Suchergebnisse

Sexual violence, and particularly child sexual abuse, is a serious problem all over the world, México included. Given its importance, there are several preventive and care programs done by the government and the civil society all over the country but most of them are developed in urban areas even though these problems are especially serious in rural areas. Yucatán, a state in southern México, occupies one of the first places in child sexual abuse. Considering the above, the University Unit of Clinical Research and Victimological Attention (UNIVICT) of the Autonomous University of Yucatan, designed, implemented and is currently evaluating the program named "Sharing Mouth to Mouth: My Body, Nobody Can Touch It", a program to prevent child sexual abuse in rural communities of Yucatán, México. Its aim was to develop skills for the detection of risk situations, providing protection strategies and mechanisms for prevention through culturally relevant psycho-educative strategies to increase personal resources in children, in collaboration with parents, teachers, police and municipal authorities. The diagnosis identified that a particularly vulnerable population were children between 4 and 10 years. The program run during 2015 in primary schools in the municipality whose inhabitants are mostly Mayan. The aim of this paper is to present its evaluation in terms of its effectiveness and efficiency. This evaluation included documental analysis of the work done in the field, psycho-educational and recreational activities with children, evaluation of knowledge by participating children and interviews with parents and teachers. The results show high efficiency in fulfilling the tasks and achieving primary objectives. The efficiency shows satisfactory results but also opportunity areas that can be resolved with minor adjustments to the program. The results also show the importance of including culturally relevant strategies and activities otherwise it minimizes possible achievements. Another highlight is the importance of participatory action research in preventive approaches to child sexual abuse since by becoming aware of the importance of the subject people participate more actively; in addition to design culturally appropriate strategies and measures so that the proposal may not be distant to the people. Discussion emphasizes the methodological implications of prevention programs (convenience of using participatory action research (PAR), importance of monitoring and mediation during implementation, developing detection skills tools in creative ways using psycho-educational interactive techniques and working assessment issued by the participants themselves). As well, it is important to consider the holistic character this type of program should have, in terms of incorporating social and culturally relevant characteristics, according to the community individuality and uniqueness, consider type of communication to be used and children' language skills considering that there should be variations strongly linked to a specific cultural context.

In Nicaragua, as in the rest of the countries of the world, universities, like all institutions or organizations, are undergoing very significant transformations, which have to do with all their substantive functions, going through the academic to reach their context organizational Thus, faced with these scenarios, today's universities must be able to adapt to the new demands and demands of the market, technological progress and the constant changes of political systems, in addition to this, Nicaraguan universities and mainly public universities must face this process of adaptation in a context of sustained mass enrollment, which makes the task even more complicated. The way to manage a curriculum in this new context, is the subject that is addressed in the present essay, which is developed in such a way that, at first we conceptualize the term management, or rather we put it in context in a sense broad, to later give way to change management specifically in the field of universities. Given that our main interest is the management of the curriculum, the last part of the development of the writing is dedicated to addressing this issue, emphasizing the management of the curriculum by competencies. We can not stop making some conclusive approaches to the topic addressed, for which the essay ends with the presentation of our conclusions. ; En Nicaragua, como en el resto de los países del mundo, las universidades, como todas las instituciones u organizaciones, están experimentando transformaciones muy significativas, que tienen que ver con todas sus funciones sustantivas, pasando por lo académico para llegar a su contexto organizacional. Con estos escenarios, las universidades de hoy deben poder adaptarse a las nuevas demandas y demandas del mercado, el progreso tecnológico y los constantes cambios de los sistemas políticos, además de esto, las universidades nicaragüenses y principalmente las universidades públicas deben enfrentar este proceso de adaptación en una contexto de matriculación masiva sostenida, lo que hace que la tarea sea aún más complicada. La forma de gestionar un currículum en este nuevo contexto, es el tema que se aborda en el presente ensayo, que se desarrolla de tal manera que, al principio, conceptualizamos el término gestión o, mejor dicho, lo contextualizamos en un sentido amplio , para luego dar paso a la gestión del cambio específicamente en el campo de las universidades. Dado que nuestro principal interés es la gestión del plan de estudios, la última parte del desarrollo de la escritura está dedicada a abordar este tema, haciendo hincapié en la gestión del currículum por competencias. No podemos dejar de hacer algunos enfoques concluyentes sobre el tema tratado, para lo cual el ensayo finaliza con la presentación de nuestras conclusiones.

