Suchergebnisse

У статті проведено аналіз промислового комплексу за показниками фінансово-економічного стану. Доведено недостатність грошей, їх еквівалентів для забезпечення поточних зобов'язань, низький рівень рентабельності та ділової активності, підприємства галузі є неплатоспроможними. Встановлено, що динаміка показників абсолютної ліквідності, коефіцієнта автономії, рентабельності активів, обігових коштів, сумарних активів, чистої маржі, характеризуються високою та середньою мінливістю, тоді як часові ряди поточної ліквідності, коефіцієнтів автономії, оборотності активів, робочого капіталу, дебіторської заборгованості незначно змінюються протягом досліджуваного періоду 2013-2018 рр. Проведено аналіз лідерів переробного комплексу промисловості України. Підтверджено їх експортну орієнтацію та негативну динаміку у 2018 р. за такими показниками як обсяги реалізації продукції, експорт, імпорт. Відзначено необхідність трансформації бізнес процесів підприємств промисловості та державної підтримки ключової галузі країни. ; The article analyzes the industrial complex in terms of financial and economic condition. The results of monitoring key indicators of the industrial complex can be used as a basis for macroeconomic and strategic plans, regulatory policy of the state at all levels. Therefore, monitoring of trends in the industrial complex should be carried out periodically in order to accumulate statistics and update the relevant knowledge base. The results of the analysis of financial and economic indicators of the industrial complex of Ukraine proved that the current liquidity ratios exceed the norm, while the indicators of absolute liquidity and autonomy ratio do not meet the normative values, which confirms the lack of money, their equivalents to meet current liabilities. . Profitability indicators during the study period will be defined as low. It is established that the dynamics of absolute liquidity, autonomy ratio, return on assets, working capital, total assets, net margin, is characterized by high and medium variability, while the time series of current liquidity, autonomy ratio, asset turnover, working capital, receivables change of the studied period 2013-2018. The analysis of the leaders of the processing complex of the industry of Ukraine is carried out. Their export orientation and negative trends of key indicators in 2018 were confirmed. The increase in financial and economic indicators of the leaders of the processing industry was in the range of 22-37% at enterprises with a staff of 251+ people; 2-75% at enterprises with a staff of 51-250 people; 0-48% at enterprises with a staff of 11-50 people; 0-111% - 1-10 people. Thus, the financial and economic situation of the industrial wheel requires both government support and transformation of business processes in order to increase the level of competitiveness and profitability, stabilization of positive trends. The prospects of this study are the tasks of integrated assessment and forecasting of the development of the industrial complex of Ukraine, taking into account the impact of COVID-19 and the negative consequences of quarantine restrictions.

