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[EN] The present work describes the effects on iron homeostasis when copper transport was deregulated inArabidopsis thalianaby overexpressing high affinity copper transporters COPT1 and COPT3 (COPTOE). A genome-wide analysis conducted onCOPT1(OE)plants, highlighted that iron homeostasis gene expression was affected under both copper deficiency and excess. Among the altered genes were those encoding the iron uptake machinery and their transcriptional regulators. Subsequently,COPT(OE)seedlings contained less iron and were more sensitive than controls to iron deficiency. The deregulation of copper (I) uptake hindered the transcriptional activation of the subgroup Ib of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH-Ib) factors under copper deficiency. Oppositely, copper excess inhibited the expression of the master regulatorFITbut activatedbHLH-Ibexpression inCOPT(OE)plants, in both cases leading to the lack of an adequate iron uptake response. As copper increased in the media, iron (III) was accumulated in roots, and the ratio iron (III)/iron (II) was increased inCOPT(OE)plants. Thus, iron (III) overloading inCOPT(OE)roots inhibited local iron deficiency responses, aimed to metal uptake from soil, leading to a general lower iron content in theCOPT(OE)seedlings. These results emphasized the importance of appropriate spatiotemporal copper uptake for iron homeostasis under non-optimal copper supply. The understanding of the role of copper uptake in iron metabolism could be applied for increasing crops resistance to iron deficiency. ; This work was supported by grant BIO2017-87828-C2-1-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and by FEDER funds from the European Union. ; Perea-García, A.; Andrés-Bordería, A.; Vera Sirera, FJ.; Perez Amador, MA.; Puig, S.; Peñarrubia, L. (2020). Deregulated High Affinity Copper Transport Alters Iron Homeostasis inArabidopsis. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01106 ; S ; 1 ; 16 ; 11 ; Abdel-Ghany, S. E., Burkhead, J. L., Gogolin, K. A., ...

In contrast to the continuous increase in survival rates for many cancer entities, colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer are predicted to be ranked among the top 3 cancer-related deaths in the European Union by 2025. Especially, fighting metastasis still constitutes an obstacle to be overcome in CRC and pancreatic cancer. As described by Fearon and Vogelstein, the development of CRC is based on sequential mutations leading to the activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. In pancreatic cancer, genetic alterations also attribute to tumour development and progression. Recent findings have identified new potentially important transcription factors in CRC, among those the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). ATF2 is a basic leucine zipper protein and is involved in physiological and developmental processes, as well as in tumorigenesis. The mutation burden of ATF2 in CRC and pancreatic cancer is rather negligible; however, previous studies in other tumours indicated that ATF2 expression level and subcellular localisation impact tumour progression and patient prognosis. In a tissue- and stimulus-dependent manner, ATF2 is activated by upstream kinases, dimerises and induces target gene expression. Dependent on its dimerisation partner, ATF2 homodimers or heterodimers bind to cAMP-response elements or activator protein 1 consensus motifs. Pioneering work has been performed in melanoma in which the dual role of ATF2 is best understood. Even though there is increasing interest in ATF2 recently, only little is known about its involvement in CRC and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the underestimated 'cancer gene chameleon' ATF2 in apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and microRNA regulation and highlight its functions in CRC and pancreatic cancer. We further provide a novel ATF2 3D structure with key phosphorylation sites and an updated overview of all so-far available mouse models to study ATF2 in vivo.

