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The dilemma is where does the International tax policy stand between the edge of new exchange of information and the edge of any other tax solution of equivalent effect or, to put it in another way around, where does the International tax justice stand between the Machiavellian pragmatism to challenge fundamental principles, on one hand, and the deliberative democracy, eventually in a transnational perspective, promoted by Jurgen Habermas, on the other hand. AEOI seems an irreversible trend and none of the countries involved wants to give the impression to suspect on the fairness or effectiveness of its democratic development. The OECD is pressing quite hard on the accelerator, as the last recommendation on the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information demonstrates: the advantage of standardization is process simplification, higher effectiveness and lower costs for all stakeholders concerned. A proliferation of different and inconsistent models would potentially impose significant costs on both government and business to collect the necessary information and operate the different models.

Neue Fragestellungen der monetäre Ökonomik betreffen seit der globalen Finanzmarktkrise sowohl die Erklärung der ungewöhnlichen Konsumentenpreisentwicklung als auch die Untersuchung der Interdependenzen zwischen den Finanzmärkten und der realen Wirtschaftstätigkeit sowie des geldpolitischen Transmissionsprozesses. In dieser Dissertation werden die Fragestellungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Nichtlinearitäten analysiert. Die ersten beiden Beiträge untersuchen die Faktoren der Inflationsdynamik des Euroraums sowie der ASEAN-5-Länder anhand von nichtlinearen Phillips-Kurven und zeigen, dass die Veränderung der Inflationsprozesse bedeutend von den langfristigen Inflationserwartungen beeinflusst wird. Der dritte Beitrag untersucht die Entwicklung des Finanz-Akzelerator-Effektes (FAE) im Hinblick auf die Veränderung des Finanzsektors anhand eines zeitvarianten, strukturellen vektorautoregressiven Modells und zeigt, dass in den USA der FAE ab Anfang der 1990iger Jahre ansteigt. ; Since the global financial crisis, monetary economics new questions include the explanation and response to unusual consumer price developments but also the interdependencies between financial markets and real economic activity and its implication for the monetary policy transmission mechanism. This dissertation investigates these questions by presenting empirical evidence that accounts for non-linearities of the relevant economic relations. The first and second chapters examine inflation dynamics of the Euro area and ASEAN-5 economies using non-linear Phillips curve models. The results suggest that changes in inflation processes are mainly driven by the development of long-term inflation expectations. The third chapter investigates the evolution of the financial accelerator (FA) taking into account the developments of the financial sector. The results of a time-varying structural vector autoregressive model indicate that the FA effect for the USA has increased from the early 1990s. ; vorgelegt von Geraldine Dany-Knedlik

The spallation target is the component coupling the accelerator and the reactor and is regarded as the "heart" of the accelerator driven system (ADS). Heavy liquid metal lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is served as core coolant and spallation material to carry away heat deposition of spallation reaction and produce high flux neutron. So it is very important to study the heat transfer process in the target. In this paper, the steady-state flow pattern has been numerically obtained and taken as the input for the nuclear physics calculation, and then the distribution of the extreme large power density of the heat load is imported back to the computational fluid dynamics as the source term in the energy equation. Through the coupling, the transient and steady-state temperature distribution in the windowless spallation target is obtained and analyzed based on the flow process and heat transfer. Comparison of the temperature distribution with the different beam intensity shows that its shape is the same as broken wing of the butterfly. Nevertheless, the maximum temperature as well as the temperature gradient is different. The results play an important role and can be applied to the further design and optimization of the ADS windowless spallation target.

ABSTRACT This study estimates the determinants of the elasticities of private investment and total investment for the Brazilian economy for the period between 1960 and 2013. It uses a Bayesian model averaging and weighted-average least-squares approach with a flexible accelerator model of investment equation and Kalman filtering techniques. We conclude that the aggregate infrastructure index (taken from the main component analysis) and public investment crowd-in private investment. The results indicate that private investment is constrained by the availability of bank credit. Furthermore, we find that infrastructure stock and public investment are two of the main determinants of the elasticities of private investment. This demonstrates that public investment, mainly in infrastructure, is of great importance in raising the sensitivity of private investment in the Brazilian economy.

WOS: 000439286800004 ; PubMed: 30085775 ; Energy differences between analogue states in the T = 1/2 Mg-23-Na-23 mirror nuclei have been measured along the rotational yrast bands. This allows us to search for effects arising from isospin-symmetrybreaking interactions (ISB) and/or shape changes. Data are interpreted in the shell model framework following the method successfully applied to nuclei in the f(7/2) shell. It is shown that the introduction of a schematic ISB interaction of the same type of that used in the f(7/2) shell is needed to reproduce the data. An alternative novel description, applied here for the first time, relies on the use of an effective interaction deduced from a realistic charge-dependent chiral nucleon-nucleon potential. This analysis provides two important results: (i) The mirror energy differences give direct insight into the nuclear skin; (ii) the skin changes along the rotational bands are strongly correlated with the difference between the neutron and proton occupations of the s(1/2) "halo" orbit. ; European Union [262010 ENSAR, FP7/2007-2013] ; The authors are grateful to the GANIL accelerator team. This work has been financed by the European Union Seventh Framework Program No. FP7/2007-2013 under Grant Agreement No. 262010 ENSAR.

