Suchergebnisse

The result of an effective management of the redistribution of European Union funds should be a reduction of disparities between EU regions by guaranteeing their comprehensive and harmonious development and supporting the economic and social cohesion of member countries. A poorly-conducted programming process of financial interventionism, the source of which is EU funds, may result in divergence between regions, the direct effect of which would be their social and economic marginalisation. For this reason, it is important to skillfully manage those funds. The main aim of this article is to present the factors affecting the decision-making process of the use of EU co-financing, and that includes the pandemic as an external variable being a threat to the implementation of investments from the EU's structural funds. To explain the multivariate associations between explanatory variables and the binary outcome variables, logistic regression was employed. Based on the tests' results, significant associations were observed between the dependent variable and (a) participation in training co-financed by EU funds, (b) receiving information regarding additional EU funds as pandemic support, and (c) the suspension of planned investments using EU funds due to the pandemic situation. A comprehensive distribution of respondents according to the response categories in the analysed variables within the entire sample (N = 950) was presented. Corresponding associations were evident within a sub-sample (N = 303). The model showed that all significant independent variables explain the use of EU funds, but the model explains just 28.6% of the decision to use the funds. Thus, the following study indicates directions that require further research.

From the establishment of NATO in 1949, Western Europe has been under Anglo-American tutelage in military and security matters. Several countries, most notably France and (since reunification) Germany, have experienced this as a hindrance to the pursuit of their particular interests. Since 2008, the European Commission has actively joined the quest for ""strategic autonomy"" within NATO. The elections of Donald Trump and Emmanuel Macron in 2016-17 further widened the Atlantic rift, while the COVID-19 crisis with its colossal economic costs has, in turn, exacerbated the already worsening geopol

The article deals with the analysis of the problems of ICT application in education sphere in European Union. Particularly the article is about the pupils and teachers access to electronic means and Internet, as well as about ICT place in the school curricula. ; Статья посвящена анализу проблем информатизации образования в странах Европейского Союза, в особенности, доступу учеников и педагогов к электронным средствам обучения, сети Интернет. Подано информацию о месте ИКТ в содержании образования общеобразовательных учебных заведений. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу проблем інформатизації освіти в країнах Європейського Союзу, зокрема, доступу учнів та педагогів до електронних засобів навчання, мережі Інтернет. Подано інформацію щодо місця ІКТ в змісті освіти загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу проблем інформатизації освіти в країнах Європейського Союзу, зокрема, доступу учнів та педагогів до електронних засобів навчання, мережі Інтернет. Подано інформацію щодо місця ІКТ в змісті освіти загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів.

Unique in its breadth, this book undertakes a comparative analysis of the ways in which legal systems in all regions of the world deal with agreed sums payable upon breach of an obligation. The book shows divergences and convergences and indicates trends as to the future development of the law. It also deals with the treatment of agreed sums under the 1980 UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), offering the first comprehensive solution to this issue based on comparative analysis. For practitioners as well as researchers, this book is a valuable source of information and offers suggestions for solutions to current and future issues.

Defence date: 05 September 2017 ; Examining Board: Prof. Hans-W. Micklitz (EUI Supervisor); Prof. Giorgio Monti, European University Institute; Prof. Mads Andenas, University of Oslo; Prof. Takis Tridimas, King's College London ; The thesis examines the role of private law and private enforcement in the post crisis EU retail financial markets. Whilst private law and private enforcement have been traditionally regarded as 'foreign bodies' in EU financial regulation, the thesis argues that after the global financial crisis, private law and private enforcement, through courts and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms, have become essential tools to compensate retail clients against mis-selling and mitigate systemic risk. To substantiate this argument, the thesis analyzes how the national and EU supervisory authorities, ADRs and courts, in Italy, Spain, France and UK, have interpreted and enforced the EU investor protection regulation (conduct, product and disclosure rules) before and after the global financial crisis. This institutional and comparative analysis shows that the EU regulatory duties, via regulation, 'administrative rule-making', out-of-court dispute resolution and litigation, increasingly influence the interpretation of national private law (Europeanization) and determine its consequent instrumentalization to achieve a high level of investor protection and ensure the stability of the financial market. The thesis argues that this form of instrumentalization has led to the creation of private law remedies and procedures which, albeit based on national law, have become tools to ensure the effective protection of the EU-derived rights (hybridization). After the crisis, the process of hybridization is driven not only by the investor protection objective but also by the financial stability objective which can determine a limitation of the private law law rights and remedies of the investor vis-à-vis the financial firm in order to mitigate the systemic risk, arising, in particular, from vexatious litigation. The thesis discusses the complex relationship between the investor protection and the financial stability objectives of EU financial regulation and examines the extent financial stability concerns can lead to a limitation of the investors rights and remedies in financial disputes.