This research was funded by the European Union Framework Program 7, Project BacHBerry [FP7–613793]. The authors also acknowledge support from the Institute Strategic Programmes 'Designing Future Wheat' (BB/P016855/1), 'Understanding and Exploiting Plant and Microbial Secondary Metabolism' (BB/J004596/1) and 'Molecules from Nature' (BB/P012523/1) from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council to the John Innes Centre and the European funded COST ACTION FA1106 QualityFruit. VT, PV and CM have also received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the TomGEM project under grant agreement No. 679796. The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis and interpretation of data nor in writing the manuscript. ; Background: Flavonoids are produced in all flowering plants in a wide range of tissues including in berry fruits. These compounds are of considerable interest for their biological activities, health benefits and potential pharmacological applications. However, transcriptomic and genomic resources for wild and cultivated berry fruit species are often limited, despite their value in underpinning the in-depth study of metabolic pathways, fruit ripening as well as in the identification of genotypes rich in bioactive compounds. Results: To access the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated berry fruit species that accumulate high levels of phenolic compounds in their fleshy berry(-like) fruits, we selected 13 species from Europe, South America and Asia representing eight genera, seven families and seven orders within three clades of the kingdom Plantae. RNA from either ripe fruits (ten species) or three ripening stages (two species) as well as leaf RNA (one species) were used to construct, assemble and analyse de novo transcriptomes. The transcriptome sequences are deposited in the BacHBerryGEN database (http://jicbio.nbi.ac.uk/berries) and were used, as a proof of concept, via its BLAST portal (http://jicbio.nbi.ac.uk/berries/blast.html) to identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds. Genes encoding regulatory proteins of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (MYB and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and WD40 repeat proteins) were isolated using the transcriptomic resources of wild blackberry (Rubus genevieri) and cultivated red raspberry (Rubus idaeus cv. Prestige) and were shown to activate anthocyanin synthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. Expression patterns of candidate flavonoid gene transcripts were also studied across three fruit developmental stages via the BacHBerryEXP gene expression browser (http://www.bachberryexp.com) in R. genevieri and R. idaeus cv. Prestige. Conclusions: We report a transcriptome resource that includes data for a wide range of berry(-like) fruit species that has been developed for gene identification and functional analysis to assist in berry fruit improvement. These resources will enable investigations of metabolic processes in berries beyond the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway analysed in this study. The RNA-seq data will be useful for studies of berry fruit development and to select wild plant species useful for plant breeding purposes. ; publishersversion ; published

13 p.-5 fig.-3 tab. ; Bifunctional FAD synthetases (FADSs) fold in two independent modules; The C-terminal riboflavin kinase (RFK) catalyzes the RFK activity, while the N-terminal FMN-adenylyltransferase (FMNAT) exhibits the FMNAT activity. The search for macromolecular interfaces in the Corynebacterium ammoniagenes FADS (CaFADS) crystal structure predicts a dimer of trimers organization. Within each trimer, a head-to-tail arrangement causes the RFK and FMNAT catalytic sites of the two neighboring protomers to approach, in agreement with active site residues of one module influencing the activity at the other. We analyze the relevance of the CaFADS head-to-tail macromolecular interfaces to stabilization of assemblies, catalysis and ligand binding. With this aim, we evaluate the effect of point mutations in loop L1c-FlapI, loop L6c, and helix α1c of the RFK module (positions K202, E203,F206, D298, V300, E301 and L304), regions at the macromolecular interface between two protomers within the trimer. Although none of the studied residues is critical in the formation and dissociation of assemblies, residues at L1c-FlapI and helix α1c particularly modulate quaternary architecture, as well as ligand binding and kinetic parameters involved with RFK and FMNAT activities. These data support the influence of transient oligomeric structures on substrate accommodation and catalysis at both CaFADS active sites. ; This work has been supported by MINECO, Spain (BIO2013-42978-P and BIO2016-75183-P AEI/FEDER, UE to M.M.) and the Government of Aragon DGA-FEDER (B-18). ; Peer reviewed

International audience ; In essence, the concept of the Triple Helix describes a model of the cooperativerelationship between universities, industry, and government. The purpose of this study is toformulate a conceptual framework for the relationship between institutions in the Triple Helixfor improving the development of innovation capabilities to obtain a high marketingperformance in creative-economy SMEs. The method used in this study is a systematic reviewwith a resource-based view (RBV) perspective based on authoritative, relevant, and up-to-datereference sources. This study attempts to identify the main factors that influence innovationcapabilities and marketing performance and to describe the complexity of various concepts,such as the concepts of intellectual capital, innovation capabilities, and creative economy, tocreate a comprehensive, logical, and methodical conceptual framework. This study contributesto the marketing management literature by developing the Triple Helix model to buildinnovation capabilities and marketing performance. ; Pada intinya konsep Triple Helix menggambarkan model hubungan kerjasama antaraperguruan tinggi, industri, dan pemerintah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merumuskankerangka konseptual hubungan antar institusi dalam Triple Helix untuk meningkatkanpengembangan kapabilitas inovasi guna memperoleh kinerja pemasaran yang tinggi padaUKM ekonomi kreatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tinjauan sistematisdengan perspektif resource-based view (RBV) berdasarkan sumber referensi yang berwibawa,relevan, dan mutakhir. Penelitian ini mencoba mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor utama yangmempengaruhi kapabilitas inovasi dan kinerja pemasaran serta mendeskripsikan kompleksitasberbagai konsep, seperti konsep modal intelektual, kapabilitas inovasi, dan ekonomi kreatif,untuk menciptakan kerangka kerja konseptual yang komprehensif, logis, dan metodis. . Studiini berkontribusi pada literatur manajemen pemasaran dengan mengembangkan model TripleHelix untuk membangun ...

