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Developing the portal of Russian for ELBEP project («Eliminating Language Barriers in European Prisons through Open and Distance Learning Technologies») the work group of Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI) considered its primary goal to create a set of visualization means facilitating students to acquire knowledge through e-learning technologies. We carried out. We visualize a number of learning tools: print materials; Flash-animations; exercises; videos; tests - using icons, at the bottom of the portal page. The main character of Flash-animations is a «teaching/learning object» possessing essential features similar to and acting as a human being, so it helps to visualize meanings of words and phrases introduced in the course. For certain didactic purposes tables, photos, pictures, drawings, etc. were used. Pointing at a certain object of reality is the gesture which helps a teacher in face-to-face communication to attract student's attention. We use color, size, motion or their combinations to point at a certain image for a student to understand what exactly is meant when he or she hears the sound pattern of a word, word-from or phrase. Videos are samples of everyday communication and the scenery helps to visualize the meaning of dialogues.

In distance education, the student's high educational autonomy and active participation in the learning process are key features of the educational process that contribute to the concept of self-regulated learning in this environment, as they make the learner responsible for acquiring the knowledge through fact-finding and reflective learning practices. In this context, the work looks at the contribution of the Written Works and Group Consultative Meetings in supporting self-regulated learning strategies in the education environment of the Hellenic Open University. In particular, the purpose of the work is to explore how the Written Works and Group Consultative Meetings activate the mechanism for the expression of self-regulated learning for apprentices in the context of the educational autonomy that the OR offers through its curricula. The investigation is based on the literature review of distance education and self-regulated learning. The conclusions of the survey show that written work and group consultative meetings in the OR are areas for teaching, communication, collaborative management and evaluation negotiations and therefore important pedagogical tools to support self-regulated learning and, in particular, self-assessment strategies, self-monitoring, search for information, search for assistance and time management, which demonstrates the need for effective planning and organisation in providing them. ; Στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση η υψηλή μορφωτική αυτονομία και η ενεργητική συμμετοχή του μαθητευόμενου στην διαδικασία μάθησης αποτελούν κυρίαρχα χαρακτηριστικά της εκπαιδευτικής διεργασίας που συντείνουν στην έννοια της αυτο-ρυθμιζόμενης μάθησης στο περιβάλλον αυτό, δεδομένου ότι καθιστούν υπεύθυνο τον μαθητευόμενο για την κατάκτηση της γνώσης μέσα από πρακτικές διερευνητικής και ανακαλυπτικής μάθησης. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η εργασία μελετά τη συμβολή των Γραπτών Εργασιών και των Ομαδικών Συμβουλευτικών Συναντήσεων στην υποστήριξη στρατηγικών αυτο-ρυθμιζόμενης μάθησης στο περιβάλλον εκπαίδευσης του ...

The world of work is changing. A century after moving from an agriculture-centered world to an Industrial one, from self-employed workers to salaried employees, our modern economies are slowly transitioning towards a new model: based on simultaneous collaboration and competition, the boundaries of contemporary organizations are blurring; information technologies are allowing individuals and companies to set base away from cities; shared working spaces are triggering new forms of collaborations between individuals and corporations.This White Paper aims at diagnosing key institutional tensions related to new work practices in the city, and putting forward questions and general propositions likely to overcome these tensions. The idea is to analyze how new collaborative communities and collaborative logics (of coworkers, hackers, makers, fabbers, and teleworkers) and more traditional collective activity and modes of decision making (of the city and corporations in the city) can jointly contribute to the co-production of harmonious new ways of life and new ways of working. Reinventing joint public policies, corporate strategies and citizenship appear here as a key stake where usual dichotomies between private-public, collaborative-non-collaborative economy, traditional citizens and hacktivists need to be overcome.We thus identify in this document a set of controversies around four strong political issues both for the city and the field of management, linked to the emergence of collaborative spaces:o Topic 1. Space, territories, and public policy on collaborative communities in the city;o Topic 2. Collaborative communities and their roles in education in the city;o Topic 3. Business models and their communication in the context of collaborative spaces and collaborative communities;o Topic 4. Collaborative spaces and their roles in innovation and entrepreneurial dynamics at the level of the cityBeyond our controversies, we underline three paradoxes which should be at the heart of new questions for policy-makers, ...