This paper compares legislative dynamics under all procedures in which the Council of Ministers votes by qualified majority (QMV). We make five major points. First, the EU governments have sought to reduce the democratic deficit by increasing the powers of the European Parliament since 1987, whereas they have lessened the legislative influence of the Commission. Under the Amsterdam treaty's version of the codecision procedure, the Parliament is a co-equal legislator with the Council, whereas the Commission's influence is likely to be more informal than formal. Second, as long as the Parliament acts as a pro-integration entrepreneur, policy outcomes under consultation, cooperation & the new codecision will be more integrationist than the QMV-pivot in the Council prefers. Third, the pace of European integration may slow down if MEPs become more responsive to the demands of their constituents. Fourth, the EU is evolving into a bicameral legislature with a heavy status quo bias. Not only does the Council use QMV but absolute majority voting requirements & high levels of absenteeism create a de facto supermajority threshold for Parliamentary decisions. Finally, if the differences between the Council & the Parliament concern regulation issues on a traditional left-right axis, the Commission is more likely to be the ally of the Council than the Parliament. 2 Figures, 36 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd.]

"Ranging from influence over world trade laws affecting health to population health issues such as obesity to the use of comparative data to affect policy, the EU's public health policies are increasingly important, visible, expensive and effective. They also provide an invaluable case study for those who want to understand the growth and impact of the EU as well as how states can affect their populations' lives and health. European Union Public Health Policy capitalizes on extensive new research, providing an introduction to the topic and indicating new intellectual directions surrounding the topic. An introductory section and extended conclusion explore the meaning of public health, the relationship of EU public health policy to health care policy, and the place of public health in the study of European integration and Europeanization. Divided into three substantive parts, focusing on health system transformation, global health governance and population health, the chapters each address: Relevant policy issues and EU policies; Effects of the EU policies on practice or outcomes; An explanation of the policy trajectory; Current issues and likely future directions or conflicts. Drawing together an international and multidisciplinary selection of experts, this volume is an important contribution for all those interested in public health policy, EU health policy and EU governance"--Provided by publisher

Die erste Kommentierung zur Europäischen Grundrechtecharta! Die Grundrechtecharta wird ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der künftigen Verfassung der Europäischen Union werden. Sie beinhaltet die Grundrechte und Freiheiten aller Bürger Europas, die bislang noch in verschiedenen nationalen, europäischen und internationalen Verträgen geregelt sind. Damit ist die Basis für eine nicht nur wirtschaftliche und politische, sondern auch werteorientierte europäische Gemeinschaft geschaffen. Unsere nationale Rechtsordnung muss sich somit schon jetzt auf Änderungen im Gefüge der Grundrechte, im Verhältnis von Grundgesetz und Grundrechtecharta und der Interpretation durch das BverfG einstellen. Der EuGH und der EGMR werden die Charta künftig bei ihrer Rechtsprechung berücksichtigen. Der vorliegende Kommentar erläutert alle Artikel anhand ihrer Entstehungsgeschichte interpretiert sie für die Anwendung in der Praxis berücksichtigt die spezifischen Übersetzungsprobleme in 11 Amtssprachen und bezieht den schon vorliegenden, für die Interpretation unverzichtbaren Protokollband von Bernsdorff/Borowsky mit ein. Der Herausgeber, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Meyer, hat als Delegierter des Deutschen Bundestages in beiden Konventen federführend mitgewirkt. Die Autoren sind ausgewiesene Sachkenner der komplizierten Materie. Fazit: Eine unverzichtbare Kommentierung für Wissenschaft und Praxis! Die Autoren: Dr. Norbert Bernsdorff, Niedersächsisches Justizministerium, Hannover Dr. Martin Borowsky, Maître en droit (Aix-en-Provence), Richter am Landgericht, Erfurt Prof. Dr. Albin Eser, Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht, Freiburg Dr. Sven Hölscheidt, Privatdozent, Berlin Prof. Dr. Siegfried Magiera, Deutsche Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften, Speyer Prof. Dr. Jürgen Meyer, Delegierter des Deutschen Bundestages im Verfassungskonvent der Europäischen Union, Berlin Prof. Dr. Eibe Riedel, Universität Mannheim