Innovation determines the future of village development. This qualitative case study presents an analysis of village governance best practices in economic, environmental, socio-cultural, and technological aspects. Unlike the majority of villages that duplicate innovation, Panggungharjo was able to develop a genuine innovation through the creation of a village-owned enterprise (BUMDes). This scientific paper concludes that participation and synergy among helixes/subsystems in the quintuple helix innovation model (government, industry, universities, civil society, and the natural environment) determine the success of continuing village innovation. In Panggungharjo village, there were 3 affecting factors in succeeding innovation, there were political and leadership capacity; process and bureaucratic capacity; and social and environmental capacity. The use of the top-down & bottom-up innovative village model was also crucial. As a lesson learned, this study formulated the stages of developing innovative villages. The figure of the village leader played a crucial role in the process of initiating innovation and optimizing the village bureaucracy politically and administratively. A set of development roadmap referring to the national priority of the village development program was fundamental. It is also urgent to maintain coordination among helixes so that village innovation can embrace the potential of the village and influence people's welfare. Keywords: Quintuple Helix, Innovation Model, Village Innovation, Village Development, Innovative Village Model Abstrak Inovasi menjadi penentu arah kemajuan desa. Studi kasus kualitatif instrumental ini menyajikan analisis best practice tata kelola inovasi desa pada aspek ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial-budaya, dan teknologi. Berbeda dengan sebagian besar desa yang melakukan duplikasi inovasi, Desa Panggungharjo mampu mengembangkan inovasi secara mandiri melalui pembentukan BUMDes, sebuah lembaga ekonomi-sosial desa. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi dan sinergi antarsubsistem dalam model inovasi quintuple helix (pemerintah, industri, universitas, masyarakat sipil, dan lingkungan alami) menjadi penentu keberhasilan inovasi desa yang berkelanjutan. Terdapat tiga faktor penentu keberhasilan inovasi, mengacu pada istilah Kepala Desa Panggungharjo, didefinisikan sebagai tiga kapasitas (kompetensi) utama, yaitu; (1) kapasitas politik dan kepemimpinan; (2) kapasitas proses dan birokrasi; (3) kapasitas sosial dan lingkungan. Aspek penting lain yang perlu diperhatikan adalah penerapan model desa inovatif berbasis pendekatan top-down & bottom-up. Studi ini merumuskan tahapan pengembangan desa inovatif sebagai lesson learnt dari kesuksesan inovasi di Desa Panggungharjo. Sosok pemimpin desa memegang peran krusial terutama dalam proses inisiasi program inovasi dan optimalisasi birokrasi desa. Pemerintah desa dituntut untuk mampu menyusun roadmap perencanaan pembangunan desa sesuai arah kebijakan/program prioritas desa dalam lingkup nasional. Sebagai tindak lanjut, pengembangan inovasi harus didasarkan pada koordinasi dan penguatan jaringan kerja sama antar-helix sehingga dapat berimbas pada pemerataan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Quintuple Helix, Model Inovasi, Inovasi Desa, Pembangunan Desa, Model Desa Inovatif

