy, software complexity, scalability, and interoperability necessitate robust measures. This study identifies future research directions, including enhancing security and privacy, exploring blockchain integration, investigating edge computing, and improving interactions between tourists and smart tourism systems. These endeavors aim to address challenges and seize opportunities, fostering innovative solutions for the evolving needs of the tourism industry in a technologically advanced landscape.

This article analyses the civil and registry implementation of smart property in real estate in Spain from a European perspective. To this end, a general theory is developed for smart property in real estate and transactional smart contracts, paying particular attention to remedies and property acquisition. Based on the remedies suggested by Nick Szabo in his formulation of smart contracts and smart property, such as the smart lien and the property club, other remedies adapted to our Law will be proposed, due to the ineffectiveness of Szabo's remedies in the Spanish context. In this regard, attention will be paid to the types of acquisition of real rights, the validity and effectiveness of transactional smart contracts, the remedies for breach of contract, and the modifications to registration that these remedies require. Smart real estate requires the tokenization of property and the linking of the digital asset with the real asset. For this purpose, the functions of tokens and the remote control of real estate, the tokenization of real tradition, and the implementation of property technology (PropTech), in particular, the Internet of Things, will be addressed. Finally, blockchainization of the registry will be examined from the perspective of the Land Registry Interconnection and the Interoperability Model for Land Registers (IMOLA) platform in the EU and Alastria Blockchain Ecosystem in Spain, as well as its legal adaptations regarding registry qualification and registry effects in terms of adverse possession.

Paperless process and the law, a marriage of convenience. The pioneering works of Philippe Garo and Albert Dione demonstrate this enough. In the digital age, adapting law in general and maritime law to electronic commerce is a sine qua non condition for securing transactions and confidence in the digital economy. If the issue relating to the legal status of dematerialized documents is today solved by the various texts of the UNCITRAL, legislation and the doctrine laying down legal principles of functional equivalence, media neutrality and technological neutrality, many questions remain raised and are the basis of this PhD dissertation. Does dematerialized transport documentation preserve their traditional legal functions ? If the answer is positive, it nevertheless remains subject to conditions. The issuing, transmission and or transfer of the electronic transport document, a title representative of the goods, must be supervised a reliable method allowing confidentiality, integrity, and durability of medium to be ensured throughout the process of dematerialization. If on the conceptual level, the operation seems simple, it is not the same on the practical level. Intrinsic and extrinsic limits to the documentary function are as many obstacles to dematerialization that this dissertation tent to resolve. Obviously, the opportunity cost of dematerialization for companies in the CEMAC zone is strategic. The adaptation on the legislative level is to be welcomed but should be accompanied on the practical level by a true community policy of maritime transport. A maritime transport policy emphasizing the creation of common infrastructures to ensure the interconnectivity and interoperability of systems. This has the advantage to ensure the facilitation of circulation and the secure transfer of documents in the full value chain. Such a policy will also facilitate the use soon in the CEMAC zone, of the Blockchain technology that we are proposing for the dematerialization of the negotiable transport document, "a true sea ...

Paperless process and the law, a marriage of convenience. The pioneering works of Philippe Garo and Albert Dione demonstrate this enough. In the digital age, adapting law in general and maritime law to electronic commerce is a sine qua non condition for securing transactions and confidence in the digital economy. If the issue relating to the legal status of dematerialized documents is today solved by the various texts of the UNCITRAL, legislation and the doctrine laying down legal principles of functional equivalence, media neutrality and technological neutrality, many questions remain raised and are the basis of this PhD dissertation. Does dematerialized transport documentation preserve their traditional legal functions ? If the answer is positive, it nevertheless remains subject to conditions. The issuing, transmission and or transfer of the electronic transport document, a title representative of the goods, must be supervised a reliable method allowing confidentiality, integrity, and durability of medium to be ensured throughout the process of dematerialization. If on the conceptual level, the operation seems simple, it is not the same on the practical level. Intrinsic and extrinsic limits to the documentary function are as many obstacles to dematerialization that this dissertation tent to resolve. Obviously, the opportunity cost of dematerialization for companies in the CEMAC zone is strategic. The adaptation on the legislative level is to be welcomed but should be accompanied on the practical level by a true community policy of maritime transport. A maritime transport policy emphasizing the creation of common infrastructures to ensure the interconnectivity and interoperability of systems. This has the advantage to ensure the facilitation of circulation and the secure transfer of documents in the full value chain. Such a policy will also facilitate the use soon in the CEMAC zone, of the Blockchain technology that we are proposing for the dematerialization of the negotiable transport document, "a true sea ...