Исследованы методологические основы формирования инновационной бизнес-среды, способной конкурировать в инновационном пространстве и обеспечивать экономическую безопасность страны: выявлены ключевые методологические подходы к определению и формированию концептуальных основ инновационной экономики, конкретизированы сущностные характеристики, обозначены задачи, обеспечивающие достижение цели формирования архитектуры иннова­ционной бизнес-среды отечественной экономики, предложены элементы формируемой структуры. Проведено исследование бизнес-среды как совокупности факторов, способствующих развитию бизнеса, что позволяет включить в ее струк­ту­ру государство с функциями определения приоритетов и регулирования. Обоснована институциональная модель биз­нес-среды для поддержки инновационного предпринимательства, раскрывающая целесообразность первостепенной ор­ганизации взаимосвязи систем науки, образования, технико-технологических разработок и предпринимательства, которые являются основой для развития не только инновационной деятельности, но и инновационного мышления в условиях ин­новационного развития современного общества. Аргументирована необходимость решения задач по разработке комплексной концепции инновационного развития экономики России, созданию инновационной среды для национального бизнеса и построению инновационной политики по схеме «федеральное правительство региональные администрации бизнес». Дана основа понимания архитектуры инновационной бизнес-среды как совокупности субъектов предпринимательской деятельности, ресурсов и средств, обеспечивающих обслуживание инновационной деятельности. Доказано, что посредством формирования архитектуры инновационной бизнес-среды становится возможным обеспечить экономическую безопасность страны в условиях обострения межстрановой конкуренции на глобальном инновационном пространстве. ; This article describes the methodological basis for the formation of innovative business environment that is able to compete in the innovation space and to ensure the economic security of the country. The authors identifies the key methodological approaches to defining and establishing the conceptual foundations of the innovation economy, specific essential characteristics, tasks, ensuring the achievement of the objectives of forming the architecture of an innovative business environment in the domestic economy, the elements of the generated patterns. There was conducted a study of the business environment as the totality of factors contributing to business development that allows its structure to include the state with the functions of prioritization and regulation. The article substantiates the institutional model of the business environment to support innovative entrepreneurship, revealing the feasibility of interconnection between the systems of science, education, technological development and entrepreneurship, which are the basic foundation for the development of not only innovation, but also innovative thinking in the conditions of innovative development of modern society. The article argues the necessity of solving tasks of developing an integrated concept of innovation development of the Russian economy, creating innovative environment for the national business and building innovation policy on a scheme "federal government regional administrations business", provides the basis for understanding the architecture of innovative business environment as the aggregate of subjects of entrepreneurial activity, resources and tools, providing service innovation. It is proved that by forming an architecture of innovative business environment it becomes possible to ensure the economic security of the country in a worsening of inter-country competition on the global innovation space.

В условиях глобализации возникающие на экономико-политической арене конфликты затрагивают все экономические субъекты, особенно ухудшая условия функционирования предприятий различных отраслей промышленности. Конечно, многие хозяйствующие субъекты отдельных стран не могут оказать сильного влияния на происходящие мировые экономические и политические процессы, но в их силах заранее определить все возможные пути для обеспечения своей безопасности и минимизации различных групп рисков. Варианты решений разнообразны и зависят от большого количества внешних и внутренних факторов, субъективности подхода и доступных ресурсов. Одним из необходимых способов обеспечения эффективности экономикоуправленческой деятельности, сохранения производственных и реализационных масштабов является проведение оценки экономической надежности промышленных предприятий. Таким образом, в данной статье автором предлагается собственная методика оценки экономической надежности промышленных предприятий, в основу которой положен трехступенчатый алгоритм, позволяющий исследовать хозяйствующий субъект как с помощью учетной, так и внеучетной информации. В его рамках выделяются общий, специальный и частный этап, каждый из которых обладает собственной системой показателей и нормативов, шкалой оценки полученных результатов. Такой анализ экономической надежности охватывает достаточно большой объем информации о промышленном предприятии, исследуя его с разных сторон и с разной степенью детализации. Он дает возможность установить меру качественного и количественного воздействия каждого промежуточного результата на итоговый, а также в дальнейшем построить общий список проблем, выявленных в хозяйственной деятельности промышленного предприятия, и мер, направленных на их устранение. ; In the context of globalization the emerging economic and political conflicts affect all economic sides, especially impairing the conditions of the industrial enterprises' functioning. Definitely, many enterprises of different countries can't influence world economic and political processes, but they can determine all possible ways to ensure their safety and to minimize various risks. Solutions are varied and depend on a large number of external and internal factors, а subjectivity of approaches and available resources. The author defined that one of the main ways to ensure the effectiveness of economic and management activity, the saving of production and sales volumes is to conduct an economic assessment of industrial enterprises' reliability. Therefore, the author offers the new assessment methodology of industrial enterprises' reliability, which is based on a three-step algorithm and allows to explore industrial enterprises by means of an accounting and other economic information. It consists of the common, special and private stages, each of which has its own parameters' systems and the normatives, the scales of the obtained results' assessment. Such analysis of the economic reliability encompasses a large amount of information about industrial enterprises, exploring it step by step. It gives the opportunity to establish the qualitative and quantitative impact of each intermediate result at the final, then to build the main list of problems identified in the industrial enterprises' business activities and to select the measures aimed at their elimination.

