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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Boxes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Basis: Past Climate Observations and Methods -- 2.1 Observations of Weather and Climate -- 2.2 Historical Climate Observations -- 2.2.1 Documentary and Early Instrumental Data -- 2.2.2 From National Weather Services to a Global Observing System -- 2.3 Upper-Air and Satellite Observations -- 2.4 Data Dissemination in the Course of Time -- 2.5 Uncertainties in Climatic Data -- 2.5.1 Uncertainties and Errors in Measurement Series -- 2.5.2 Inhomogeneities and Homogenisation -- 2.5.3 The Chain of Uncertainties -- 2.6 Data Products and Dynamical-Statistical Methods -- 2.6.1 Spatial Information and Geostatistical Methods -- 2.6.2 Data Assimilation and Reanalyses -- 2.7 Climate Models -- 2.7.1 Characteristics of Climate Models -- 2.7.2 Types of Climate Models and Experiments -- 2.7.3 Downscaling, Nudging, and Other Techniques -- 2.8 Palaeoclimate Information and Techniques -- 2.8.1 Climate Proxies -- 2.8.2 Problems Arising When Working with Proxies -- 2.8.3 Calibration and Modelling of Proxies -- 2.8.4 Climate Reconstructions -- 2.8.5 Data Assimilation in Palaeoclimatology -- 2.9 Datasets Used in This Book -- 2.9.1 Overview -- 2.9.2 Observations and Reanalyses -- 2.9.3 Model Simulations -- 2.9.4 Reconstructions and Offline Assimilation -- 2.9.5 Conclusions -- 3 The Machinery: Mechanisms Behind Climatic Changes -- 3.1 Basic Climate Physics: The Mean State -- 3.1.1 Energy Budget and Heat Transport -- 3.1.1.1 Global-Mean Fluxes -- 3.1.1.2 Spatial View of Heat Transport -- 3.1.2 The General Circulation of the Atmosphere -- 3.1.2.1 The Zonally Symmetric Circulation -- 3.1.2.2 The Zonally Asymmetric Circulation -- 3.1.2.3 The Weather Scale -- 3.1.2.4 Energy Transport -- 3.1.3 Stratospheric Circulation -- 3.1.3.1 Demarcation and Zonal-Mean Circulation.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- Factors Internal to the Discipline -- The Universities and the Funding Agencies -- Broader Societal Influences -- References -- PART I: PROBLEM-CENTERED RESEARCH IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY -- 2 Some Reflections Upon Losing Our Social Psychological Purity -- The Change in Perspective -- The Applied Orientation -- Fitting the Theory to the Data -- The World Is a Theoretical Bazaar -- Applied Social Psychology Is Like Eating Salted Peanuts -- What We Did: A Reprise -- Exerting Social Influence upon Society -- Some Implications for Training -- Some Serendipitous Cocktail Party Benefits -- Appendix -- References -- 3 Transforming Experimental Research into Advocacy for Social Change -- The Experience of Imprisonment -- Method -- Procedure -- Results -- Discovery -- Advocacy -- References -- 4 Studies of Societal Influences: Problems and Implications -- The Impact of Television on Children and Young People -- Follow-Up Study from Adolescence to Adulthood -- Implications for the Discipline of Social Psychology -- References -- 5 Effectiveness of Social Support for Stressful Decisions -- The Problem -- Epilogue: Some Implications for Research and Training in Social Psychology -- References -- 6 Is Aircraft Noise Harming People? -- Reactions to Aircraft Noise, Its Place in Empirical Research, and Applications -- Some Characteristics in Planning and Executing the Project -- Results -- A Case of Sociotechnological Application of Science -- Conclusions -- References -- PART II: USING SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY AS A PRACTITIONER -- 7 Using Social Psychology to Create a New Plant Culture -- Diagnoses -- Nature of the Innovation -- Process of Designing and Introducing the Innovation -- Beyond the One Plant Intervention.