This article aims to present the steps and methods for collecting data from colleges with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) enrolled in Ulis (Localised School Inclusion Unit) College and following part of their teaching in the ordinary classroom. The study aims to better understand the nature and sequence of social interactions in the classroom between colleges with TSA and their teachers. The first part of the article provides a number of contextual elements (Law of 2005, modalities of schooling for students with AST, existing research on socio-cognitive specificities and schooling of students with AST). Our data collection approach, described in the second part of the article, takes into account these contextual elements as well as the methods used by other researchers in this field. An analysis of all these data resulted in a system consisting of four preliminary steps (sample compilation, collection of consents, selection and preparation of data collection methods, verification of the compliance of the draft with the Law on Computing, Files and Freedoms) and several methods of collecting data involving four sources of information (filmed observation, interview, examination of files, standardised test). ; International audience ; This article aims to present the steps and methods for collecting data from colleges with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) enrolled in Ulis (Localised School Inclusion Unit) College and following part of their teaching in the ordinary classroom. The study aims to better understand the nature and sequence of social interactions in the classroom between colleges with TSA and their teachers. The first part of the article provides a number of contextual elements (Law of 2005, modalities of schooling for students with AST, existing research on socio-cognitive specificities and schooling of students with AST). Our data collection approach, described in the second part of the article, takes into account these contextual elements as well as the methods used by other researchers in this ...

The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) movement is the latest "big thing" in Open and Distance Learning (ODL). MOOCs offer both opportunities and threats that are extensively discussed in the literature, including the potential of opening up education for all at a global scale. On the other hand, MOOCs challenge traditional pedagogy and raise important questions about the future of campus-based education. However, in discussing these opportunities and threats the majority of the literature tends to focus on the origin of the MOOC movement in the United States (US). The specific context of Europe with its diversity of languages, cultural environments, educational policies, and regulatory frameworks differs substantially from the US context. Accordingly, this article offers a European perspective on MOOCs in order to better understand major differences in threats and opportunities across countries and continents, including the use and reuse of MOOCs for regional or global use, via European or non-European platforms. In the context of the EU funded HOME project (Higher education Online: MOOCs the European way), a research initiative was undertaken to identify opportunities and threats of the MOOC movement for European higher education institutions. Three sources of data were gathered and analysed. Opportunities and threats were categorized into two levels. The macro level comprises issues related to the higher education system, European context, historical period, and institutional concerns. The micro level covers aspects related to faculty, teachers, and courses, thus to the operational level. The main opportunities discovered were: the ECTS as a robust system for formal recognition of accomplishments in MOOCs; the trend for institutional collaboration, stimulated by EU-funded programs; and the many innovative and alternative pedagogical models used in MOOCs published in Europe. The main threats mentioned were: implementation problems of the ECTS, difficulties in bridging non/informal and formal education; and too ...

After the Second World War, the OECD promoted the idea – which had begun to emerge between the wars in various European countries – that the creation of a comprehensive school system, bringing together all children from age 6 to 15 or 16, was the precondition for the democratisation of society and economic progress. This model was implemented very differently from one country to another. The ideal has now ended in disenchantment. Almost everywhere, the schooling of 11 to 15-year-olds is seen as the weak link in educational systems, a site of violence and suffering for pupils and teachers. A new system is being put in place, which some call post-comprehensive. Without abandoning the concern for equality, the international organisations are foregrounding a new system of reference based on performance obligations: skills standards, international comparisons through which each country's performance can be judged in a context of competition. The debate has moved on: the American New Right places its hopes in the market; the European texts propose several readjustments of the social-democratic compromise: an equality of performances which takes the form of the definition of key skills; an attempt at compromise between the ideal of redistribution, the imperatives of performance and the creation of a collective consciousness in pluriethnic and pluricultural societies which takes the form of the idea of inclusive societies. The comprehensive school and the debates surrounding it are liable to be overtaken before being analysed. A retrospective analysis seems necessary to do justice to the efforts that have been made. The way societies organise their educational system is a key element in the production and transformation of the social. This special double issue of the European Educational Research Journal examines the current state of the comprehensive model in Europe and formulates the hypothesis of a post-comprehensive era; in so doing, it addresses the fundamental problem area of the relationship between education and ...

