During the late 18th century, London's Hyde Park was often used as a space for military exercises and encampments. In this scene, British regiments that pacified the anti-Catholic Gordon riots of 1780 are seen standing around a portable shelter in the park. In the aftermath of the uprising, the scene is peaceful, with its rolling clouds, large trees, and lounging troops. ; https://digital.kenyon.edu/arthistorystudycollection/1040/thumbnail.jpg
Published to assist in providing funds "to relieve and support the innocent children and widows of the valiant soldiers inhumanly and unwantonly butchered" when "peaceably marching to and from Concord, the 19th April, 1775"--Cf. Pref. ; Attributed to Robert Donkin--Appleton's cyclopaedia of American biography. ; "Subscribers names"--p. [1]-[19]. ; "La fortune dispose des victoires ." ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44
Includes responses by King Charles. ; The answer to his Majesties propositions, of the gentlemen and freeholders which subscribed the fame at the Deanes house where the Sheriffe was. . May 11 . -- His Majesties answer to this returned by the Sheriffer -- To the Kings most excellent Maiestie --- The the Kings most excellent Majesty : the humble petition of many thousands of your Majesties peaceable affected subiects of the Countie of Yorke -- The Kings answer to the petition of the Country at the Court of Yorke, May 13. 1642. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; MU: Pre-1801 imprint.
This PhD thesis seeks to contribute towards closing a research gap in the knowledge about the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) as an African Union (AU) and United Nations (UN) authorised peace enforcement operation. In so doing, the study covers the period 2007-2017 and attempts to fulfil three broad objectives. Firstly, it examines the implementation of AMISOM mandate amidst foreign interventions and their underlying implications for the strategic AU-UN partnership. Secondly, the thesis attempts to examine any significant changes towards the implementation of the mandate by assessing the evolution of AMISOM's decade-long presence in Somalia. The analysis focuses on whether AMISOM has morphed into an exercise in self-interest or still pursuing the shared strategic objectives for which it was established. Thirdly, the study confronts the theoretical idea imposed by Western ideologies to export liberal democracy through peacekeeping operations, especially as it relates to regional peace operations. In a sense, it contrasts between liberalism and realism vis-à-vis peacekeeping operations in order to account for the case of AMISOM given the involvement of frontline states whose realist strategy in Somalia has presented a major dilemma. Given the latitude, the study adopts an interdisciplinary and mixed methodology approach in its analysis of foreign interventions and the pursuit of illicit commercial interests in a conflict economy milieu marked by attempts to counter al-Shabaab in Somalia. As a qualitative research, the study relies on primary and secondary data sources including relevant articles and journals, although aspects of quantitative method have also been used where appropriate. ; Esta tese de doutoramento visa contribuir para o preenchimento de uma lacuna de pesquisa no conhecimento sobre a Missão da União Africana na Somália (AMISOM), como uma operação de imposição da paz autorizada pela União Africana (UA) e endossada pelas Nações Unidas (ONU). O âmbito do estudo abrange o período 2007- 2017 e ambiciona cumprir três objetivos principais. Em primeiro lugar, examina a implementação do mandato da AMISOM no meio de intervenções estrangeiras e as suas implicações subjacentes para a parceria estratégica UA-ONU. Em segundo lugar, a tese tenta examinar quaisquer mudanças significativas em relação à implementação do mandato, avaliando a evolução da AMISOM após uma década de presença na Somália. A análise concentra-se em determinar se a AMISOM se transformou num exercício em interesse próprio ou se ainda persegue os objetivos estratégicos comuns para os quais foi estabelecida. Em terceiro lugar, o estudo confronta a ideia teórica imposta pelas ideologias ocidentais para exportar a democracia liberal por meio de operações de manutenção da paz, especialmente no que se refere as operações de paz regionais. Em certo sentido, contrasta entre liberalismo e realismo face às operações de manutenção da paz com vista a contextualizar o caso da AMISOM, dado o envolvimento dos Estados da linha da frente, cuja estratégia realista na Somália apresentou um grande dilema. Dada a latitude, o estudo adopta uma abordagem metodológica interdisciplinar e mista, na análise de intervenções estrangeiras e a prossecução de interesses comerciais ilícitos, num ambiente de economia de guerra marcado por tentativas de conter o "al-Shabaab" na Somália. Tratando-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, o estudo baseia-se principalmente em fontes primárias e secundárias, incluindo artigos e periódicos relevantes, embora alguns aspectos do método quantitativo tenham sido também aplicados.