Paperless process and the law, a marriage of convenience. The pioneering works of Philippe Garo and Albert Dione demonstrate this enough. In the digital age, adapting law in general and maritime law to electronic commerce is a sine qua non condition for securing transactions and confidence in the digital economy. If the issue relating to the legal status of dematerialized documents is today solved by the various texts of the UNCITRAL, legislation and the doctrine laying down legal principles of functional equivalence, media neutrality and technological neutrality, many questions remain raised and are the basis of this PhD dissertation. Does dematerialized transport documentation preserve their traditional legal functions ? If the answer is positive, it nevertheless remains subject to conditions. The issuing, transmission and or transfer of the electronic transport document, a title representative of the goods, must be supervised a reliable method allowing confidentiality, integrity, and durability of medium to be ensured throughout the process of dematerialization. If on the conceptual level, the operation seems simple, it is not the same on the practical level. Intrinsic and extrinsic limits to the documentary function are as many obstacles to dematerialization that this dissertation tent to resolve. Obviously, the opportunity cost of dematerialization for companies in the CEMAC zone is strategic. The adaptation on the legislative level is to be welcomed but should be accompanied on the practical level by a true community policy of maritime transport. A maritime transport policy emphasizing the creation of common infrastructures to ensure the interconnectivity and interoperability of systems. This has the advantage to ensure the facilitation of circulation and the secure transfer of documents in the full value chain. Such a policy will also facilitate the use soon in the CEMAC zone, of the Blockchain technology that we are proposing for the dematerialization of the negotiable transport document, "a true sea ...

Cover -- Endorsement Page -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 How the Covid-19 Pandemic Reshaped Healthcare with Technology -- Assessing the Current State of Digital Maturity in Healthcare -- How Big Tech Firms and Non-Traditional Players Are Reshaping the Healthcare Market -- How Leading Health Systems Are Approaching Digital Health -- Key Takeaways and Action Steps -- Chapter 2 The Future of Digital Health -- Enabling Online Patient Experiences: Telehealth and Digital Front Doors -- Improving Caregiver Experiences: Beyond EHR -- Digitally Enabling Administrative Functions: Automation -- Enhancing Wellness in Our Communities: Population Health Management -- Creating New Lines of Revenue: Monetizing Digital Platforms -- Key Takeaways and Action Steps -- Chapter 3 Creating an Agile Digital Transformation Blueprint -- A Vision for a Digital Enterprise -- Digital Strategy and Readiness Assessment -- Agile Roadmap Development and Prioritization of Initiatives -- Agile Digital Transformation and Technology Partner Selection -- Key Takeaways and Action Steps -- Chapter 4 Ensuring Strong Foundations -- Data Ownership and Data Management -- Data Integration and Interoperability -- Security and Privacy -- Technical Debt and Infrastructure Readiness -- ITSM, Agile, and TBM -- Key Takeaways and Action Steps -- Chapter 5 Leveraging Maturing and Emerging Technologies -- Analytics, Machine Learning, and AI -- Maturing Technologies: Cloud, Voice, and Automation -- Emerging Technologies: 5G, Blockchain -- Key Takeaways and Action Steps -- Chapter 6 Building Technology Partnerships for Success -- Understanding the Technology Vendor Ecosystem: ICEATM Framework -- Innovators: We Have a Whole New Way of Doing It.