The author makes an attempt to analyze the methods and mechanisms of the actualization of ethnic identity in the regions of Volga Federal District. The working hypothesis is the thesis that a big political project is necessary for a successful actualization of ethnic identity. Three examples are used as the argument - successful use of ethnic identity in Tatarstan, the unsuccessful attempt to actualize the ethnic identity of the Bashkirs, and the long-term Finno-Ugric project, which is oriented to the future. The main conclusion of the paper is that a strong connection exists between the process of actualization of ethnic identity in the regions of Volga Federal District and questions of national security. Any attempt to use ethnic identity for political aims brings threat to the political system of the Russian Federation.
Shipping list no.: 87-450-P. ; Title from cover. ; Vols. for May 14, 1985- issues cumulate from v. 18. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Indexes: United States. Federal Labor Relations Authority. Decisions of the Federal Labor Relations Authority.
The article features the reforms of the federal structure in the 1990s and the development of the Treaty of Federation in 1992. It focuses on the practices of federal relations that appeared in the post-Soviet period both in terms of the interaction between the Federal Center and the regional elites and in the context of the classical federalism. The authors described the factors that hindered the signing of the Federal Treaty, as well as the resources the regional elite used to affect the Center. They revealed the opposite views on the concept of federal structure expressed by national and territorial subjects of the Russian Federation and described their attempts to reach a compromise in the redistribution of powers. The research objective was to determine to what degree the Center was responsible for the content of the Treaty of Federation as the regional self-identification was gaining strength and the system of center-regional interaction was changing. The authors also highlighted the role of certain social groups on the development of federal relations, showed how the actions of the Center improved its positions, and identified historical facts that predetermined the asymmetry of the Treaty of Federation. The authors believed that the new model of federal relations was a compromise between the interests of the regional elites and the central government. However, it also strengthened the positions of the Federal Center and legalized the asymmetric nature of its relations with the regions. The research was based on general scientific methods and such historical research tools as comparative and systematic methods. It also involved such interdisciplinary methods as the historical-legal and the comparative analysis of legal documents. ; Статья посвящена истории разработки Федеративного договора 1992 г. Формирующиеся в постсоветский период практики построения федеративных отношений рассматриваются, с одной стороны, с точки зрения взаимодействия федерального центра и региональных элит, а с другой – в контексте теоретических постулатов классического федерализма. Особое внимание уделено факторам, препятствовавшим разработке и подписанию Федеративного договора, а также ресурсам целевого воздействия на Центр со стороны региональной элиты. Выявлены противоречия во взглядах на концепцию федеративного устройства среди представителей национальных и территориальных субъектов Федерации. Объект исследования – процесс реформирования федеративного устройства России в 1990-е гг. Предмет – деятельность органов государственной власти Российской Федерации центрального и регионального уровней по поиску компромисса в вопросах перераспределения полномочий. Цель – определить степень влияния Центра на содержание Федеративного договора в период усиления региональной самоидентификации и перехода к новому способу решения вопросов федеративного значения во взаимодействии Центра и регионов. Задачи: 1) выявление и учет степени влияния социальных интересов определенных групп на развитие федеративных отношений в период разработки Федеративного договора 1992 г.; 2) установление связи между действиями Центра и укреплением его позиций; 3) выявление исторических фактов, предопределивших асимметричность Федеративного договора. В работе применялись общенаучные методы; специальные методы исторического исследования: историко-сравнительный и историко-системный; методы междисциплинарного характера: историко-правовой метод, метод сравнительного анализа правовых документов. Сделан вывод, что в ходе поиска и институционализации новой модели федеративных отношений в России, с одной стороны, был найден компромисс между интересами региональных элит и центрального руководства, с другой – произошло укрепление позиций федерального центра и легализация асимметричного характера взаимоотношений с регионами.
The political position of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is influenced by a wide range of powers of the head of state. The purpose of the article was to analyse the political position of the Federal Assembly in Russia. The main research problem concerns the question: to what extent the strong political position of the head of state in Russian Federation deprives the parliament of political significance? The main hypothesis is that a wide range of powers of the president in Russia contributes to the large reduction of political position of the parliament depriving it of political significance in the system of the highest state authorities. A theoretical approach to the category of depriving parliament of the political significance and analysis of the interactions between the head of state and the parliament allow us to resolve a research problem. It is worth mentioning that the issue of the political system of the Russian Federation and the constitutional principles of state functioning has been repeatedly raised by Polish and foreign researchers. Within the framework of a short article, it is impossible to name all the researchers and refer to the presented findings. However, to mention only a few, among others, these were Aslund (2007), Bartnicki (2007), Bäcker (2007), Czajowski (2001), Holzer & Balik (2009), Szewcowa (1999), Stelmach (2003), Skrzypek (2014), Słowikowski (2018), Zieliński (1995, 2005), and Zaleśny ( 2010, 2012). Taking into account the research problem posed and the fact that the subject of the research was the systemic position of the Russian parliament and to determine whether and to what extent measures have been taken in Russia to deprive it of its political significance by operationalizing a new category, this translated into the process of narrowing the scope and making a selection of sources. Therefore, the authors, using the method of content analysis, focused mainly on primary sources.
This issues paper examines the arrangements and institutions underpinning Australia's Federation, including the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) and financial arrangements between the Commonwealth and the States and Territories. It asks questions to prompt discussion on possible options for reform. INTRODUCTION On 10 October 2014, the Council of Australian Governments (COAG): . acknowledged the importance of the federal system to Australia's success as a nation. It supported a collegial approach to reviewing current arrangements with a view to reducing overlap and duplication in roles and responsibilities between governments and working together better in areas of shared responsibilities. COAG agreed that clearer lines of reporting and accountability to the public should result in better education, health and other social and economic outcomes for Australians and more efficient and lower cost service delivery . whilst this could involve significant reform in some areas, it would ensure taxpayer funds are better targeted and they deliver better results for the Australian people. 1 For over a century Australia's Federation has worked well and delivered stability and economic prosperity. However, a significant proportion of Australians do not believe our current system of government works well. Increasing overlap between the roles and responsibilities of all levels of government over recent decades has undermined the efficiency and effectiveness of our Federation.2 Hence, the Prime Minister and the Premiers and Chief Ministers have agreed that the Reform of the Federation White Paper should focus firmly on clarifying roles and responsibilities between different spheres of government and the need for all levels of government to coordinate action to ensure the best possible results for citizens. Any reform in this area has to lead to an improvement in how governments perform for their citizens. A reallocation of roles and responsibilities that is no more than a bureaucratic tidy-up will be a waste of time, ...