Currently, we are witnessing a «border game» with participants on a global scale. The massive movement of illegal immigrants and refugees who have arrived in Europe over the last few months has led political leaders, activists' movements and anonymous citizens to rethink practices and discourses. The media have multiplied news stories about mobilization initiatives that go well beyond the sphere of the state and even operate on the fringes of the law. Nationalism and identity issues have found their way onto the EU and its member-states' agenda while the international community argues about the urgency to collaborate to address one of the greatest problems seen in Europe since the Second World War. Schengen borders have been suffering reconfigurations on an almost daily basis and Schengen has even been temporarily suspended in some countries, with the ghost of the end of the Union hovering over Europe. The series of multidisciplinary texts collected in this book offer the reader a variety of perspectives on the understanding of the Schengen area. Broadly speaking, this volume includes reflections on subjects that embrace the debates on the concept and practices of the free movement of persons within Europe, the security dimension of the European Union, illegal immigration and migration management, human rights and the role of various players and interests. This is the book to read if you wish to understand the latest developments in the Schengen area on its 30th anniversary

Building on the success of the first edition, Game Theory and Public Policy, Second Edition provides a critical, selective review of key concepts in game theory with a view to their applications in public policy. The author further suggests modifications for some of the models (chiefly in cooperative game theory) to improve their applicability to economics and public policy. -- Roger McCain makes use of the analytical tools of game theory for the pragmatic purpose of identifying problems and exploring potential solutions, providing a toolkit for the analysis of public policy allowing for a clearer understanding of the public policy enterprise itself. His critical review of major topics from both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory includes less-known ideas and constructive proposals for new approaches. This revised edition features a new second half that focuses on biform games, combining cooperative and non-cooperative decisions in a simple and natural way to provide a working model of externalities that can be applied to issues such as monopoly policy and labor market policies. -- Drawing on comparatively well understood models in cooperative game theory and the author's own research on mathematical models of biform games, this unique approach and treatment of game theory, updated and expanded to stay on the cutting edge, will be a useful resource for students and scholars of economics and public policy, as well as for policymakers themselves.

Cover -- The transformative power of the European Union: An introduction -- References -- Part One: The EU's transformative power towards Poland's legal and political system -- Chapter 1: The European transformation of the legislative, executive and judicial power in Poland -- Introductory remarks -- The transformation of the legislative power - the Europeanisation of Polish law -- The transformation of the legislative power - institutional aspects -- The Polish model of cooperation between the government and the parliament in the field of EU affairs -- The transformation of the executive power - public administration -- The transformation of the judicial power and law -- Concluding remarks -- References: -- Chapter 2: European Union activity in the field of civil law and its impact on Polish national contract law -- Introduction -- The development of European consumer law -- European contract law harmonisation projects -- Europeanisation of consumer law in Poland: the notion of consumer and consumer law -- Consumer sales law - transposition problems -- The Europeanisation of non-consumer contract law in Poland -- European contract law and the New Polish Civil Code -- Conclusions -- References: -- Chapter 3: Interest representation in Poland after EU accession: More regulated, professional and legitimate? -- Introduction -- Transformative power and Europeanisation -- Has the EU changed the regulatory environment? -- Professionalisation of Polish business interests in Brussels -- Are lobbying activities becoming more legitimate in Poland? -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The impact of EU membership on Polish political parties -- Introduction -- Dimensions and scope of the Europeanisation of political parties -- Structural-organisational dimension in the Europeanisation of Polish political parties.

"The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 was a major update to the UK's laws on the use reproductive technology and regulation of assisted reproduction. This was legislation which, according to the minister responsible, would ensure that the law remains effective and fit for purpose in the early 21st century. Since the enactment of the new law, the sector's regulatory body, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), has also consulted on various related topics including barriers to egg and sperm donation in the UK, multiple births/single embryo transfer, and using IVF technology to prevent mitochondrial disease with a view to publishing recommendations. This book critically evaluates the recent developments, asking whether the Act has achieved the stated aim of being 'fit for purpose' or, if not, what should be done to improve it. The book looks at various aspects of the law and ethics of human fertilisation and embryology and topics covered include: problems with DIY assisted conception; attribution of legal parenthood in cases of surrogacy; mitochondrial DNA transfer; as well as chapters which compare the UK's regulation to the situation in Canada and Australia. It brings together a range of experts in order to evaluate the fresh risks and challenges emerging from both established and existing technologies and techniques in the field of human fertilisation and embryology, as well as offering valuable insights into the social and regulatory challenges that lie ahead."--