1 22 ; SWORD ; [EN] This article considers the establishment of the category of ICH within the United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO) and examines the key principles of the international Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage that institutes this heritage category at the global level. Drawing on anthropological analyses of theoretical conundrums and practical hitches associated with the implementation of the UNESCO Convention at both the institutional and the community levels, the article critically assesses the concept of ICH and reflexively considers the different modes of anthropological engagement with this field. BARNETT, Michael; FINNEMORE, Martha (1999), The politics, power, and pathologies of international organizations, International Organization, Vol. 53, n° 4, p. 699-732. Robert Baron. (2010). Sins of Objectification? Agency, Mediation, and Community Cultural Self-Determination in Public Folklore and Cultural Tourism Programming. The Journal of American Folklore, 123(487), 63. doi:10.5406/jamerfolk.123.487.0063 BLAKE, Janet (2000), On defining the cultural heritage, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 49, n° 1, p. 61-85. BROWN, Michael F. (2005), Heritage trouble. Recent work on the protection of intangible cultural property, International Journal of Cultural Property, n° 12, p. 40-61. GAMBONI, Dario (2001), World heritage: shield or target?, Conservation. The Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter, Vol. 16, n° 2, p. 5-11. HALE, Charles R. (2006), Activist research v. cultural critique. Indigenous land rights and the contradictions of politically engaged anthropology, Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 21, n° 1, p. 96-120. KIRSHENBLATT-GIMBLETT, Barbara (2000), Folklorists in public. Reflections on cultural brokerage in the United States and Germany, Journal of Folklore Research, Vol. 37, n° 1, p. 1-21. KURIN, Richard (2007), Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage. Key factors in implementing the 2003 Convention, International ...

national hearing The constant upgrading of the powers of the European Parliament is one of the most significant features of the evolution of the institutional system of the Union from the outset. It is now a powerful assembly, and above all open, capable of influencing normative production and effectively undermining the Commission. However, the assessment of Parliament's influence is hampered by the development of practices such as 'trilogues', which promote the mainstreaming of agreements in the area of Islamic law and obscure the relations of power between the institutions. ; National audience La revalorisation constante des pouvoirs du Parlement européen est l'un des traits les plus marquants de l'évolution du système institutionnel de l'Union depuis les origines. C'est aujourd'hui une assemblée puissante et surtout très indépendante, capable d'influer réellement sur la production normative et de contrôler effectivement la Commission. Toutefois, l'évaluation de l'influence du Parlement se heurte au développement de pratiques telles que les " trilogues ", qui favorisent une généralisation des accords précoces en matière législative et occultent les rapports de forces entre les institutions.

International audience The establishment of policy is key to the implementation of actions for health. We review the nature of policy and the definition and directions of health policy. In doing so, we explicitly cast a health political science gaze on setting parameters for researching policy change for health. A brief overview of core theories of the policy process for health promotion is presented, and illustrated with empirical evidence.The key arguments are that (a) policy is not an intervention, but drives intervention development and implementation; (b) understanding policy processes and their pertinent theories is pivotal for the potential to influence policy change; (c) those theories and associated empirical work need to recognise the wicked, multi-level, and incremental nature of elements in the process; and, therefore, (d) the public health, health promotion, and education research toolbox should more explicitly embrace health political science insights.The rigorous application of insights from and theories of the policy process will enhance our understanding of not just how, but also why health policy is structured and implemented the way it is.

International audience Using data from a Beninese primary school, I argue for more ethnographic research to help us understand the daily manoeuvres head teachers in the Global South rely on making school work at the intersection of global reforms and local contexts

265 273 47 ; S ; Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) face barriers to the implementation and development of eco-efficiency that could be overcome taking advantage of the adequate stimuli and incentives. A previous research and a thorough literature analysis show Public Administration (PA) is a key stakeholder. PA could use better its tools to stimulate SME to improve their ecoefficiency. Among these tools it can be named well known command and control tools like legislation or taxes, but also price policies, green procurement, ecological education, eco-innovation support and others. This paper reviews these tools and how they contribute to overcome barriers to ecoefficiency by offering external and internal incentives for SME. The analysis is focused on the case of Venezuelan public administration and SME but it can be generalized to other case studies. In addition, a panel of experts validates the results and assesses the public administration tools by means of the policy Delphi method. The assessment is based on criteria like: market influence, capability of the public administration for controlling results, tool costs, impact on public administration image, timespan to get results, etc. The assessment, therefore, allows ranking and understanding the tools according to their effectiveness and efficiency to support SME to improve their ecoefficiency. Due to the specific characteristics of the case study: SME of Venezuela, the method shows the best mix of public administration tools includes mainly command and control tools. Also the mix includes certain new-approach tools like advertising about responsible consumption and eco-efficient products, or education/training in environmental responsibility. The method also allows understanding better how the tools will help accomplishing the objectives for ecoefficiency of the public administration. Therefore, this research provides a method for raising information to be used when planning the actions to improve eco-efficiency of the SME. Fernández-Viñé, MB.; ...

