Suchergebnisse

Adolescents commonly make new social connections online that sometimes result in face-to-face meetings. Despite potential benefits, risk-focused discourse dominates public debates and shapes information shared by sources important for adolescents—news media, preventive programs, peers, parents, and teachers. Our study examines how information about face-to-face meetings from these sources relates to adolescents' risk perception and engagement in such meetings. Using a sample of 707 Czech adolescents (aged 11–16 years, 46% male), we analyzed these effects for male and female adolescents to reflect the gendered nature of the risk-focused discourse. Male adolescents' risk perception was not affected by information from any source. Female adolescents' risk perception was negatively affected by information peers with prior experience with face-to-face meetings but not by other information sources. Female adolescents also perceived face-to-face meetings as riskier in general. We discuss gender differences and the limited impact of information sources on risk perception and provide practical recommendations.

Anonymity on the Internet is a contentious issue; by some seen as an important freedom to be protected, while others argue for increased identification to protect groups at risk of exploitation. The debate reflects a dichotomous view of online anonymity; you are, or you are not anonymous. However, anonymity is a complex process played out on different levels and defined by various actors. While empirical studies show this, theoretical synthesis is lacking. This essay provides perspective on anonymity online by comparing two critical cases, online auctions and online gaming, we corroborate results from a 4-year interdisciplinary project with researchers from sociology, economics, and computer and system sciences. We argue that one should talk about anonymities in plural form, as online anonymity is not a state but a relational process. We put forth a conceptual model, which unpacks online anonymity as interdependent macro structures – legal, commercial, and technological – and micro/meso facets – factual, social group, and physical – to be used in future research.

The purpose of the study. In this article, based on the analysis of constitutional and legal provisions and theoretical sources, the law-making function of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia is considered. The purpose of the study was to identify the content of the legislative function of the Ombudsman, as well as to develop proposals and recommendations aimed at modernizing the constitutional and legal regulation of the designated function of the Commissioner. Conclusions. In the course of the study, it is concluded that it is advisable to give the right of legislative initiative to those commissioners who are appointed by legislative (representative) bodies at both the federal and regional levels, regardless of whether they perform the functions of "general competence" or belong to specialized ombudsmen. It is noted that the function of the Ombudsman to improve legislation (legislative function) in the field of human rights is important in the process of eliminating shortcomings and gaps in existing legislative acts and bringing them into line with international standards.

This study aimed to look into Turkish learners' examples of success and failure, and attributions to their perceived achievements and failures in learning English as a foreign language. Data were collected from 41 students majoring in physics, metallurgy engineering and paramedics at a public university in Turkey. An open-ended questionnaire was translated into Turkish and delivered to the students to obtain data. Research findings firstly showed that one-third of the participants did not recount an example of success or failure, which might point out learners' lack of self-awareness and self-assessment. Furthermore, their examples of success and failure mainly were grade-oriented. This finding might display the influence of the Turkish educational system focusing on academic achievement which is primarily evaluated by exam results. Secondly, students were found to attribute both their achievements and failures to effort as an internal and controllable factor. Another important factor was found to be motivation; hence the importance of motivating university students who claimed their own responsibility for success and failure arises.

Abstract Taking Poland as a case study, this article examines the sociological and historical-institutional factors that determine the relationship between the process of medical professionalisation and reproductive rights in transitional societies. Focusing on three periods in Polish history, (a) Partition era (1772–1918), (b) the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), and (c) the post-war period (1945–1989), it identifies ruptures and continuities that have shaped the development of the Polish medical profession and its attitude towards abortion care today. Using insights from feminist historical institutionalism, abortion studies, and the sociology of professions, the article applies the concept of 'dialectical transformations' to explain institutional and policy reproduction and change over time. It shows how professional and legal institutions are often transferred from one systemic context to another by individuals or organisations whose positions move from opposition to dominance. Understanding such processes is especially important in light of the retrenchment of reproductive rights across the globe.