This book provides a comprehensive and unique perspective on China's oil and natural gas industry and a practical roadmap to reforms. The book begins with a thorough examination of the status quo of China's oil and natural gas industry. It explores the evolution, transition, and characteristics of the oil industry of China, and unveils the problems that caused ineffectiveness of the oil and petroleum products market, namely, the dominance of monopoly enterprises, price regulation, and restriction to entry. It provides an insightful analysis on the efficiency losses and welfare losses the monopoly system brings to the society as the current system distorts income distribution, violates the principle of fairness, and stands against the market rules and the legal pillars of the Chinese constitution. This book argues that the monopoly system in the oil industry of China results in a variety of toxic influences and that reforms are needed. It then offers a roadmap to reforms in the oil and petroleum products market in an incremental fashion. The findings and proposals of the Chinese version of this book have proved to be successful, as they led to immediate shifts in the policies of the Chinese authorities. This book provides valuable insights into the urgency involved in carrying out reforms in the oil and petroleum products market in China, with concrete and up-to-date statistics, comprehensive and detailed analyses, and authoritative and authentic sources

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 How Can ICTs Be Drivers of Spatial Innovation? Urban Digital Nodes for the Smart Region Between Milan and Turin -- 1.1 The Research Project's Origins and Results in the Spatial Context of the Metropolitan Region Between Milan and Turin -- 1.2 A Research Focus: Mobile Services and the Internet of Places -- 1.3 From Urban Nodes to Urban Digital Nodes (UDNs) -- References -- 2 The Background: A Critical Analysis of the Ongoing Milan ICT Projects -- 2.1 Smart Cities in Italy: Problems and Potentials -- 2.2 The Milan Smart City Programme -- 2.3 The Digital Expo 2015 Programme -- 2.4 Expo 2015 as a Node of a Future Milan-Turin Smart Region? -- References -- 3 Two Applied Research Projects: Spatial Impacts and Potentials of ICTs -- 3.1 Networks and Nodes in a Smart Region -- 3.2 Digital Services for the Città Studi University Campus -- 3.3 Urban Digital Nodes in North--West Milan -- 3.4 QT8 Sport and Wellbeing UDN: An Experimental Application -- References -- 4 Reference Case Studies and Best Practices -- 4.1 Multi-scalar Urban Digital Nodes References Within a Smart Region Perspective -- 4.2 The Local Scale: Malmö Living Lab -- 4.3 The Urban Scale: London Idea Stores and Barcelona 22@Innovation District -- 4.4 The Regional Scale: Seattle Smart City-Regionalism -- References -- 5 Looking at the Future? -- 5.1 New Networks, New Functions: Innovative Workplaces in the Smart Region Between Milan and Turin -- 5.2 ICTs Spatial Effects: From the Urban Perspective to the Regional One -- References.

"The fifth edition of Management and the Arts provides you with theory and practical applications from all arts management perspectives including planning, marketing, finance, economics, organization, staffing, and group dynamics. Regardless of whether you are a manager in a theatre, museum, dance company, or opera, you will gain useful insights into strategic planning, organization, and integrated management theories. Case studies, statistics, and real-world examples will allow you get a handle on all aspects of arts managements, from budgeting and fundraising, to e-marketing and social networking, to working effectively with boards and staff members. Revised to reflect the latest thinking and trends in managing organizations and people, this fifth edition features class-tested questions in each chapter, which help you to integrate the material and develop ideas about how the situations and problems could have been handled. Case studies focus on the challenges facing managers and organizations every day, and "In the News" quotes give you real-world examples of principles and theories. NEW TO THIS EDITION: - Sections on grant research and writing, social networking, and fundraising - Resources for developing career skills, graduate, and postgraduate training opportunities, and information on professional organizations and conferences - Expanded material on volunteers in the arts, more coverage of international perspectives, and more information on integrated software solutions and on budgeting - A companion website at www.managementandthearts.com with a sample syllabus, additional project assignments, suggested resources, and chapter-by-chapter PowerPoint slides"--