Retrotransposons and retroviruses share similar intracellular life cycles and major encoded proteins, but retrotransposons lack the envelope (env) critical for infectivity. Retrotransposons are ubiquitous and abundant in plants and active retroviruses are known in animals. Although a few env-containing retroelements,gypsy-like Athila, Cyclops, andCalypso and copia-like SIRE-1, have been identified in plants, the general presence and functionality of the domain remains unclear. We show here that env-class elements are present throughout the flowering plants and are widely transcribed. Within the grasses, we show the transcription of the envdomain itself for Bagy-2 and related retrotransposons, all members of the Athila group. Furthermore, Bagy-2transcripts undergo splicing to generate a subgenomic envproduct as do those of retroviruses. Transcription and the polymorphism of their insertion sites in closely related barley cultivars suggests that at least some are propagationally active. The putative ENV polypeptides of Bagy-2 and rice Rigy-2 contain predicted leucine zipper and transmembrane domains typical of retroviral ENVs. These findings raise the prospect of active retroviral agents among the plants. ; C.M.V was supported by Academy of Finland Project 44404, R.K. by the European Union Research Directorate under contract QLK5- 1999-01499, and A.H.S. in part by an Academy of Finland Senior Fellowship. ; Peer reviewed

AbstractUniversities have long been considered key players in regional innovation systems and innovation‐driven regional development. In addition, as part of the quadruple helix, they can play a major role in RIS3 design and implementation by acting as civic universities. This contribution differs depending on external and internal factors as well as their interaction. This paper aims to shed light on the main challenges and drivers experienced by five universities whilst taking part in an Erasmus+ project. Adopting a reflexive narrative approach, it investigates to what extent and how they acted as Civic Universities and what they could learn from this quadruple helix interaction. The results show that, even in their diversity, all universities perceived themselves to have acted as CUs in the context of the project.

"During the COVID-19 pandemic, David Hillis, a professor of Integrative Biology at UT-Austin, started living at his ranch (named the Double Helix; one of his specializations is molecular genetics) in the Hill Country. Spending all of his time in Mason County made him realize how little most people--even those intimately connected to the land--knew about the everyday biology around them. This book aims to show people, in short pieces accompanied by one image, some of the surprising, fascinating, and ecologically valuable things happening around a Hill Country ranch. The opening section covers basic geology, climate, and biology in the region. Sections 2-6 move through various ecosystems, from temporary pools to rivers, grasslands, woodlands, and the backyard. The last two sections return to big ideas-- climate change and land restoration. Many of the pieces are related to the biodiversity and natural beauty of the Hill Country, although Hillis touches on issues as diverse as scientific modeling, epidemics, Texas Longhorn cattle, agriculture, and space"--

Investing more in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and the only way to achieve smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. Smart specialization emerges as a key element for place-based innovation policies. The paper explains the linkage between knowledge creation, innovation output and enhancing regional and national competitiveness. We present the six major steps that every nation/region should follow to establish a smart specialization strategy based on the basic principles as described in the EU Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialization (RIS3), accompanied by some examples of excellence from the Nordic countries. Special emphasis is paid to issues of applying the Quadruple Helix approach in the context of RIS3. This concept extends the triple helix paradigm by presuming that society is a key actor in innovation processes along with academia, industry, and government. The society is frequently the end user of innovation and thus has a strong influence on the generation of knowledge and technologies via its demand and user function. Our analysis allows concluding that a quadruple helix approach is suitable for developing smart specialization strategies despite the greater efforts this entails. There is an urgent need to reconsider measures to keep the momentum generated in the original initiative and demonstrate the value of this exercise. Furthermore, there is a growing need to measure the impact and quantify the value of smart specialization.

Tau protein has been proposed as a trigger of Alzheimer's disease once it is hyperphosphorylated. However, the role that native tau forms play inside the neuronal nucleus remains unclear. In this work we present results concerning the interaction of tau protein with double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, and also with a histone-DNA complex. The tau-DNA interaction results in a structure resembling the beads-on-a-string form produced by the binding of histone to DNA. DNA retardation assays show that tau and histone induce similar DNA retardation. A surface plasmon resonance study of tau-DNA interaction also confirms the minor groove of DNA as a binding site for tau, similarly to the histone binding. A residual binding of tau to DNA in the presence of Distamycin A, a minor groove binder, suggests the possibility that additional structural domains on DNA may be involved in tau interaction. Finally, DNA melting experiments show that, according to the Zipper model of helix-coil transition, the binding of tau increases the possibility of opening the DNA double helix in isolated points along the chain, upon increasing temperature. This behavior is analogous to histones and supports the previously reported idea that tau could play a protective role in stress situations. Taken together, these results show a similar behavior of tau and histone concerning DNA binding, suggesting that post-translational modifications on tau might impair the role that, by modulating the DNA function, might be attributable to the DNA-tau interaction. © 2014-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. ; Spanish Government (SAF2006-02424 and SAF2010-15525) and Comunidad de Madrid (P2009/TIC-1476).