International audience Authority no doubt constitutes one of the most talked about questions in today's society. This work is an attempt to define authority and to relate it to the implicit processes which are responsible for it. Everybody agrees on how it differs from authoritarianism, but none the less its nature remains quite a mystery if we refer to what is written about the question. First of all it needs to be clearly separated from the question of power which concerns another dimension of the human way of functioning. The issue of education for children is furthermore particularly enlightening in as far as it raises the ques¬tion of the conditions in which it appears. One has to understand that authority is related to legitimacy which must be clearly distinguished from legality, in as much as it supposes specific processes which ultimately lead to the ability that man has for controlling his own desires. The moral code used by man owes nothing, in its very principle, to the social issues with which we are usually and constantly associating it. ; Traduction en anglais dans la revue de l'article par ailleurs publié en français dans ce même numéro

Sistematización de una estrategia de articulación entre ambiente y cultura, que interpreta una experiencia sobre la forma de abordar los conflictos socioambientales en un territorio a partir del examen de las relaciones entre el medio ecosistémico y las comunidades que lo habitan. El trabajo fue elaborado desde la Corporación Aldea Global, con los actores estratégicos del territorio de la cuenca del río Guarinó y la Charca de Guarinocito, entre ellos el Idea de la U.N. de Colombia como parte del Grupo Motor del PAI; todo esto, mediante procesos participativos a través de discusiones en grupo, de talleres o el desarrollo de guías de entrevistas, en el marco de los Planes de Acción Inmediata PAI, de Corpocaldas, el PDP-MC y la CHEC

The aim of this article is to reflect the emergence of an imaginary reflex praxis to contribute to the extensive production of educational materials in endogenous languages, far beyond literacy alone. The aim is to build forms and teaching content that can function as an integral education medium, and to adapt to subjects as complex and "high" as history, geography, natural sciences, and even civic education, and, in general, social sciences, from early school, kindergarten and primary school to the most advanced pre-university levels. This praxis was developed within the Normal School of bilingual teachers of the Mexican State of Oaxaca and a train-the-trainer network (Red EIBI: Bilingual and Intercultural Indigene Education Network) and then extended to governmental organisations (S.E.P.: Secretariat for Public Education, B.I.C. Network: Bachillerato Integral Comunitario) as well as non-governmental (C.M.P.I.O. — Coordination de Maîtres et Promoteurs Indigens de Oaxaca — or Plan Piloto, Tequio Pedagógico, Caracol Mazateco, etc.), or on the initiative of kindergartens in the region where mazatec, a major popolocane language (Eastern otomangue) is spoken. This methodology has been associated from the beginning with the production of a linguistic atlas describing the variation of the mazatec: it was both the practice of workshops with school organisations and civil society in mazatèque and field surveys on language variation, with restitution strategies associated with elicitation work, which made the project Almaz consistent with the descriptive and applied dialectology project (Léonard et al., 2012; Léonard, 2010). Here, we will focus on the method and context of the invisible writing workshops, without going into the geolinguistic issues associated with it as a watermark. ; International audience ; The aim of this article is to reflect the emergence of an imaginary reflex praxis to contribute to the extensive production of educational materials in endogenous languages, far beyond literacy alone. The aim is to ...

Neste artigo apresentamos as ideias de uma série de discursos a partir da qual as políticas públicas nas práticas corporais (relacionadas ao esporte) vêm sendo concebidas e implementadas com idosos e que constroem uma representação social particular acerca da velhice. Nessas políticas públicas, foram detectadas as dimensões sociais para o estudo, da qual foram identificados e classificados os traços que nos permitiram destacar alguns aspectos para sua interpretação e análise. Os progressos preliminares relacionados à abordagem qualitativa não buscam universalizar o conhecimento, como verdade única e fechada, mas para fornecer um quadro para a compreensão das nuances e características da realidade estudada. Nos discursos dos programas analisados há uma visão reducionista das práticas corporais na velhice, nos quais as práticas esportivas e os hábitos ascéticos são mostrados como bens utilitários para alcançar uma boa longevidade e também uma boa canalização, deixando de lado o subjetivo e o coletivo em que operam aqueles que estão passando por ditos cenários. ; In this paper we present the ideas of a number of speeches from which public policies have been designing and implementing that have embodied body practices (related to sport) with seniors and who build a particular social representation of ageing. In these policies, were detected to study social dimensions from which were identified and categorized traits that allowed us to highlight certain aspects for the interpretation and analysis of them. Preliminary progress is linked to a qualitative approach of research that do not pursue knowledge as universal and only closed truth, but to provide a framework for understanding certain features and characteristics of the studied reality. In the speeches of the programs analyzed there is a reductionist view of the body practices in old age, in which is shown to sports and ascetic habits like utilitarian goods for achieving good longevity and also a good channeling, aside subjective and collective meanings that ...