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 The long road from Little Rock -- Grand strategy in principle and history -- The 1992 primary season -- Grand strategy on the Clinton campaign -- Clinton's Grand Strategy campaign addresses -- Grand strategy in the presidential debates -- Conclusion: Clinton's triumph -- 2 Taking charge and taking stock -- Clinton's post-Cold War world -- Assembling a foreign policy team -- The return to Georgetown -- Talking the talk . . . -- Tough talk with the Pentagon -- New structures -- Somalia and Assertive Multilateralism -- Iran, Iraq, and dual containment -- The Tarnoff doctrine -- Conclusion: Clinton's poisoned chalice -- 3 A grand strategy emerges -- The growing mood of unrest -- Devising Clinton's doctrine -- Warren Christopher's address -- Madeleine Albright's address -- The presidential address -- Anthony Lake's address -- The backlash from rogue states of concern -- Reaction -- The difficult birth of Clinton's Grand Strategy -- Problems of policy and presentation -- Conclusion: Clashes on the road to grand strategy -- 4 Enhancing security -- National security in the Clinton administration -- UN peace operations -- A nuclear grand strategy -- National Missile Defense -- Intelligence -- The evolving national security threat -- Counter-terrorism -- Enhancing security: NATO expansion -- The Partnership for Peace -- An assessment of National Security Policy 1993-2001 -- Conclusion -- 5 Prosperity promotion -- Promoting prosperity in US history -- Prosperity promotion in the Clinton administration -- The National Economic Council -- Economic appointees -- Clinton's economic inheritance -- The Big Emerging Markets -- The CIA and prosperity promotion -- Structural approach -- Prosperity promotion and regional bodies: NAFTA and APEC.

Cover -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Global Health and International Community -- Introduction -- The book's structure -- Part One - framing global ethics and international justice -- Part Two - practical challenges in global health governance -- Part Three - political and regulatory responses in global health -- Global health: Intellectual and practical challenges -- Part One: Framing Global Ethics and International Justice -- 1 On Some Difficulties for Any Theory of Global Health Justice Stephen R. Latham -- Introduction -- Theory -- Health -- Global -- Justice -- The positive uses of ambitious theory -- 2 Ethics and Global Health Inequalities Richard Ashcroft -- Introduction -- Comparison problems -- Connectedness and circumstances -- Health inequality and resource inequality -- Health inequalities and 'structural violence' -- Capabilities and health -- Conclusion -- 3 Why Bioethics Must Be Global Heather Widdows and Peter West-Oram -- Introduction -- Global ethics and bioethics -- The global requirement -- Healthcare and research and the global criteria -- Why the local/global debate continues -- A global ethics approach -- Conclusion -- 4 Needs, Obligations and International Relations for Global Health in the Twenty-First Century Solomon R. Benatar -- Introduction -- Disparities in health and well-being at a global level -- Global health -- Processes contributing to widening disparities in health -- A world in entropy -- Obligations -- What can be done? Some practical considerations -- Conclusions -- 5 Just Health, from National to Global: Claiming Global Social Protection Gorik Ooms and Rachel Hammonds -- Introduction -- Principles of national and global justice -- Global justice and the governance problem -- Conclusion.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 Hegemony and Global Politics -- What Is Hegemony? -- Hegemony through State Leadership -- Hegemony as an Ideology -- Approaching Hegemony -- 2 Hegemony and Its Origins in World Politics -- Hegemony in Greece and Rome -- The Holy Roman Empire -- Mercantilism or Spanish Hegemony? -- Westphalia or Dutch Hegemony? -- Liberalism or British Hegemony? -- 'Rival Imperialism' or the Interregnum? -- Conclusion -- 3 US Hegemony -- The Rise of US Power -- Hegemonic Stability Theory -- US Hegemony after the Cold War -- The Problems with US Hegemony -- 4 Hegemony, Gramsci and World Politics -- Hegemony and Marxism before Gramsci -- Gramsci and Hegemony -- Gramsci and World Politics -- Rethinking Neo-Gramscian Hegemony? -- The Roots of Neoliberalism -- Breaking the Mould: Pinochet, Thatcher and Reagan -- Neoliberalism on the Offensive: Globalization and the Decline of Socialism -- Neoliberalism on the Defensive: Austerity and Crisis -- Conclusion: The Longevity of Neoliberal Hegemony? -- 5 Neoliberal Hegemony -- The Roots of Neoliberalism -- Breaking the Mould: Pinochet, Thatcher and Reagan -- Neoliberalism on the Offensive: Globalization and the Decline of Socialism -- Neoliberalism on the Defensive: Austerity and Crisis -- Conclusion: The Longevity of Neoliberal Hegemony? -- 6 The Rise of China and BRICS -- The Rise of China -- BRICS -- Emerging Powers or the Semi-Periphery? -- 7 Regionalism -- Old and New Regionalism -- Europe -- East Asia -- Latin America -- Other Regional Formations -- Regionalism versus Variegated Neoliberalism? -- 8 The Idea of Counter-Hegemony -- Understanding Counter-Hegemony -- Types of Counter-Hegemonic Discourse -- Fragmentation and Trasformismo -- The Significance of Counter-Hegemony -- Conclusion.