Эссе анализирует финальную сцену из фильма «Бонни и Клайд» (1967), выполненную в технике рапидной съемки, с целью показать, как авангардное переизобретение приема радикализирует язык кино 60-х и наделяет картину актуальным политическим содержанием, несмотря на то, что ее действие развивается в эпоху Великой Депрессии. Автор обращается к статьям и книгам американских неоформалистов, а также к теории формального метода русской школы 20-х, тем самым, проводя связь между русской и американской теоретическими школами. Это эссе показывает, что работа с киноязыком режиссера Артура Пенна во многом осуществлялась согласно авангардному способу мышления, что революционизировало Голливуд 60-х. Эссе делает акцент на концептах «аттракцион» и «аффект», которые являются важнейшими для всего развития истории аудио-визуальной культуры. Через анализ этих концептов автор показывает, как переизобретение приема позволяет создавать своего рода новый «шок» и воздействовать на аудиторию, равно как и развивать киноязык в целом. Привлекая труды Бахтина, Комолли и Нарбони, автор пытается доказать что поэтическая радикализация языка всегда содержит в себе политическое измерение, что в свою очередь осуществляет своего рода переворот в сознании зрителя конкретного времени. Тот или иной выбор приема для переизобретения так или иначе связан с политическим, социальным и культурным климатом своего времени. Но работа с приемом лежит в основе собственно стилистических инноваций в кино. ; The essay analyzes the final slow motion scene of Bonnie and Clyde (1967) to demonstrate how the avantgarde reinvention of slow motion poeticized cinematic language in the 1960s and lent a contemporary political dimension to a film set during the Great Depression. The author's approach combines American neo-formalist theory with Bakhtinian analysis of the Russian formal method of 20s to establish a theoretical connection between the Russian and American theoretical schools. This essay shows how Bonnie and Clyde's film language developed in accordance with radical avant-garde modes of thought and how avant-garde thought revolutionized Hollywood in the nineteen-sixties. The essay treats such concepts as attraction and affect which have been relevant throughout the whole of film history. Through analysis of these concepts the author proposes that the reinvention of devices provides a kind of new shock which affects spectators and helps to make a breakthrough in film language. Employing texts by Bakhtin and Comolli and Narboni, the author also demonstrates that the breakthrough always contains a political dimension, its goal being to change the audience's view of a concrete historical time. Choosing the devices to reinvigorate always depends on the political, social and cultural climate of a given historical period. But the development of these devices forms the basis of stylistic innovations in cinema.