Introduction. Covid-19 outbreak has changed human life and activity [1], Especially In urban areas forcing citizens to stay for large periods of time in lockdowns. Protective measures (social distancing and isolation) that have been globally implemented has caused the isolation of millions. Preliminary findings (Moreno et al, 2021) suggest adverse mental health effects in previously healthy people and especially in people with pre-existing mental health disorders. Extended lockdowns come at the expense of mental health, psycho-physical conditions, wellbeing, and social relations within societies (Campion et al., 2020).
Before COVID-19 outbreak, city centers offered a high-quality life with a wide range of services, utilities, public and green spaces, as well as city parks (Sharifi & Khavarian-Garmsird, 2020). Living in a small apartment with a minimal private space in the city center was balanced by the high level of socialization in public spaces, outdoor activities and events, intense interactions among inhabitants, allowing them to maintain relations (Portegijs et al., 2021). With COVID-19 outbreak, this modern urban standard of living was challenged. Social distancing took place at several levels: at home and at work, and, in the city, in the street and on public transport. Everything created for urban life changed and became uncertain. Societies got used to sharing common spaces, often crowded, and everyone was cut off from everyday socialisation. The isolation forced millions of individuals and families to remain at home, causing them to change their routines, rituals, and habits (McCay, 2020). In dense urban areas, this mostly meant locking people in cramped apartments, cut off from everyday physical activity outside the home (Portegijs et al, 2021; Bil et al, 2021).
Smart cities are instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent urban areas (Harrison et al., 2010) that pursue shared growth through an integrated set of technologies that shape interactions between actors (Nam & Pardo, 2011). A smart city can be defined as complex set of technology (infrastructures of hardware and software), people (creativity, diversity, and education), and institutions (governance and policy) (Nam & Pardo, 2011). Smart cities aim is to create an environment that drives innovation from a technological, managerial, and organizational point of view by fostering environmental and social wellbeing (Karvonen et al., 2018; Polese et al., 2021].
The aim of this study is the literature review of the role of technology for citizens mental health during Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns in Smart Cities and to investigate if there is a relation between digital tools provided to the citizens of Pafos Municipality to use during quarantine, and their mental health status.
Methodology\design\approach. A review of the literature and an additional critical review were conducted in the fields of smart cities and mental health with a focus on the latest research concerning COVID-19 influence on ICT, mental health and wellbeing. For the purposes of this article, a thorough database search has been made. The database used was mostly Google Scholar and Science Direct. Selection criteria included full-text publications and consisted of the following keywords: COVID-19, post-COVID-19, mental health, wellbeing, lockdown, isolation, anxiety, infection rates, density, smart city, digital technology, ICT and Virtual Reality. Author focused on qualitative research available until April 2022.
Further than this, field research was conducted through a qualitative method in the particular case of Paphos Municipality in Cyprus, the introduction of various ICT technology solutions during the pandemic lockdowns and their impact on citizens mental health. ICT tools were briefly analyzed and their contributions towards citizens mental health was evaluated based on questionnaires distributed to the citizens before and after the use of these tools. Now the key question that needs an answer is "Did smart cities impact on citizens mental health during the pandemic?"
During the pandemic, Pafos Municipality introduced to its citizens various ICT solutions that despite initially they were targeting foreign tourists visiting the district, they ended up as entertainment tools that ease the lockdown period during the quarantine phase. As part of the E.U. co-funded by European Union program "Smart Cities – Interreg: Greece – Cyprus" the municipality implemented the "Collection, Documentation and Digitization of Cultural and Tourist material, Development of Digital Tourism / Culture and Entrepreneurship Platform and Development of digital applications of e-democracy and participation in the Municipality of Pafos" project. The result of this project was the creation of 3 websites: 1. Explore Pafos https://www.explorepafos.org/ with multimedia information (text, photos, videos, 360-pictures, interactive map with points of interest etc.) about the province's major points of interest sorted by category: Culture, Environment, Tourism and Services. 2. Historical Timeline https://xronologio.explorepafos.org/ with information about the history of the city in a chronological order. 3. Electronic Participation https://diavouleusi.explorepafos.org/ offering User Registration, Consultation, Online Citizens Community (forum), Civil Council Decisions, Online Polls, News and Announcements. Further than these 2 mobile applications for iOS and Android devices were developed, Explore Pafos with various important information about the city of Pafos and Pafos AR which contain Augmented Reality representation of various significant cultural and historical sightseeing in the district. The websites and mobile applications were available in 5 languages (Greek, English, Russian, Hebrew and German).
These platforms were presented to the citizens of Pafos Municipality on the 27th of February 2020, slightly earlier than the first lockdown. After the first strict lockdown, the administrators of the website reported a significant increase in the traffic of the website among local citizens compared to pre-pandemic. This led the creators of the platforms among which is the author of this article to provide online questionnaires to people using the digital platforms on their leisure time during COVID-19 lockdowns to answer various questions regarding the impact of these digital tools in their mental health status during COVID-19 lockdown.
A questionnaire containing 5-point Likert scale questions and questions about qualitative and quantitative use of the ICT tools and their mental health during COVID-19 lockdowns was completed by citizens of Pafos Municipality.
Due to this study objective, two main criteria were established for sample selection. First, respondents should be citizens of Pafos Municipality from various areas over at least the past 5 years. Additionally, respondents must have been present during COVID-19 outbreak and lockdowns in the city. To verify this criterion, an initial survey question asked whether respondents were staying in the city during the COVID-19 outbreak.
The questionnaire was constructed in three parts. Its first one aimed at collecting descriptive variables (demographic information) of respondents' location, and professional profile. The second part asked citizens about their mental health status before and after COVID-19 outbreak and lockdowns. Each question was assessed according to a 5-point Likert scale (1 referred to 'not used' and 5 denoted 'fully used'). The last section of the questionnaire examined the adoption level of the ICT tools introduced by the Municipality as supporting tools for their mental status during the COVID-19 outbreak. For that, all 6 ICT tools were listed and evaluated based upon a similar Likert scale that ranged from 1 (not used) to 5 (fully used).
Results. The online questionnaire had its link firstly sent by e-mail to 480 citizens that registered in the platform in December 2020. A follow-up message was sent two weeks later. 215 responses returned but only 206 of them were actually from citizens that met our selection criteria, which resulted in 42.9% valid response rate,
For analyzing data, two distinctive procedures were carried out using the SPSS® Statistics 23 software to identify differences in levels of each characteristic related to ICT tools, device available (PC, mobile phone, tablet), and content (Cultural, Environmental, Social, Multimedia Content) when considering the degree of how they impact their mental health during COVID-19 lockdowns.
Our respondents were half men and half women. Moreover, 10% are aged between 20 and 25, 34% between 26 and 35, 36% between 36 and 45, 14% in the interval of 46 till 55 and only 6% are older than 55. 36% are single, 59% being married and almost 5% under another non-defined situation. Most respondents were living in a house (56%), with their family (54%), and had 1 or more kids (44%). 75% of the respondents mentioned that they use more often their mobile/laptops to access the internet compared to before. The majority of respondents (62%) mentioned that they used ICT tools provide 1 or more times per week to remind them of their daily habits while 56% mentioned that they used the platforms to navigate at their favorite place at least once. The largest majority (82%) accessed the services from their mobile phone while the smallest percent (12% accessed the services from their PC/Laptop. Regarding COVID-19 lockdowns, 86% stated that it is very stressful to stay at home in another lockdown while 36% said they wouldn't comply if they were forced to stay at home in another lockdown. 65% mentioned that they found the ICT tools useful to keep them mentally active and 72% mentioned that they wouldn't be able to stay in quarantine without access to internet. 68% of the people using the platforms declared that using the platforms helped to remain mentally active during the quarantine and 70% said they would use the platforms again in case there is a new lockdown.
Discussion. The present work was done having as basis 206 questionnaires applied to citizens of a Municipality in Cyprus, namely Pafos Municipality, in order to assess citizens mental health during lockdowns, and the impact of the use of ICT tools for their mental health. The survey collected data from 3 sections, namely demographics, mental health status before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and ICT tools usage during the lockdowns. The average respondents' sample shows that our interviewees are aged between 26 and 45 years old, half are men and the other women, married, qualified with college education. Citizens living in smaller apartments accessed the platforms more times per week compared to people living in the rural areas in houses and their conceived percentage of ICT tools contribution towards their mental health was higher compared to people leaving in rural areas. Citizens' inclusion and digital literacy are relevant issues that were affecting the use of ICT tools that do not apply only to urban contexts and should be addressed to solve societal, economic, technological, and political problems worldwide. COVID-19 restrictions and lockdown increased people's acceptance and use of ICT solutions.
Other studies are in line with the above findings (Troisi et al., 2022) where their key theoretical contribution of their study is the building of a framework that detects the main psychological, rational, social, and cultural determinants that can foster or prevent the acceptance of the changes forced by the pandemic, the adhesion to digitalization, and the transactional distance processes launched in the public sectors. These results are more evident in vulnerable groups (Dai et al., 2020; Ammar et al., 2021) which will require further development and usage of e-health solutions.
Finally, two other studies targeting different populations investigated the effectiveness of interventions by considering, as primary outcomes, not mental illness indicators (e.g., depression and anxiety symptoms), but positive mental health indicators (positive affect and positive mental health). Vara et al. (2020) provided us with a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that assessed the efficacy of a low-intensity internet intervention aimed to promote positive affect in depressive patients in primary care, as an adjunct therapy to improved treatment as usual (Fonseca & Osma, 2021).
Scientific value / practical value. Another report (Fonseca & Osma, 2021) highlighted the urgent need for research to help improve our understanding of the pandemic's mental health consequences on the general public (Mahase, 2020). In order to help characterize the psychosocial effects of the COVID19 crisis as well as the moderators of these effects, a research group launched a multi-language, multi-center anonymous online survey to assess the "Effects of home Confinement on psychosocial health status and multiple Lifestyle Behaviors" during the COVID-19 outbreak. Preliminary findings from this project revealed that the COVID-19 home confinement resulted in significant negative effects on mental wellbeing and emotional status, with more people experiencing psychosocial and emotional distress compared to before the pandemic (Ammar at al. 2020; Ammar et al, 2021a; Fonseca & Osma, 2021). This research results highlight the importance of introducing ICT tools to provide a virtual tour of citizens to their favorite city spots and remain mentally active during quarantine period.
Conclusions. ICT tools offer citizens the opportunity to remember their pre COVID-19 lockdown habits as highlighted in this article and they contribute towards the improvement of their mental health during quarantine. This study aimed at (i) identifying wither ICT tools use increased during COVID-19 outbreak; (ii) investigating the effect of the tools use and the impact on mental health of their users; and (iii) examining the relationship between the adoption of ICT tools and the demographics of citizens using them most during COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings provided arguments to answer these three research questions raised from existing gaps in both theory and practice.