The Law of International Conflict: Force, Intervention and Peaceful Dispute Settlement -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1: Introduction -- 2: A Problem-Oriented Approach to International Law -- 3: The Prohibition of the Threat or Use of Force -- 3.1 Legal Strategies to Limit the Use and the Effects of Force in International Relations -- 3.2 From the Justa Causa Requirement to the Jus ad Bellum as an Element of State Sovereignty -- 3.3 The Prohibition of the Threat or Use of Force under the UN Charter -- 3.4 Enhancing the Prohibition of the Threat or Use of Force in International Relations -- 3.5 A Major Gap in the Charter System Prohibiting Force in International Relations: Non-International Armed Conflict -- 3.6 The Lawful Use of Force within the UN System of Collective Security -- 3.7 The Record of the un System of Collective Security during the Cold War -- 3.8 The Record of the un after the Cold War -- 3.9 Self-Defence -- 4: Non-Intervention in the Internal Affairs of States -- 4.1 Introduction: Conceptual Problems -- 4.2 The Evolution of the Principle of Non-Intervention -- 4.3 Non-Intervention Today: Still a Controversial Issue -- 5: The Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes -- 5.1 The Principle -- 5.2 The Main Methods of Dispute Settlement: General Remarks -- 5.3 Negotiation -- 5.4 Good Offices -- 5.5 Early Warning -- 5.6 Enquiry -- 5.7 Mediation -- 5.8 Conciliation -- 5.9 Arbitration and Adjudication -- 5.10 The un System for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes -- Conclusion -- Index

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: reconstructing epistemic communities -- PART I Ontology and historical background -- 2 Transnational flows and the transformation of international relations -- 3 The capacity of international institutions to manage Bhopal-like problems -- 4 Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination -- 5 Constructing environmental security from resource scarcity -- PART II Regimes and governance patterns -- 6 Social constructivism and the evolution of multilateral environmental governance -- 7 Prospects for effective marine governance in the NW Pacific region -- Appendix: a letter to the editor -- 8 Epistemic communities and international environmental law -- PART III Institutions and learning -- 9 UN conferences and constructivist governance of the environment -- 10 International institutions and social learning in the management of global environmental risks -- 11 Addressing the global governance deficit -- 12 Learning to learn: improving international governance -- PART IV Effectiveness -- 13 Choosing to comply: theorizing from international relations and comparative politics -- 14 Evaluating the effectiveness of marine governance -- PART V Science policy -- 15 When does power listen to truth? A constructivist approach to the policy process -- 16 Organized science, usable knowledge, and multilateral environmental governance -- PART VI Conclusion -- 17 Promoting knowledge-based international governance for sustainable development -- 18 The global spreading of ideas: social learning and the evolution of multilateral environmental governance -- Index.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: climate change and the emergence of a new Arctic region -- Zoning a region, assembling a problem and anticipating solutions -- Indigenous peoples in the new Arctic -- The new Greenland -- The social intensity of ice and the transformation of society -- References -- 2 Resilience, human agency and Arctic climate change adaptation strategies -- Vulnerability and victimization -- Vulnerability and institutional barriers -- Double agency -- Climate change adaptation strategies in Canada and Greenland -- Double agency in the Arctic -- References -- 3 Mega-industrializing Greenland -- A mega-industry in Greenland - only the beginning -- The socialization of the factory -- The assemblage of a project -- Anticipating a future project world -- Coordinating anticipated futures -- The life and trails of reports -- Removing deal-breakers -- Uneven development -- Factory figuration -- The empire of expertise -- The figuration of citizens -- References -- 4 Reforming a society by means of technology -- Project compartmentalization and the re-configuration of society -- Mega-industrialization and climate change -- References -- 5 Place consciousness and the renewal of Maniitsoq -- Maniitsoq as a place in history -- The socialized conception of place -- Place-making in the making -- References -- 6 The social life of globalization and scale-makers -- Exposed people under stress -- Double exposure -- Scale-making -- The social life of globalization in Greenland -- The scaling of climate change adaptation -- References -- 7 Indigenous knowledge and indigenous future-makers -- Creating more promising futures -- Knowledge and the local gaze -- Problems of research reductionism and the production of contexts.