Suchergebnisse

Preliminary Material -- Constitutional Rights and Legal System /Robert Alexy -- The Learning Sovereign /Guenter Frankenberg -- Legislatures as Constituent Assemblies /Jon Elster -- The Constitution in the Process of Denationalization /Dieter Grimm -- Constitutionalism in Fragmented Societies: the Integrative Function of Liberal Constitutionalism and Its Challenges /Ulrich K. Preus -- The Failure of the Eu's Constitutional Project: a Cultural Discrepancy /Kaarlo Tuori -- Between Collectivism and Constitutionalism: the Nordic Countries and Constitutionalism - a \'Final Frontier\' or a Period of Transition? -- Constitutionalism and Approaches to Rights in the Nordic Countries /Martin Scheinin -- The Good State or the Constitutional Innocents of the Nordic Societies /Agust Thor Arnson -- List of Contributors.

This comment explores the various steps being taken to stop LGBT bullying in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Section I discusses why it is important to address the issue of bullying and the deep impact that bullying can have on students' lives. Section II provides a comprehensive look at how other states have addressed bullying and provided enumerated protection for LGBT students. This section also examines federal laws that have been used in bullying claims in the absence of federal anti-bullying legislation. Section III focuses specifically on Virginia anti-bullying legislation and the steps that Virginia has taken to combat LGBT bullying in particular. This section will focus on the discontinuity among school districts in Virginia regarding LGBT anti-bullying legislation. This section argues that Virginia needs to reevaluate its anti-bullying legislation and enumerate LGBT students as a targeted group instead of leaving the decision to enumerate LGBT students up to each individual school district. Section IV argues why enumerating sexual orientation in Virginia's antibullying law would be beneficial to LGBT students. Section V addresses additional steps that Virginia can take to combat LGBT bullying. It also highlights the positive steps Virginia has already taken to help LGBT students.

This three year report on the South Carolina Children's Justice Act Task Force gives CJA background information, an overview of S.C. CJA Task Force, a 2006 assessment, selected accomplishments, a review of recommendations and a financial statement.

Intro -- Contents/Sommaire -- Articles -- Is There a Universal International Law Today? -- Sommaire -- The Strait of Georgia Reference -- Sommaire -- Le statut du golfe du Saint-Laurent en droit international public -- Summary -- The Modern Concept of the Off-Lying Archipelago in International Law -- Sommaire -- The Evolution of the Legal Regime of the Continental Shelf, Part II -- Sommaire -- The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1985: Implications for International Criminal Law -- Sommaire -- Notes and Comments/Notes et commentaires -- The Syrian Crisis, 1860-61: A Case Study in Classic Humanitarian Intervention -- Sommaire -- Compelling Disclosure by a Non-Party Litigant in Violation of Foreign Bank Secrecy Laws: Recent Developments in Canada-United States Relations -- Sommaire -- Institutional Aspects of Canada-European Community Relations -- Sommaire -- The Japanese Automotive Voluntary Export Restraint Agreements and International Law -- Sommaire -- The Need for a New General Theory of International Law -- Compte rendu du colloque sur le droit international de la santé -- In Memoriam-Norman Archibald MacRae MacKenzie -- Annuaire canadien de Droit international: Protocole de rédaction des contributions en français -- Practice/La pratique -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1984/ La pratique canadienne en matière de droit international public en 1984 -- At the Department of External Affairs/Au ministère des Affaires extérieures -- Parliamentary Declarations/Déclarations parlementaires -- Treaty Action Taken by Canada in 1984/Mesures prises par le Canada en matière de traités en 1984 -- Cases/La jurisprudence -- Canadian Cases in International Law in 1984/La jurisprudence canadienne en matière de droit international en 1984 -- Book Reviews/Recensions de livres -- Analytical Index/Index analytique -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H.

Abstract
This paper examines several widespread assumptions about artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, that are often taken as factual premises in discussions on the future of patent law in the wake of 'artificial ingenuity'. The objective is to draw a more realistic and nuanced picture of the human-computer interaction in solving technical problems than where 'intelligent' systems autonomously yield inventions. A detailed technical perspective is presented for each assumption, followed by a discussion of pertinent uncertainties for patent law. Overall, it is argued that implications of machine learning for the patent system in its core tenets appear far less revolutionary than is often posited.

This paper argues that taking seriously the embodied and affective dimensions of thought is important in relation both to the critical and transformative possibilities of Law-and-Film scholarship. In it, the authors begin the work of revealing the ways that film works to produce what Raymond Williams called the 'structures of feeling' that help to cohere contemporary legal and political institutions. In its first section, it seeks to develop a more robust vocabulary for discussing how films work on their viewers. Building on the insights of William Connolly regarding the multilayered nature of thought, it discusses how the non-cognitive registers for thinking of technique, perception and affect are brought together in film. In the second section, the paper explores how these effects might be understood through a close reading of three short scenes drawn from the films The Piano (1993), Minority Report (2002) and Dead Man (1994). In the powerful contrast of 'affect' produced by each of these scenes (the latter two containing minimal narrative content), the authors make an argument for the significance of attending not only to the (fixed) representative or ideological dimension of film, but also to its movement, its flux and possibility as energy.

The book investigates the role of law and legal experts in the organisational dynamics of a population, demonstrating that law is a stable practice among those who (in virtue of the special knowledge they master) are called upon to select the 'normative facts' of a population, i.e. the interactional standards that are proclaimed as binding for the entire population by the publicly recognised legal experts (whose peremptory judgments can be only revised by peers). It proposes an integration of the recent research outcomes achieved in three different areas of study: legal positivism, legal institutionalism and legal pluralism and examines the notions of rule, coercion, institution, practice elaborated by significant theorists in the mentioned areas and illumine both their merits and flaws. Furthermore it advances a notion of law and a description of the legal field which are able to account for the nature of the legal filed as the cradle of the social order. new back cover copy: In an era characterized by a streaking global pluralism, the collapse of many state agencies, the emergence of multiple sources of law, and the rise of informal justice, the idea of a unitary and homogenous legal system seems old-fashioned. But philosophers, sociologists and anthropologists still hold many debates on the nature of law and its function, which is that law represents an institution that characterizes any orderly social context of human beings, and this book plunges into the center of those debates. Self-sufficiency of Law: A Critical-institutional Theory of Social Order investigates the role of law and legal experts in the organizational dynamics of a population. It demonstrates that law is a stable practice among those who are called upon to select the "normative facts" of a population, that is, the interactional standards that are proclaimed as binding for the entire population by the publicly recognized legal experts. To do this, the author proposes an integration of the recent research outcomes achieved in three different areas of study—legal positivism, legal institutionalism and legal pluralism. He examines the notions of rule, coercion, institution and practice elaborated on by significant theorists in these fields, highlighting both the merits and flaws and ultimately advancing a notion of law and a description of the legal field which are able to account for the nature of the legal field as the cradle of social order. This text covers key guidelines for empirical research and political activities in Western and non-Western countries.