The COVID-19 crisis has ended and upended lives around the globe. In addition to killing over 160,000 people, more than 35,000 in the United States alone, its secondary effects have been as devastating. These secondary effects pose fundamental challenges to the rules that govern our social, political, and economic lives. These rules are the domain of lawyers. Law in the Time of COVID-19 is the product of a joint effort by members of the faculty of Columbia Law School and several law professors from other schools. This volume offers guidance for thinking about some the most pressing legal issues the pandemic has raised, especially (though not exclusively) for law in the United States: from the rights of prison inmates who live under conditions that make them exceptionally vulnerable to the highly contagious virus to the options for contracting parties who now face circumstances that make it impossible for them to live up to their past commitments. The book does not give legal advice. Instead, it identifies critical legal issues that affect many peoples' lives, offers fresh perspectives for thinking about those issues, and provides guidance to legislatures and policy makers about the legal challenges ahead. ; https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/books/1239/thumbnail.jpg

Health epidemics have a multilayered, long-standing impact on society as a whole, and an inordinate impact on women. Particularly in a country like Iraq where progress on women's rights and issues has been slowly gaining more traction in recent years, the coronavirus threatens to halt progress on these key issues and give lower priorities to women's concerns that are still vital during such a time of crisis. While more men than women seem to get infected with the new coronavirus globally--there is no gender-disaggregated data for Iraq--, the social impact of the virus in countries that already have been through the worst of the pandemic can serve as important indicators for Iraq.

The social impact of the coronavirus has had an uneven impact on women more than men in the first countries hit by the coronavirus in East Asia. Notably, in South Korea, women have taken on a larger burden than men in taking care of children forced to stay at home due to school closures, as societal norms more often place the burden for childcare on women. Not only does this put greater pressure on women who are in many cases already the primary caretakers at home, but it makes them more likely to lose their jobs as they are forced to divert more time to childcare. These societal norms also mean women are more likely to be exposed by the virus, as they are stuck in a caretaker role for sick family members and makeup over 70% of the healthcare sector according to a World Health Organization Report.

Women forced to stay home and work less in order to dedicate more time to caretaking also means that women are more likely to suffer from the economic impact of the virus, whether that means job loss or wage reductions. This means that even after the virus has effectively contained, women are more likely to suffer from the economic fallout than men long after the virus is gone.

In addition, in China, rights activists reported an increase in domestic violence cases, as lockdowns and economic pressure have increased tensions in many households. Particularly at the epicenter of the virus in Wuhan, China, activists reported a threefold increase in domestic abuse cases. The quarantine measures in place, while cases were at their height in China, made it difficult for activists to provide aid, and diverted police attention away from assisting women who suffered from domestic abuse. This disruption of support networks makes it more difficult for women to report domestic abuse cases and to get away from their abusers.

Social, cultural, and political barriers to women's participation in Iraq might lead to disproportionate effects based on gender. First, there have already been voices raising concerns that some families might not allow women who had tested positive for the virus to be quarantined, as more traditional culture is against women to remain unaccompanied. Not only would this present a serious threat to the health of individual women, but such refusals by conservative families to follow the recommendations of medical personnel may contribute to undermining the government measures to contain the virus. Second, women's representation in government is already limited in Iraq, and with a limited voice in the decision-making chambers of government, their gender-sensitive concerns will likely be less of a priority to Iraq's policy makers. And finally, Iraq's economic situation that was in decline even before the outbreak might further impact the poor economic opportunities already facing women in Iraq.