Accelerators are entrepreneurial programs that attempt to help ventures learn, often utilizing extensive consultation with mentors, program directors, customers, guest speakers, alumni, and peers. Although accelerators have rapidly emerged as prominent players in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurs, policy makers, and academics continue to raise questions about their efficacy. Moreover, relevant organizational literature suggests that, even if accelerators are associated with better venture outcomes, results could be due to mechanisms other than learning, such as sorting or signaling. Drawing on mixed empirical methods that include proprietary data on the ventures accepted and "almost accepted" to a set of top accelerators, we find evidence that some, but not all, of the early accelerators we study substantially aid and accelerate venture development. We also find some evidence of sorting dynamics. These findings are corroborated using an auxiliary quantitative data set constructed from publicly observable data. Complementary qualitative fieldwork suggests a key driver of these accelerator effects is a novel learning mechanism we label broad, intensive, and paced consultation. The implication of these insights is that the practices of early accelerators represent a beneficial and likely replicable form of intervention that may also have relevance for independent entrepreneurs, educational programs, and corporate innovation.

In the present scenario of pulse power applications, transmission of high voltage pulses varies as per load condition. In the early days of its application, High Voltage High Pulse Power Supply (HVHPPS) design saw short distance between load and source, where the effect of cable length was not taken into account for design. This paper presents the effect of cable length on pulse shape of High Voltage High Pulse Power Supply. The load under observation is Klystron based high energy particle accelerator system. The performance of pulse power systems were observed continuously on a daily basis throughout the year and detailed analysis was carried out. This paper generates the model of pulse forming system and provides details of pattern distortion of the pulse shape due to various dynamic parameter changes i.e. impedance, Load Voltage, Load Current, Cavity Dimensional Changes (Microwave components) due to temperature variations and performance of the power supply. The results were analysed and validated with hardware results across a range of actual industrial loads.

In this paper we propose an Open Economy Financial Accelerator model along the lines of Greenwald-Stiglitz (1993) close in spirit but different in many respects from the one proposed by Greenwald (1998.) The first goal of the paper is to provide a taxonomy of the effects of a devaluation in this context. The direct (first round) effect on output, taking as given net worth and interest rate, is negative for domestic firms (due to the input cost effect) and positive for exporting firms (due to a positive foreign debt effect). The indirect (second round) wealth effect (on output through net worth, taking as given the interest rate) is uncertain, depending on the relative size of the domestic and exporting firms. There is also an indirect effect on output through the response of the domestic interest rate to a devaluation due to the risk premium effect. Due to the uncertainty on the sign of most of these effects, it is difficult to assess the overall impact of a devaluation. One cannot rule out, however, an economy-wide contractionary effect of a devaluation. If the devaluation affects negatively the net worth of domestic firms, the domestic interest rate may rise (due to the risk premium effect), exerting an additional contractionary impact on output. If, on top of that, the monetary authorities force a further increase of the interest rate in an effort to curb the exchange rate, the contractionary effect will be emphasized.

This paper investigates the effects of a fiscal stimulus when financial frictions and a liquidity trap are present. These two conditions make a government spending expansion and a reduction in capital income taxes more efficient in stimulating output. In contrast, a reduction in labor income taxes may aggravate the economic conditions. In addition, small implementation delays in government spending may result in big spending multipliers in the short run. All of these results rely partly on the dynamic interaction between inflation and the external finance premium. Lastly, simulations of the ARRA stimulus package predict that the output gains due to the presence of financial frictions may lie between 1.3 % and 2.5 % of GDP.

This paper investigates the effects of a fiscal stimulus when financial frictions and a liquidity trap are present. These two conditions make a government spending expansion and a reduction in capital income taxes more efficient in stimulating output. In contrast, a reduction in labor income taxes may aggravate the economic conditions. In addition, small implementation delays in government spending may result in big spending multipliers in the short run. All of these results rely partly on the dynamic interaction between inflation and the external finance premium. Lastly, simulations of the ARRA stimulus package predict that the output gains due to the presence of financial frictions may lie between 1.3 % and 2.5 % of GDP.

This paper investigates the effects of a fiscal stimulus when financial frictions and a liquidity trap are present. These two conditions make a government spending expansion and a reduction in capital income taxes more efficient in stimulating output. In contrast, a reduction in labor income taxes may aggravate the economic conditions. In addition, small implementation delays in government spending may result in big spending multipliers in the short run. All of these results rely partly on the dynamic interaction between inflation and the external finance premium. Lastly, simulations of the ARRA stimulus package predict that the output gains due to the presence of financial frictions may lie between 1.3 % and 2.5 % of GDP.

This paper investigates the effects of a fiscal stimulus when financial frictions and a liquidity trap are present. These two conditions make a government spending expansion and a reduction in capital income taxes more efficient in stimulating output. In contrast, a reduction in labor income taxes may aggravate the economic conditions. In addition, small implementation delays in government spending may result in big spending multipliers in the short run. All of these results rely partly on the dynamic interaction between inflation and the external finance premium. Lastly, simulations of the ARRA stimulus package predict that the output gains due to the presence of financial frictions may lie between 1.3 % and 2.5 % of GDP.