Summarization: Investing more in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and the only way to achieve smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. Smart specialization emerges as a key element for place-based innovation policies. The paper explains the linkage between knowledge creation, innovation output and enhancing regional and national competitiveness. We present the six major steps that every nation/region should follow to establish a smart specialization strategy based on the basic principles as described in the EU Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialization (RIS3), accompanied by some examples of excellence from the Nordic countries. Special emphasis is paid to issues of applying the Quadruple Helix approach in the context of RIS3. This concept extends the triple helix paradigm by presuming that society is a key actor in innovation processes along with academia, industry, and government. The society is frequently the end user of innovation and thus has a strong influence on the generation of knowledge and technologies via its demand and user function. Our analysis allows concluding that a quadruple helix approach is suitable for developing smart specialization strategies despite the greater efforts this entails. There is an urgent need to reconsider measures to keep the momentum generated in the original initiative and demonstrate the value of this exercise. Furthermore, there is a growing need to measure the impact and quantify the value of smart specialization. ; Παρουσιάστηκε στο: Foresight and STI Governance

Sustainable development for transition economies is an opportunity to accelerate and complete socio-economic transformations and at the same time an additional responsibility in situations of instability and uncertainty. The chances for strengthening sustainability are growing within the organized innovation space, which makes it possible to model scenarios of ecologically oriented development and, with the help of state and international support, to start their implementation. The paper aims to analyze the possibilities and directions of creating eco-industrial parks in a transition economy. It uses an innovative helix model in its triple, quadruple and quintuple variations for functioning and sustainable development of industrial parks in Ukraine. The study adopts a descriptive comparative analysis of data on the planning and implementation of economic, primarily environmentally relevant, activities. Based on the analysis and description of exogenous factors, in particular within GEIPP, a SWOT table on the potential of eco-industrial parks was formed. The directions of development of industrial, technological, and scientific parks in Ukraine are determined using the quintuple helix model on the plane of "knowledge-innovation", in particular on quadruple helix transition to sustainability through the simultaneous development of socially oriented and environmental activities. Within the legislation, it is proposed to approve a sustainable form of artificially separated innovation parks, namely the "eco-industrial park". One of the conditions for advanced sustainable development in Ukraine is the creation of a national program to support the transformation of innovation parks into their environmental versions 2.0 and 3.0, as well as investing in greenfield eco-industrial parks.

This paper is interested in raising the question to which extent the epistemological implications of the Mode 3 concept coincide with the respective knowledge understanding. The argumentation focuses on the article from David F. J. Campbell and Elias G. "Mode 3" and "Quadruple Helix": Toward a 21st Century Fractal Innovation Ecosystem (2009) and aims to illuminate it from a theoretical perspective. The starting point is the elaborated basic understanding of knowledge as well as the interpretation of knowledge production.

Intro -- Other Books by This Author -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter One: The Chemistry of Self -- Chapter Two: Birth of a Study -- Chapter Three: Desperately Seeking Twins -- Chapter Four: Cosmic Secrets of Twins -- Chapter Five: Minnesota's Triumphs -- Chapter Six: Two Dogs Named Toy -- Chapter Seven: More Weirdness -- Chapter Eight: Other Behavioral Genetics Studies -- Chapter Nine: Stars of the New Field -- Chapter Ten: The Other End-Searching the DNA -- Chapter Eleven: Moving Right Along the Double Helix -- Chapter Twelve: The Ups and Downs of Human Nature -- Chapter Thirteen: Short and Happy Life of the Tabula Rasa -- Chapter Fourteen: Surviving the Jensen Furor -- Chapter Fifteen: Oh So Political Science -- Chapter Sixteen: Scientists in Denial -- Chapter Seventeen: Violent Crime in the Maryland Woods -- Chapter Eighteen: Conclusions -- Appendix -- Notes.