Beyond the loss of life and social and economic impacts on men and women in Iraq, the crisis is also an opportunity for the government and civil society to increase engagement with the most vulnerable groups, including women, and bring them in as a major element of preventing the spread of the virus. Societal norms placing women into the primary caretaker role in homes means they will have a greater awareness of how the virus is spreading, so they can report more accurate information. In addition, polling conducted in several countries suggests that women are more concerned with the spread of the virus than men. The government could take advantage of this trend by bringing women into the process of raising awareness and concern about the virus among Iraq's population.

Given the unequal impact, the social impact of coronavirus will have on women, the Iraqi government and civil society partners should prioritize making sure issues that impact women are not sidelined during the crisis. Support networks should strengthen their outreach efforts and make resources for women's health and domestic abuse support more accessible, ideally with government backing. It is especially important that the government prioritize getting out accurate information on the coronavirus and work with the support of tribal and religious leaders to encourage families to follow quarantine procedures for women who test positive for the virus.


Women participating in NDI's National Reconciliation Program prepare food baskets in Kirkuk to help their community cope with movement restrictions taken in response to COVID-19

Gender, Women and Democracy, Countries: Iraq

Even in the best of times, LGBT individuals have legal vulnerabilities in employment, housing, healthcare and other domains resulting from a combination of persistent bias and uneven protection against discrimination. In this time of COVID-19, these vulnerabilities combine to amplify both the legal and health risks that LGBT people face. This essay focuses on several risks that are particularly linked to being lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, with the recognition that these vulnerabilities are often intensified by discrimination based on race, ethnicity, age, disability, immigration status and other aspects of identity. Topics include: 1) federal withdrawal of antidiscrimination protections; 2) heightened health risks and vulnerabilities seeking healthcare; 3) family recognition and COVID-19; 4) employment discrimination; and 5) populations at special risk. It also bears noting at the outset that LGBT people already have close and long-lasting experience with HIV/AIDS, which has been described by many as a pandemic and which brought with it enduring stigma and many forms of discrimination and other harms. Even Dr. Anthony Fauci, who is a new hero to many Americans for his clarity in press briefings on COVID-19, is a familiar presence for AIDS activists because of his role in the 1980s and 90s as a leader of the federal government's response to HIV/AIDS.

The purpose of this article is to present a methodology and results for nowcasting poverty and inequality indicators during economic growth and the Covid-19 pandemic in Lithuania. Nowcasting combines the techniques of tax-benefit microsimulation and calibration of the survey weights. For the microsimulation, the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD is used together with its additional components for Lithuania, which were developed by the Ministry of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania. Three economic forecasts, developed by the Bank of Lithuania for 2020, are used: the rapid V-shaped recovery scenario, intermediate U-shaped recovery scenario and a slow extended U-shaped recovery scenario. The results show Lithuania's favourable tendencies in reducing poverty and inequality in the general population and by age groups in the context of rapid economic growth and improving the improved labour-market situation in 2018–2019. The results of 2020 suggest that relative at-risk-of-poverty rates and inequality in the country are likely to decline. The foreseen decrease in the at-risk-of-poverty rate is primarily due to reducing poverty risk among older people and children. The most vulnerable age groups include youth (18–24 years) and the elder working-age population (50–64 years). Poverty rates for these groups are likely to increase in 2020. However, it should be noted that the at-risk-of-poverty rates had also declined in Lithuania during the first years of the previous economic crisis. Decomposition of demographic/employment changes and policy effects for 2019–2020 show that due to demographic and employment changes, poverty and inequality is likely to increase in Lithuania in 2020. The impact of the policy effect is progressive, more favourable to the less well-off, leading to a reduction in poverty. Progressiveness is due to the fact that during the quarantine period, flat benefits were provided to a large part of the society: children, pensioners, job-seekers, self-employed. ; Šio straipsnio tikslas yra pristatyti skurdo ir nelygybės rodiklių prognozavimo metodologiją ir jos rezultatus, atsižvelgiant į ekonominio augimo ir COVID-19 pandemijos kontekstą Lietuvoje. Prognozavimas apjungia mikrosimuliacijų ir apklausos svorių kalibracijos technikas. Mikrosimuliacijoms naudojamas mokesčių-išmokų mikrosimuliacinis modelis EUROMOD, su papildomu Lietuvos komponentu, kuris buvo vystomas Lietuvos Respublikos socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerijos. Taip pat naudojami ir Lietuvos banko paskelbti 2020~m. trys ekonominiai scenarijai: greito atsigavimo V-formos scenarijus, vidutinio atsigavimo U formos scenarijus ir lėto ekonominio atsigavimo ištęstos U-formos scenarijus. Rezultatai atskleidžia teigiamas skurdo ir nelygybės mažinimo tendencijas bendroje populiacijoje ir pagal amžiaus grupes esant sparčiam ekonomikos augimui ir gerėjančiai darbo rinkos situacijai 2018–2019 m. Lietuvoje. 2020 m. rezultatai rodo tolesnį santykinio skurdo rizikos lygio ir nelygybės mažėjimą Lietuvoje. Toks numatomas teigiamas skurdo mažėjimas yra pirmiausia nulemtas mažėjančio skurdo rizikos lygio tarp senyvo amžiaus asmenų bei vaikų. Pačios pažeidžiamiausios grupės yra jaunimas (18–24 m.) ir vyresnio amžiaus (50–64 m.) asmenys. Numatoma, kad 2020 m. šių grupių skurdo rizika didės. Vis tik svarbu atkreipti dėmesį, kad skurdo rizikos lygis taip pat mažėjo pirmaisiais praėjusios ekonominės krizės metais. Dekompozicijos pagal demografinius / užimtumo pokyčius ir politikos pokyčius tarp 2019–2020 m. rodo, kad dėl demografinių ir užimtumo pokyčių skurdas ir nelygybė, tikėtina, didės 2020 m. Lietuvoje. Politikos pokyčių poveikis yra progresyvus, palankesnis žemesnes pajamas gaunantiems asmenims ir teigiamai veikia skurdo mažėjimą. Politikos poveikio progresyvumas yra nulemtas karantino laikotarpio, kurio metu vienkartinės išmokos buvo teikiamos didžiajai daliai populiacijos: vaikams, pensinio amžiaus asmenims, darbo ieškantiems asmenims ir savarankiškai dirbantiems asmenims.