Рассматриваются основные подходы к понятиям «обязательное социальное страхование», «медицинское страхование», «правовое обеспечение» и «пенсионное страхование». Государством создана система правовых, экономических и организационных мер, направленных на материальную компенсацию в связи с изменением социального положения работающих. Обращено внимание на неблагоприятную демографическую ситуацию, совпавшую с обострением конкуренции на мировых рынках финансов и труда, что усилило неблагоприятные последствия для населения страны и привело к безработице, снижению затрат на социальное обеспечение, медицину, образование и культуру. Для обеспечения социальной защиты в новых условиях стало важным появление государственного социального обеспечения как дополнения к социальному страхованию. Разработана законодательная база социального страхования, созданы государственные внебюджетные социальные фонды: ПФР (Пенсионный фонд России), ФОМС (Фонд обязательного медицинского страхования), ФСС (Фонд социального страхования) и ФГЗ. Рассмотрены виды социального страхования в России и социальные риски (старость, инвалидность, утрата кормильца), а также виды страхового обеспечения. Освещен круг вопросов, касающихся размеров гарантированных выплат по обязательному социальному страхованию в России по отношению к западным странам. Отмечено, что социальное страхование должно осуществляться через автономные страховые фонды. Рассмотрены методы и приемы социального страхования, в том числе в порядке, предусмотренном законодательством Российской Федерации. ; The article deals with the main approaches to the notions of "compulsory social insurance", "health insurance", "legal support" and "retirement insurance". The government has established a system of legal, economic and organizational norms aimed at material compensation in case of change in the social status of workers. The authors draw attentions to the unfavorable demographic situation, which coincided with the increased competition on the world finance and labor markets, which strengthened adverse effects for the population and led to growing unemployment, reduction of budget funding of social security, health care, education and culture. In this case, the emergence of the National social security as an addition to social insurance played an important role to ensure social protection in the new conditions. The legal framework of social insurance has been developed; the following state extrabudgetary social funds have been created: Russian Pension Fund, Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, Social Insurance Fund and Federal State Law. The article describes the types of social insurance in Russia and social risks (old age, disability, loss of breadwinner) and the types of the insurance guarantee. The paper covers the range of issues that relate to the amount of the guaranteed payments on compulsory social insurance in Russia in comparison to those in the Western countries. The authors note that social security should be implemented through autonomous insurance funds. Methods and techniques of social insurance have been considered, including the ones effected in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

В статье рассмотрены современные тенденции развития круизной индустрии в условиях глобализации и интеграции региональных рынков туризма, динамика развития европейского рынка морских круизов и судостроения. Интенсивность развития глобального круизного рынка, который формируется на основе увеличения пассажировместимости судов нового поколения, требует поиска эффективного механизма функционирования морского круизного туризма в Северном Причерноморье. Необходим системный подход к рассмотрению инвестиционных предложений судовладельцев и круизных операторов по расширению программ обслуживания туристов в морских портах Украины, содействия в модернизации секторов экономики приморских регионов государства. Современное развитие рынка круизных услуг характеризуется сочетанием в нем практически всех форм международного туризма и объединением различных видов сервиса и организации досуга. Глобализация круизной индустрии, рост количества приема круизных лайнеров в морских портах требует активизации всех форм хозяйственной деятельности в сфере круизных услуг на территории портов и повышения их роли в приеме и обслуживании круизных туристов в приморских регионах Украины и России. Развитие рынка круизного туризма способствует привлечению инвестиций в портовую инфраструктуру, смежные сектора экономики и в результате создает мультипликативный эффект для региональной экономики. Сделан вывод о том, что задача интеграции украинских морских портов в международную круизную индустрию, проблемы модернизации круизной инфраструктуры портов требуют разработки целевых государственных приоритетов. ; The article considers the modern trends in the cruise industry in the context of globalization and integration of regional tourism market, the dynamics of the European market of sea cruises and shipbuilding. The intensity of the global cruise market, which is based on increasing passenger capacity of the new-generation ships require an effective regulatory mechanism of the sea cruise tourism in the Black Sea region of Ukraine. This conditions require system approach to considering of investment offers owners and cruise operators to expand the program of tourist services in the seaports of Ukraine, assistance in modernizing the sector the economy of the coastal regions of the state and ensure the priority development of marine economic activities. Modern development of cruise services market is a combination of it almost all forms of international tourism and merging of different types of services and leisure activities. Globalization of the cruise industry, the growth of the number of reception of cruise ships in the seaports of the state, requires activation of all forms of economic activities in the sphere of cruise services in the ports and their role in the reception and service of cruise tourists in the coastal regions of Ukraine and Russia. Evolution of market of cruise tourism contributes to investment attraction in port infrastructure and related sectors of the economy, and creates multiplying effect for regional economy. The conclusion is that the processes of integration of Ukrainian sea ports in the international cruise industry, the problems of modernization of the cruise port infrastructure will require the development of target government priorities.