Entre el 20 de abril y el 3 de mayo de 1936, las dos semanas que separan la fecha prevista, y luego abortada, para el golpe militar diseñado por la Junta de Generales y la segunda vuelta electoral en Cuenca, la trama golpista contra el Gobierno de la República se recompuso. El presente artículo estudia el proceso que llevó a convertir una convocatoria electoral de una provincia del interior, sin apenas trascendencia parlamentaria, en un acontecimiento que centró no solo el foco político nacional, sino también el militar. Aunque es un episodio histórico conocido, la novedad que se ofrece aquí estriba en el enfoque, pues lo inserta, por un lado, en el debate sobre el supuesto fraude electoral y, por otro, y lo que es más importante, le concede una dimensión que sobrepasa sus perfiles sociológicos y politológicos. Sus urnas escondían un señuelo para reconducir el golpe contra la democracia republicana. Las botas importaban en esa coyuntura más que los votos.

Political theorists affiliated with Latin American and Caribbean academic institutions rarely publish in flagship journals or other important outlets of the discipline. Similarly, they are not members of the editorial boards of high-ranking, generalist or subfield journals, and their research is not included in the political theory canon of what students from other regions study. The aim of this article is not to explain the origins of this silence—though some possibilities are considered—but to describe some of the ways in which it manifests and why it matters. I argue that the exclusion or omission of Latin American and Caribbean voices is a negative outcome not only for Latin American and Caribbean political theorist but for the political theory subfield at large. In response, I defend a context-sensitive approach to political theory, which has the potential to provide greater voice to Latin American and Caribbean scholars while improving theoretical analysis of Latin America and Caribbean.

Resumen
A finales de agosto de 1941, fue designado Li Dijun (李迪俊) como el primer Enviado Extraordinario y Ministro Plenipotenciario de China en Venezuela. Li, arribó a Caracas a inicios de 1943 y presentó formalmente sus Cartas Credenciales al presidente Isaías Medina Angarita (1941–1945) el 13 de abril. Asimismo, instaló la Legación de China en la capital del país caribeño, quedando formalizadas de esta manera las relaciones binacionales. Ahora bien, previo a este importante hecho histórico, existe un antecedente no menos trascendente que obedece a la creación de una efímera sede consular venezolana en la ciudad de Shanghai en 1936, para la cual fue designado como Cónsul General, el 22 de julio, el poeta y escritor José Miguel Ferrer. En tal sentido, nuestro objetivo es, a través del método histórico-documental, analizar los orígenes de la presencia diplomática venezolana en China, a través de lo que fue la referida sede consular entre 1936 y 1938.

Coagulation-flocculation is an important step for the treatment of drinking water obtained from surface water sources. Various types of flocculants are available in the drinking water treatment market but only some of them are friendly for the environment due to their specific structure, which includes natural compounds. Starch-based flocculants are included in this category and some types of them were tested in our research work, in similar conditions with ordinary polyelectrolytes, in order to prove their efficiencies for turbidity and organic load (COD-Mn) removal. Five types of flocculants based on starch and acrylamide were tested during the classic treatment flow coagulation-flocculation-settling with aluminum sulfate as coagulant (1-10 mg Al/L) and 0.5-10 mL/L flocculant dose (0.2% active substance). Better removal efficiencies of turbidity and organic load (COD-Mn) in case of flocculants based on starch and acrylamide copolymers: over 99% for turbidity and ~90% for COD-Mn in case of 300-400 NTU initial surface water turbidity were registered.

Social service providers in a variety of sectors have struggled to consistently engage nonresident fathers in service provision. A growing body of research indicates that practitioner characteristics and attitudes may help increase retention and engagement among this group of men. These findings coincide with recent mandates from federal policy makers to increase engagement of nonresident fathers in family-centered practice approaches. A central tenet of interest within this framework is the family–professional relationship. Using a collaborative competencies model, the current study seeks to advance this line of research by investigating practitioners' perceptions of their preparedness to engage nonresident fathers. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were completed with 20 social service practitioners who have experience working with nonresident fathers. A directed content analysis revealed key aspects of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and professional collaborative competencies that practitioners believe are important to facilitate meaningful father engagement. Implications for practice and future research regarding effective social work practice with nonresident fathers are discussed.