Досліджено сучасний стан нормативно-правової бази з питань запобігання виникненню та поширенню на території України короновірусної хвороби COVID-19 та практику його застосування уповноваженими суб'єктами реалізації державної політики у сфері охорони здоров'я та захисту прав і свобод громадян. На підставі аналізу законів України та постанов уряду з питань упровадження санітарних та протиепідеміологічних заходів сформульовано пропозиції, спрямовані на врегулювання правового статусу Державної санітарно-епідеміологічної служби, вдосконалення процесу провадження в справах про адміністративні правопорушення у сфері охорони здоров'я та порушення карантинних правил, внесення змін до переліку органів і посадових осіб, уповноважених розглядати справи про адміністративні правопорушення щодо порушення санітарних правил; оптимізації механізму притягнення осіб до відповідальності за невиконання законних розпоряджень суб'єктів реалізації державної санітарної та протиепідеміологічної політики, розширення переліку повноважень Національної поліції щодо здійснення адміністративного затримання, перевірки документів та поліцейського піклування в умовах карантинних обмежень. ; The author has studied the current state of the regulatory base on the prevention of the occurrence and spread of the COVID-19coronavirus disease in Ukraine and the practice of its application by authorized entities for the implementation of state policy in the field of health care and the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens. The system of public administration in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population has been analyzed. The features of the distribution of powers of state agencies in this area after the liquidation of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine have been researched. The author concludes that the existing system of state agencies that carry out sanitary and epidemiological control in Ukraine requires further improvement by adopting a decree of the Government of Ukraine on the functioning of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service. The author of the article has also identified gaps in the current legislation of Ukraine on administrative offenses, which regulates the procedure for holding accountable for violation of sanitary and anti-epidemic rules. These shortcomings primarily relate to the content of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, which contains the names of non-existent state agencies or their officials, the provisions of repealed laws or other by-laws. Based on the analysis of the laws of Ukraine and government decrees on the implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemiological measures, the author has formulated propositions aimed at regulating the legal status of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service; improvement of administrative proceedings in the field of health care and violation of quarantine rules; amending the list of agencies and officials authorized to consider cases of administrative offenses for the violation of sanitary rules; optimization of the mechanism of prosecution for failure to comply with legal orders of entities implementing the state sanitary and anti-epidemiological policy; expanding the list of powers of the National Police for the implementation of administrative detention, verification of documents and police custody within the sequestration. ; Исследовано современное состояние нормативно-правовой базы по вопросам предотвращения возникновения и распространения на территории Украины коронавирусной болезни COVID-19 и практики его применения уполномоченными субъектами реализации государственной политики в сфере здравоохранения и защиты прав и свобод граждан. На основании анализа законов Украины и постановлений правительства по вопросам внедрения санитарных и противоэпидемиологических мероприятий сформулированы предложения, направленные на урегулирование правового статуса Государственной санитарно-эпидемиологической службы, усовершенствование процесса производства по делам об административных правонарушениях в сфере здравоохранения и нарушения карантинных правил, внесение изменений в перечень органов и должностных лиц, уполномоченных рассматривать дела об административных правонарушениях о нарушении санитарных правил; оптимизацию механизма привлечения к ответственности за невыполнение законных распоряжений субъектов реализации государственной санитарной и противоэпидемиологической политики, расширение перечня полномочий Национальной полиции по осуществлению административного задержания, проверки документов и осуществления полицейского попечительства в условиях карантина.