Цель: выявление способов влияния налоговых стимулов на активизацию инвестиционно-сберегательного потенциала финансов россиян в пенсионной сфере.Методы: в работе применялся системный подход к рассмотрению финансовых и налоговых факторов, обработка и обобщение информации через статистические, графические и аналитические методы анализа.Результаты: на основе анализа действующей пенсионной системы выявлены особенности финансовых взаимоотношений участников системы негосударственного пенсионного обеспечения при формировании инвестиционно-сберегательного потенциала финансов населения. Проведен анализ положений налогового законодательства, статистической информации, на основании которого рассчитан эффект «налогового щита» при использовании инвестиционно-сберегательного потенциала финансов населения в структуре системы негосударственного пенсионного обеспечения. Рассмотрены варианты расширения инвестиционно-сберегательного потенциала финансов населения за счет создания налоговых стимулов.Научная новизна: в работе впервые рассматривается возможность применения налоговых стимулов для расширения инвестиционно-сберегательного потенциала финансов населения в рамках пенсионной системы. Также определена и обоснована необходимость увеличения действия «налогового щита», используемого при формировании пенсионного капитала граждан в системе негосударственного пенсионного обеспечения, который, расширяя действующие ограничения налоговых льгот, позволит увеличить формируемый пенсионный капитал населения.Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы при обосновании и реализации направлений совершенствования пенсионной системы России, а также ее налогового законодательства. ; Objective: to identify the impact of tax incentives on enhancing the investment-savings potential of the finance of the Russians in the pension sphere. Methods: in this work, a systematic approach was applied to the consideration of the financial and tax factors, processing and synthesis of information using statistical, graphical and analytical analysis methods.Results: basing on the analysis of the current pension system, the major participants of pension relations are identified, as well as their financial relations in the non-state pension provision system when forming the investment-savings potential of the finance of the population. The provisions of the tax legislation are analyzed, as well as the statistical information, on the basis of which the effect of "tax shield" is calculated using the investment-savings potential of the finance of the population in the structure of the non-state pension provision system. The options for broadening the investment-savings potential of finance of the population by creating tax incentives are considered.Scientific novelty: in the work, for the first time the possibility is considered of using tax incentives to increase investment and savings capacity of the population to finance the pension system. Also the need is identified and justified to increase the "tax shield" used in the formation of the pension capital of citizens in the non-state pension provision system, which, extending the limits of tax incentives, will increase the pension capital of the population. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the justification and implementation of directions of the Russian pension system improvement, as well as its tax legislation.

The personal social services in Sweden have undergone major changes during recent decades, partly due to the reforms caused by the influence of New Public Management (NPM) and partly due to the trend towards greater specialisation. These changes have had consequences for both social work management and for social work practice. The consequences for practice have gained attention both from research and from the field, but the consequences for managers have rarely been discussed. In this thesis therefore, the attention is directed towards the managers. Inspired by a mixed methods approach, this thesis aims to explore the personal social service managers' perceptions of their organisational conditions and the content of their everyday work, as well as to interpret the managers' experiences against the background of NPM influence, increasing specialisation and the specific circumstances that come with managing politically governed organisations. The results show that the personal social service managers in general were former professionals with extensive social work experience. The managerial work was to a great extent perceived as reactive, entailing constant interruptions and acute situations. The managers experienced a heavy workload that appeared to prevent them from engaging in strategic work and leadership to the extent that they would have liked. Substantial proportions of managers were dissatisfied with their own levels of influence compared to that of politicians and, in general, the managers perceived themselves to have more influence regarding aspects that were operational (such as methods and working procedures) compared to aspects related to organisational structure. Through the managers' descriptions of their relations with politicians, it was revealed that the roles could be muddled, and that both managers and politicians could have difficulties in distinguishing between politics and administration, or politics and profession. Several changes that could be attributed to the influence of NPM were described by the managers. Some changes had consequences for the more technical side of management, e.g. decentralised budget responsibility, increased focus on cost effectiveness and downsizing of support functions. Other changes were more related to the overarching concept of management, which had consequences for the choice of managerial training, the expectations placed on the managers, and to some extent the managers' own views on what good management should be. Despite the many indications of changes that may be attributed to NPM, an important result in this thesis is that NPM does not appear to have permeated social work to the degree that might have been expected. Rather, there are clear indications of a remaining professional identity among managers on all managerial levels, as well a continuing bureau-professional regime within the personal social services.