Abstract
In the late 1970s, after the tumultuous period of the Cultural Revolution, the policy of the government of the People's Republic of China (prc) in terms of scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with the United States changed from rejection and exclusion to active participation and promotion. In this process, ideas and views played an important role. The outlook of the Chinese leadership and particularly Deng Xiaoping on science redefined China's national interests, turning the promotion of Sino-U.S. science and technology cooperation into an active policy of the Chinese government. During the 1970s, the two countries conducted large-scale intergovernmental cooperation in the field of civil science and technology, signed the agreement on scientific and technological cooperation and dozens of memorandums of understanding and protocols, and finally, in 1979, established a long-term scientific and technological cooperation system. The article explores Sino-American relations through the prism of scientific and technological cooperation, showing how this contributed to creating long-term friendly relations beyond other high politics issues.

AbstractRecent survey research has revealed a 'devolution paradox': some citizens who favour stronger regional governments inconsistently desire policy uniformity across regions and state‐wide intervention in policy provision. It is argued and empirically shown that preferences for regional authority can be broken down into preferences for self‐rule – that is, for autonomy for the region – and for shared rule – that is, for collaboration between regional and national governments. Drawing upon the International Constitutional Values Survey, which includes 4,930 respondents from 142 regions in eight countries, it is also shown that preferences for self‐rule and shared rule have different impacts. Preferences for self‐rule translate into a preference for regional reform that strengthens regional autonomy, whereas preferences for shared rule drive preferences for fiscal transfers from richer to poorer regions. These results are important because they can explain why citizens who are in favour of more regional authority may support an apparently 'paradoxical' set of policy outcomes.

Cet article analyse la répartition des tâches domestiques au sein des couples selon le statut matrimonial. Il montre l'évolution de la division sexuée du travail en France à partir des enquêtes Emploi du temps (1985, 1998, et 2009). En 1985 et 1998, les femmes mariées réalisaient une part plus importante des tâches domestiques que les femmes vivant en union libre. Les différences de caractéristiques observées entre les couples mariés et en union libre expliquent cet écart en 1985, tandis qu'à la fin des années 1990, les couples cohabitants adoptent un mode d'organisation moins inégalitaire que les couples mariés toutes choses égales par ailleurs. En 2009, la part moyenne du temps consacré aux tâches domestiques incombant aux femmes est à peu près la même pour les couples en union libre et mariés (à savoir 72 % et 73,5 %), mais elle est significativement plus faible pour les couples pacsés (65,1 %). Ce résultat peut s'expliquer par un processus d'autosélection des couples fondé sur leurs valeurs liées au genre, le pacs attirant des couples adhérant à des valeurs plus égalitaires.

The politics of concepts. Polish National Democrats and the concept of politics in early 20th century The article undertakes a conceptual analysis of the concept of politics in political writings of Polish National Democracy in the turn of 19th and 20th century. I argue, that due democratization and modernization, it was a time of conceptual change and emergence of modern social and political concepts in Polish. Drawing from conceptual history and rhetorical analysis of topoi, used to express the concept of politics, I investigate National Democratic invention in conceptual rendition of politics. The two major kinds of topoi are: temporal (politics as action); and spatial (politics as sphere). An investigation into their mutual relationshi passists understanding of a major change in National Democratic political thought and practice in that heated period. The gradual prevalence of spatial conceptualization and accompanying depoliticization of political enemies was an important factor in the process of sliding into authoritarian, antidemocratic and elitist understanding of politics among National Democrats in the forthcoming years.

No âmbito da análise de viabilidade econômica de projetos, conhecimentos acerca das diversas maneiras de se mensurar o retorno do capital investido em um empreendimento é imprescindível para auxiliar a tomada de decisão. Um dos métodos mais tradicionais para isso é o cálculo da Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), amplamente difundido e utilizado há décadas. Entretanto, se faz necessário considerar as restrições para sua aplicação, que foram estudadas e discutidas. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a evolução das discussões acerca da aplicabilidade da TIR, suas limitações e principais vantagens da sua aplicação, buscando embasar o leitor para a utilização da referida técnica. Para isto, contempla uma revisão bibliográfica pontuando os avanços no estudo sobre o tema que, de alguma maneira, contribuíram para as definições atuais acerca do método. Com isso, pode-se concluir que, embora os estudos aqui citados apontem para a consistência do método, é importante ressaltar a importância de sua combinação com outras técnicas, visando estabelecer uma análise que englobe as singularidades de cada projeto.