As a result of the outbreak of COVID-19 and consequent restrictions, the distance education was introduced in Lithuania in 2020 spring (the first lockdown, lasted for around 3 months) and 2020 autumn (the second lockdown, still lasting, June 2021). The prevalence of children's mental health problems during the first lockdown was similar to pre-epidemic rates in Lithuania, but the prolonged lockdown (and therefore school closure) might have more negative consequences on children's mental health. This study aimed to reveal the incidence of mental health problems as rated by parents with a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire during the second lockdown in school aged children. This research sample included data of 514 children (46% girls), aged 7 to 14 years old (mean age 10.15 years,SD=3.47). The children's mental health problems were assessed using a Lithuanian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, parental form, in April–May 2021. Results revealed that 29.6% of Lithuanian children had scores in the clinical (abnormal) range of emotional problems and 21.6% – of conduct problems. Based on total difficulties score, 31.6% of children get in clinical range of emotional and behavioural problems, as rated by parents by the end of the second lockdown. The results are compared to pre-pandemic epidemiological rates of emotional and behavioural problems reported and those documented after the first quarantine in Lithuania and highlight important findings for professionals and policy makers about the detrimental effects of prolonged lockdown and school closure on children's mental health. ; Pasaulyje kilus COVID-19 pandemijai, daugelyje šalių, taip pat Lietuvoje, buvo paskelbtas karantinas ir įvesti ribojimai. 2020 m. pavasarį Lietuvoje pirmojo karantino metu buvo įvestas nuotolinis ugdymas mokiniams, kuris truko beveik tris mėnesius. 2020 m. rudenį buvo įvestas antrasis karantinas (ir nuotolinis ugdymas), kuris tęsiasi ir šiuo metu (2021 m. birželis). Nors pirmojo karantino metu vaikų psichikos sveikata pablogėjo, vaikų elgesio ir emocijų problemų raiška buvo panaši kaip priešpandeminiu laikotarpiu. Tačiau pusę metų ar ilgiau trunkantis antrasis karantinas (atitinkamai mokyklų "uždarymas" – ugdymas nuotoliniu būdu) galėjo turėti daugiau neigiamų pasekmių vaikų psichikos sveikatai. Šiuo tyrimu siekėme atskleisti pradinio ir pagrindinio mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų elgesio ir emocijų sutrikimų riziką, vertintą antrojo karantino pabaigoje Galių ir sunkumų klausimynu. Tyrimo dalyviai – 514 septynių–keturiolikos metų vaikų (amžiaus vidurkis 10,15 metų, standartinis nuokrypis – 3,47; 46 % imties – mergaitės). Vaikų elgesio ir emocijų problemas vertino tėvai – 2021 m. balandį–gegužę pildė Galių ir sunkumų klausimyno versiją tėvams. Rezultatai atskleidė, kad 29,6 % šiame tyrime dalyvavusių vaikų patyrė emocinių sutrikimų riziką (vidurkiniai skalės įverčiai atitiko nuokrypį pagal populiacines normas), 21,6 % patyrė elgesio sutrikimų riziką. Pagal bendros sunkumų skalės įverčius 31,6 % vaikų elgesio ir emocijų problemos vertintinos kaip nukrypusios nuo normos. Šie rezultatai lyginami su ikipandeminiu laikotarpiu atlikto Lietuvos epidemiologinio tyrimo rezultatais ir su kitų pandeminiu laikotarpiu atliktų tyrimų rezultatais. Atkreipiamas psichikos sveikatos specialistų ir politikos formuotojų dėmesys į vaikų psichikos sveikatą itin neigiamai veikiantį užsitęsusį karantiną ir ugdymą ne mokykloje, o nuotoliniu būdu.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of home violence in modern Ukraine and the peculiarities of the state social policy for its solution, because today home violence is a common problem among all segments of the population around the world. According to the National Police of Ukraine, on average during 2020, one person suffered from home violence every three hours. The article analyzes the results of sociological research conducted in Ukraine during 20192020 on the prevalence of various forms of violence and the impact of COVID-19 on the number of cases of home violence and more. Based on the secondary analysis of the results of empirical sociological research, it is determined that the most common types of home violence in Ukraine are physical and psychological. The increase in home violence is due to the introduction of quarantine, forcing victims to stay with the perpetrator. This has made it difficult to access legal aid and social services, as providing legal aid remotely (online, by telephone, etc.) is not effective enough when it comes to home violence cases. Also, based on the secondary analysis of the results of empirical sociological research, it was determined that there is a positive trend in the number of complaints of victims of home violence to the police. This is due to the fact that in recent years there have been changes in Ukrainian legislation, information campaigns against home violence have become active, and the work of law enforcement agencies with social services and NGOs has been established. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу проблеми домашнього насильства в сучасній Україні та особливостям державної соціальної політики щодо її вирішення, адже сьогодні домашнє насильство – це поширена проблема серед усіх верств населення у всьому світі. За даними національної поліції України у середньому протягом 2020 року від проявів домашнього насильства кожні три години потерпала 1 особа. У статті проаналізовано результати соціологічних досліджень, які були проведені в Україні протягом 2019-2020 років щодо поширеності різних форм насильства та впливу COVID-19 на кількість випадків домашнього насильства тощо. На основі вторинного аналізу результатів емпіричних соціологічних досліджень визначено, що найпоширенішими видами домашнього насильства в Україні є фізичне та психологічне. Збільшення кількості випадків домашнього насильства пов'язані з введенням карантину, через який постраждалі змушені перебувати із кривдником. Це ускладнювало доступ до правової допомоги та соціальних послуг, адже надання правової допомоги дистанційно (онлайн, телефоном тощо) не є достатньо ефективним, якщо це стосується справ, пов'язаних із домашнім насильством. Також на основі вторинного аналізу результатів емпіричних соціологічних досліджень визначено, що є позитивна динаміка щодо кількості звернень жертв домашнього насильства за допомогою до поліції. Це пов'язане з тим, що протягом останніх років відбулися зміни в українському законодавстві, активних обертів набули інформаційні кампанії проти домашнього насильства та налагоджено роботу правоохоронних органів з соціальними службами та громадськими організаціями.

Background: Borders play a profound role in human life. Although there has been extensive attention to issues of globalization, immigration, and human rights in the social work literature, our analysis of borders is related to, but different from, these issues. Our presentation uses a macro lens to analyze the range of issues that borders raise in both domestic and international social work practice. We address the question: How does social work engage in issues related to international borders? Methods: To address the research question we conducted a comparative case analysis of three borders: (1) U.S.-Mexico; (2) Northern Ireland (U.K.)-Republic of Ireland; and, (3) South Korea-North Korea. These cases were selected because each of them has critical, but different, border-focused issues that are relevant to social work practice. Data sources included the research literature and information from the professional social work organizations. In each case we provide background analysis of the border issue (history, politics, current status of the border). We then compared the cases on the following criteria: (1) forms of social work practice on each side of the border; (2) the border issues relevant to social work; (3) the role of social work organizations in directly or indirectly addressing the border issues. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify describe elements in each case. Findings: Comparison of these cases identified that borders become challenging when: (a) there is unresolved history (i.e., the border is contested), (b) there are economic disparities between the countries, (c) there is ongoing militarized activity. In the U.S./Mexico case, the social work profession's focus on human rights requires efforts to advocate for migrants and recognizes ethical challenges for social work practitioners working for agencies in the border region. In the UK/Ireland case, social work is very similar on both sides of the border, but the challenges posed by Brexit are only partially acknowledged in the social work community. In the case of North and South Korea, social work is firmly established in the South but does not exist in the North. In addition to identifying the unique circumstances of each of these cases, cross-case analysis identified more general themes including impacts on domestic social work practice and education, lessons for international social work, and additional consideration relevant to a broader range of border circumstances. Conclusion and Implications: Increased globalization has led to major reconceptualization in our understanding of borders. The COVID-19 epidemic demonstrates the limited relevance of borders in some circumstances (spreading of the virus) but the heightened relevance of borders in other circumstances (actions such as quarantine, travel restrictions, and immigration crackdown). This duality is reflected in the three cases that we examined and their implications for additional cases. Social work practitioners, particularly when engaged in policy practice have a role to play in framing the understanding of borders and the resulting policies.