В статье предлагается авторский подход к выявлению теоретических основ государственной региональной экономической политики. Подчеркивается важность исторического экскурса, который позволяет рассмотреть эволюцию взглядов по мере развития производительных сил и становления государства как активного субъекта экономических отношений. Делается попытка отойти от дихотомии «капитализм социализм» и обратить внимание на такие категории, как хрематистика, космополитическая экономия, национальная политэкономия, промышленное воспитание нации, периферийный капитализм. На основе анализа дискуссий по поводу итогов реформы 1991-1992 гг. и более поздних высказываний как противников, так и последователей проводимого в те годы курса показывается ограниченность теоретических основ сторонников реформ. На основе выводов науки «геополитика» оказывается, что цели реформ (по крайней мере, со стороны западных экономических советников того правительства и ряда международных организаций) были выполнены: устранение конкурента на геополитической арене достигнуто.Пространственный аспект реформ, базирующийся на теоретических основах «новой экономической географии» (которая, в свою очередь, имеет в своей основе идеи свободного рынка), уже заставил существенно сократиться промышленную базу азиатской части России и ее трудовой потенциал. Потеря населения в этой части страны теперь ставит очень серьезные проблемы в свете желания (необходимости) поворота на Восток.Предлагается вспомнить опыт отечественных мыслителей и практических деятелей по модернизации экономики России/СССР прошлых лет ; In the article the author's approach to the identification of the theoretical foundations of the state of regional economic policy. The importance of historical perspective that allows you to see the evolution of views on the development of the productive forces and the formation of the state as an active economic actors. An attempt is made to move away from the dichotomy «capitalism socialism» and pay attention to such categories as chrematistics, cosmopolitan economy, the national political economy, industrial educationof the nation, peripheral capitalism. Based on the analysis the outcome of discussions on the reform of 19911992. and later as the utterances of opponents and followers held in the course of those years, showing thelimitations of the theoretical foundations of reform advocates. Based on the findings of science Geopoliticsis that the objectives of the reform, at least from the Western economic advisers to the government and a number of international organizations-made: the goal the elimination Soviet Union as a competitor in the geopolitical arena were achieved. Spatial aspects of the reform, based on the theoretical foundations of the«new economic geography», which, in turn, is based on the idea of the free market, has made substantially reduced industrial base the Asian part of Russia and its employment potential. Loss of population in this part of the country are now posing serious problems, according to the desire (need) turn to the East. It is proposed to recall the experience of Russian thinkers and practitioners of economic modernization in Russia / Soviet Union of yesteryear.

Despite the great geopolitical importance of U.S.-Turkish bilateral relations and multilateral cooperation in which both countries participate, it is noticeable that only a small number of authors outside the United States and Turkey deal with this topic directly. As both countries are considered to be important players in the international arena, such small number of authors outside the bilateral circuit can be understood as illogical in academic terms. Especially if we take into account a large number of countries which, after the adoption of Davutoglu's foreign policy doctrine, found themselves in a stronger international interaction with Turkey. Therefore, we consider that a selective review and critical analysis of scientific literature on modern U.S.-Turkish relations can provide the possibility of a deeper insight into the current Turkish foreign policy. In this paper author gives a critical review of thirty-five academic papers. In order to facilitate transparency and more complete analysis, the author suggests a classification of papers according to three criteria: the timeframe of the paper, the attitude of the author (towards the given problem), and theoretical approach of the author. The aim of this paper is to review the literature, and enable the reader to summarize certain conclusions which then can be used as guidelines for further research of U.S.-Turkish relations, and the Turkish foreign policy in general. ; Rad daje kritičku analizu dela literature o odnosima SAD-a i Turske sa ciljem da domaćoj akademskoj javnosti ponudi dublji uvid u aktuelnu tursku spoljnu politiku i tako pruži smernice za dalje istraživanje. Uprkos velikoj geopolitičkoj važnosti američko-turskih bilateralnih odnosa, kao i multilateralnih oblika saradnje u kojima obe zemlje učestvuju, mali broj autora izvan SAD-a i Turske direktno proučava ovu temu. Kako obe države zauzimaju značajno mesto na međunarodnoj sceni, ta činjenica se može shvatiti kao svojevrsna akademska nelogičnost. Naročito ukoliko se u obzir uzme veliki broj država koje su se, nakon usvajanja Davutogluove spoljnopolitičke doktrine, našle u jačoj međunarodnoj interakciji sa Turskom. Autor je analizom obuhvatio trideset i pet stručnih i akademskih radova, a njih je radi lakše preglednosti klasifikovao u skladu sa tri kriterijuma - vremenskim okvirom rada, stavom autora prema datom problemu i teorijskim pristupom u izučavanju problema. Analiza odabrane literature pokazala je kako se istraživački fokus tokom protekle decenije pomerao sa prirode odnosa dve države na objašnjenje prirode novonastalih problema, kao i da je stav autora prema perspektivama američko-turskih odnosa u velikoj meri determinisan aktuelnim sledom događaja. Autor zaključuje da se realistički i konstruktivistički pristup snažno preporučuju kao najpodesniji teorijski okvir za dalja istraživanja savremenih američko-turskih odnosa.