AbstrakDalam rangka meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap kapal dan barang di pelabuhan, pemerintah mengeluarkan berbagai regulasi agar lebih efisien dan menarik investasi sehingga kegiatan ekonomi Indonesia terus meningkat. Salah satu regulasi yang dikeluarkan adalah kebijakan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) secara elektronik atau dikenal dengan nama Indonesia National Single Window (INSW). Inaportnet merupakan salah satu bagian dari implementasi program INSW yang merupakan sistem elektronik dalam pelayanan pengurusan dokumen kepelabuhanan (bongkar muat) dan dokumen kapal. Inaportnet sebagai portal yang dioperasikan dan diintegrasikan ke seluruh pola kegiatan pelayanan terhadap kapal dan barang ternyata masih belum memberikan pelayanan secara cepat, misalnya masih sering terjadi gangguan perencanaan kapal sandar, pemanduan, dan bongkar muat. Oleh karena itu, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode gap analysis dengan melihat beberapa aspek seperti teknis operasional, legalitas, dan kelembagaan. Penelitian dilakukan di Pelabuhan Tajung Perak melalui wawancara dan pengedaran kuesioner untuk mengetahui penilaian responden yang sebagian besar adalah para pengusaha pelayaran. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa meskipun telah banyak yang merasa nyaman dengan sistem inaportnet, tetapi masih ditemukan beberapa hal yang perlu peningkatan atau perbaikan agar meningkatkan kepuasan para pengguna jasa kepelabuhanan antara lain pelayanan labuh, pandu, tunda, dan tambat (PPKB-D), pelayanan Daftar Urutan Bongkar (DUB), rencana kegiatan muat dan penerbitan Kartu Stack Ekspor (KSE), pengurusan dokumen Persetujuan Ekspor (PE), dan perizinan karantina.Kata kunci: Pelayanan terpadu satu pintu, Inaportnet.AbstractInaportnet Implementation in One Door Integrated Services at Tanjung Perak Harbor in Surabaya: In order to improve services for ships and goods in ports, the government issued various regulations to make it more efficient and attract investment so that Indonesia's economic activities continue to increase. One of the regulations issued is One Stop Integrated Services (PTSP) policy electronically known as the Indonesia National Single Window (INSW). Inaportnet is one part of the implementation of INSW program which is an electronic system in the management of port documents (loading and unloading) and ship documents. Inaportnet as a portal that is operated and integrated into all patterns of service activities for ships and goods, apparently still does not provide services quickly, for example there are still frequent interruptions in berth ship planning, scouting, loading and unloading. Therefore, the authors conducted a study using the gap analysis method by looking at several aspects such as operational technicalities, legality, and institutions. The study was conducted at the Port of Tajung Perak through interviews and questionnaires to determine the assessment of respondents who were mostly shipping entrepreneurs. The results of the study stated that although there were many who felt comfortable with the Inaportnet system, there were still some things that needed to be improved in order to be more satisfying for port service users, including landing, scouting, delaying and mooring services (PPKB-D), list services order of unloading (DUB), planned loading and issuance of export stack cards (KSE), processing of export approval documents (PE), and quarantine license.Keywords: One Stop Integrated Services, Inaportnet.

This toolkit provides an overview, advice by example, and sources for further information on the best management practices for invasive alien species, to assist and direct those involved with biodiversity conservation and land management. An introductory chapter is followed by a chapter on building strategy and policy for national plans. Methods for the prevention of invasive species and the risk-analysis process, and methods for early detection of new invasives are reviewed. Different management approaches are broadly reviewed. The toolkit contains many case studies covering a variety of ecosystems (terrestrial, freshwater, marine), including examples from traditional sectors such as agriculture and forestry, and features many different groups of invasive species: mammals, molluscs, insects, reptiles, amphibians, fish and other aquatic organisms, weeds, trees, and plant pathogens and includes released biological control agents. Whilst the toolkit is global in applicability, there is a small island focus, which recognizes that the impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity is greater in small island systems.

ABSTRACT: Characteristics of college students in prison, effects of the context the university inserts in and its relation to penalty theories. Difficulties teachers face in a confinement context and COVID-19 aggravation. University experience during the pandemic and expectations towards the future, interviews and resources used by university professors in a confinement context. Inmates´ concerns and classroom scope. How does the environment impact on education policies during the pandemic? Which are the unpredicted derivations in face of the impossibility of having on-site classes in the penitentiary? ; Fil: Álvarez, María Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Elementos de Derecho Penal y Procesal Penal. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Fil: Palacin, Guido Adrián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Elementos de Derecho Penal y Procesal Penal. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Facultad de Derecho ; "Los autores agradecen la revisión y las observaciones a Pablo Zalazar. También agradecen al cuerpo docente del CUD y del CUSAM y a Julieta y Marcela". -- RESUMEN: Características del estudiante universitario privado de la libertad, efectos del contexto en que se inserta la universidad en la cárcel y la relación con las teorías de la pena. Las dificultades que tiene el docente en contexto de encierro y el agravante de la COVID-19. Experiencias universitarias durante la pandemia y expectativas a futuro, entrevistas y recursos utilizados por los docentes universitarios en contexto de encierro. Preocupaciones de la población carcelaria y los alcances del aula. ¿De qué forma el entorno afecta la implementación de políticas educativas durante la pandemia? ¿Cuáles son las ramificaciones no previstas de la imposibilidad de tener clases presenciales en la cárcel?

Artificial Intelligence (AI), also referred to as the new electricity, is the emerging focus area in India. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making. Most of the AI systems rely on historical large datasets for predicting future trends and outcomes at a pace which humans would not be able to match. The development of AI in India is in the initial stages and there is no regulatory body focused solely on AI. However, recently, Government of India has taken various initiatives related to AI such as establishment of Artificial Intelligence Task Force, formulation of NITI Aayog's National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence #AIFORALL, setting up of four Committees for AI under Ministry of Electronics and Information technology etc. Some of India's state governments have also taken few initiatives, such as establishment of Centre of Excellence for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (CoE-DS&AI) by Karnataka, Safe and Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy 2020 and Face Recognition Attendance System by Tamil Nadu, AI-Powered System for monitoring driving behaviour by West Bengal, AI System to fight agricultural risks by Maharashtra etc. As with any other technology, AI brings with it a span of opportunities and challenges. In healthcare, AI could be beneficial in mining medical records; designing treatment plans; forecasting health events; assisting repetitive jobs; doing online consultations; assisting in clinical decision making; medication management; drug creation; making healthier choices and decisions; and solving public health problems etc. AI could be very helpful in areas where there is scarcity of human resources, such as rural and remote areas. AI technology has been helpful in dealing with COVID-19 in India. It has helped in preliminary screening of COVID-19 cases, containment of coronavirus, contact tracing, enforcing quarantine and social distancing, tracking of suspects, tracking the pandemic, treatment and remote monitoring of COVID-19 patients, vaccine and drug development etc. The path for adoption of AI driven healthcare in India is filled with a lot of challenges. The unstructured data sets, interoperability issues, lack of open sets of medical data, inadequate analytics solutions which could work with big data, limited funds, inadequate infrastructure, lack of manpower skilled in AI, regulatory weaknesses, inadequate framework and issues related to data protection are some of the key challenges for AI-driven healthcare. It is recommended that government should support companies to invest in AI; encourage public private partnerships in the domain of AI and Health; enact and effectively enforce laws and legislation related to AI and Health; frame policies addressing issues related to confidentiality and privacy in the AI-driven healthcare; and establish a certification system for AI-based healthcare solutions. To adopt AI-based healthcare, it is important to train workforce in AI so that they can carefully handle sensitive health information, protect data against theft and use AI systems effectively. It is also crucial that healthcare decisions based on AI solutions should have a rationale and are explainable.

ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Akibat terjadinya pandemi COVID-19, pemerintah dan otoritas kesehatan menerapkan kebijakan social distancing dan phsycal distancing, PSBB, karantina, dan lockdown daerah tertentu. Kebijakan ini mempengaruhi kondisi masyarakat dalam aspek sosial dan ekonomi yang menimbulkan persepsi dampak sosial dan ekonomi. Hal ini mempengaruhi perilaku dan tingkat stres masyarakat sehingga meningkatkan potensi mengalami masalah kesehatan dan kehidupannya kelak, sehingga masalah dimensi kerentanan fisik dalam status kesehatan berpotensi semakin meningkat. Kerentanan fisik merupakan keadaan rentannya seseorang terhadap morbiditas atau mortalitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan persepsi dampak ekonomi dan dampak sosial terhadap dimensi kerentanan fisik dalam status kesehatan selama pandemi COVID-19.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan melibatkan 167 responden di Provinsi Jawa Tengah pada bulan Mei-Desember 2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling aksidental. Pengumpulan data menggunakan google form dan analisisnya menggunakan uji Korelasi Rank Spearman.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi dampak ekonomi dengan kerentanan fisik dalam status kesehatan selama pandemi COVID-19 (p-value = 0,414) dan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara persepsi dampak sosial dengan kerentanan fisik dalam status kesehatan selama pandemi COVID-19 (p-value = 0, 394).Simpulan: Tidak adanya hubungan signifikan antara persepsi dampak sosial dan persepsi dampak ekonomi dengan kerentanan fisik dalam status kesehatan. Kata kunci: Kerentanan fisik, ekonomi, sosial ABSTRACT Title: Perception Of Economic and Social Impact on Physical Vulnerability in Health Status During the Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study in Central Java Province) Background As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government and health authorities have implemented social distancing and physical distancing policies, PSBB, quarantine, and lockdowns in certain areas. This policy affects the condition of the community in social and economic aspects which give rise to perceptions of social and economic impacts. This affects the behavior and stress level of the community, thereby increasing the potential for experiencing health problems and life in the future, so that the problem of physical vulnerability dimensions in health status has the potential to increase. Physical vulnerability is a condition where a person is susceptible to morbidity or mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between perceived economic and social impacts on the dimensions of physical vulnerability in health status during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: This research is a quantitative research, the method used is explanatory research with a cross sectional approach involving 167 respondents in Central Java Province in May-December 2020. Sampling was using accidental sampling techniques. Data collection using google form and analysis using the Spearman Rank Correlation test.Result: This study shows that there is no significant relationship between perceived economic impact and physical vulnerability in health status during the COVID-19 pandemic (p-value = 0.414) and there is no significant relationship between perceived social impact and physical vulnerability in health status during the COVID-19 pandemic. (p-value = 0, 394).Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between perceived social impacts and perceived economic impacts with physical vulnerability to health status. Keywords: physical vulnerability, economic, and social