Aquesta tesi està orientada a l'estudi de la secularització del matrimoni, és a dir, com la legislació estatal espanyola va incorporar al seu ordenament jurídic el matrimoni que fins al segle XIX havia estat recollit pel dret canònic. En el seu origen, després en determinats moments històrics, aquesta va consistir en un transvasament de jurisdicció total, sense alterar el seu contingut primigeni. Aquest objecte inicial de transvasament es va superar i s'ha vist com es dóna un viratge en clau divorcista desprenent-se d'un element definitori com és la indissolubilitat, almenys en el seu sentit formal, donat que s'ha demostrat en l'estudi que el matrimoni té una vocació de perennitat. L'últim pas legislatiu en aquestasecularització ha estat el fet de permetre el matrimoni entre persones del mateix sexe, produint així una crisi d'identitat a la institució. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi ha estat demostrar de quina manera, després de perdre la nota de la indissolubilitat i d'un debilitament de l'heterosexualitat, acompanyat d'una mentalitat individualista, ens trobem amb un model matrimonial erosionat, amb un procés de desjuridificació i privatització forta i evident fruit d'una revolució social i cultural, però que dóna resposta als reptes de la nostra societat postmoderna. En la investigació es desvetlla com després de la seva deconstrucció serà el matrimoni qui inquirirà cadascun dels seus elements essencials i tornarà a edificar-se en la seva solidesa innata mantenint el seu paper vertebrador en la societat dels segles venidors. ; This thesis aims to study the secularization of marriage, that is, how the Spanish state has added to its national law the figure of marriage, which until the nineteenth century was only part of the canon law. Originally, and later at certain historical moments, this addition consisted of a pure jurisdiction transfer, not implying any change in its primal content. However, this initial approach shifted to a clear pro- divorce view getting rid of a defining element as the indissolubility, at least in its formal sense, as this study demonstrates that marriage pursues perpetuity. The last legislative step in this secularization process was to allow same-sex marriage causing an identity crisis in the institution. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how, in a clearly more individualistic environment, the fact of loosing the indissolubility nature together with a weakening of heterosexuality, have caused that we now face an eroded marriage model and a strong process of dejuristifying and privatization which are obviously the result of a social and cultural revolution responding to the challenges of our postmodern society. This research also reveals how after its deconstruction, the marriage figure should inquire each of its essential parts and be rebuilt on its innate strength maintaining its unifying role in the society for centuries to come.

การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาบทบาทในการกำกับดูแลเนื้อหารายการข่าวของผู้ประกอบการสื่อ องค์กรวิชาชีพสื่อและองค์กรกำกับดูแลที่เป็นอิสระของรัฐในโทรทัศน์ภาคพื้นดินระบบดิจิทัลและปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อการกำกับดูแลเนื้อหารายการข่าว ตลอดจนแสวงหาแนวทางการพัฒนาและปรับปรุงการกำกับดูแลเนื้อหารายการข่าวในโทรทัศน์ภาคพื้นดินระบบดิจิทัล โดยรวบรวมข้อมูลด้วยการวิจัยเอกสาร ประกอบกับการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้อง ผลการวิจัยพบว่า การกำกับดูแลเนื้อหารายการข่าวในโทรทัศน์ภาคพื้นดินระบบดิจิทัล โดยองค์กรกำกับดูแลของรัฐในช่วงของการปกครองภายใต้คณะรักษาความสงบเรียบร้อยแห่งชาติ (คสช.)ให้ความสำคัญกับเนื้อหาด้านการเมืองเป็นลำดับแรก โดยใช้ประกาศคณะรักษาความสงบเรียบร้อยแห่งชาติ (คสช.) ฉบับที่ 97/2557 และฉบับที่ 103/2557 ควบคู่ไปกับการใช้มาตรา 37 แห่ง พรบ.ประกอบกิจการกระจายเสียงและกิจการโทรทัศน์ พ.ศ. 2551 นอกจากนี้พบว่าในส่วนของการกำกับดูแลกันเอง ทั้งในระดับองค์กรสื่อและระดับสภาวิชาชีพ/องค์กรวิชาชีพข่าวยังคงมีลักษณะที่ไม่เข้มแข็งและปรากฏการออกอากาศเนื้อหาข่าวที่ไม่เหมาะสมอย่างต่อเนื่อง จึงควรส่งเสริม กระบวนการกำกับดูแลเนื้อหาและกระบวนการรับเรื่องร้องเรียนให้มีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้นประกอบกับการบังคับใช้มาตรการทางจริยธรรมอย่างเคร่งครัด The Regulation of Content of News Program in Digital Terrestrial Television after the 2014 CoupThis research is a qualitative study and has the following objectives – to study factors influencing regulation of news content in digital terrestrial television stations (DTT), to examine news content regulation role of the following players – the independent regulator of the state (the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission or the NBTC), professional media organizations (self-regulatory organizations or SROs), and news media operators; and to develop approaches for news regulation for DTT. Data was collected through document research of academic literature, related laws, and announcements of regulatory organizations from local sources and in the overseas as well as through in-depth interviews with key informants from the following groups – 1) 14 DTT operators – public service and commercial, 2) representatives from four media SROs, and 3) four senior executives who are policy makers related to content regulation at the NBTC.The research has these findings. News content regulation in DTT tends to prioritize political news. This is a direct result of the political context under the rule of a military regime led by the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) after the coup in May 2014. The NCPO has appointed a working group to monitor the media in all channels including television. This working group will notify the NBTC each week of their monitor result so that the NBTC's content regulation board could consider the problematic content whether it falls under section 37 of the Broadcasting Act which is the provision on forbidden content. They also use new rules like the NCPO Announcement # 97 and # 103 which are on public dissemination of information as framework for their consideration. In addition, the NBTC also uses other regulatory tools including time zone, content rating, and licensing conditions. The research also finds that media SROs are still quite ineffective when it comes to news content regulation as evidenced in continuous airing of inappropriate and unethical content. The SROs studied also lack clear regulatory and complaints-handling system. Furthermore, filtering technology that is available for DTT has not yet been tapped for content regulation or to encourage public participation in content monitor.The study recommends that self-regulation of news content by SROs be strengthened by standardizing the complaints-handling process, invigorating enforcement mechanisms, and promoting public perception about SROs as well as building public trust in their self-regulation system.

In the 2011 census of India, more than 2500 settlements have been newly inducted into the category of 'census towns' – the lowest size-class of urban settlements in India. This is a staggering figure in light of the observation that a comparable number constituted the total number of all urban settlements recorded since 1900. Furthermore, it has been revealed through aerial images, that a vast majority of these new census towns are situated away from million-plus metropolitan areas and are parts of smaller settlement agglomerations (Pradhan 2012). This geographical phenomenon of small-town based urbanization independent of state planning has been termed subaltern urbanization (Denis, Mukhopadhyay, and Zerah 2012). Taking this to be the point of entry, this thesis attempts to explore the nature of urbanizations unfolding in small-town India, from a subaltern studies perspective. It is meant to be an empirical and conceptual intervention into the dominant understanding of urbanization processes, both in state-led official accounts and in critical urban theory. It also attempts to throw light on the everyday politics of the production of the urban at these sites. The central question is to find out what a subaltern studies approach can reveal about this phenomenon of proliferating census towns.The analytical apparatus is built on core concepts of Subaltern Studies such as autonomous domains of political consciousness, and the notion of a sovereign historical subject. The empirical analysis combines discourse analysis of policy documents and official interviews, narrative analysis of personal interviews, participatory mapping exercises, and a household survey. The study was conducted in West Bengal - the state with the highest share of new census towns. The fieldwork was carried out in two towns in the south-western districts of West Medinipur (Garbeta town) and Bankura (Jhantipahari town). The thesis consists of five articles and an introductory 'kappa'. I argue that i) there exists a clear dissonance between the official epistemology and the locally circulating forms of meaning-making; which renders official classifications redundant for the lived experience of urbanization ii) a complex multitude of socio-economic logics are at work in shaping the dynamics of this urbanization process, which cannot be fully represented through existing categories of theorization: hence this is an attempt to push the boundaries of how urban justice may be conceptualized and iii) the urban here is amalgamated into the agrarian and thrives on the perpetuation of power relations that are characterized by the Hindu caste order, although everyday forms of 'resistance as negotiation' are incessantly at work to prevent the power structure from stagnating. Thus, I imagine the census towns as sites of dynamic continuity and call for a democratic historiography of the urban that can do justice to the radical heterogeneity of lived experience.

La cuestión habitacional en Colombia, es un problema latente donde no se ha logrado generar soluciones definitivas ni satisfactorias durante décadas. Por ende, el Gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos para el cuatrienio (2010-2014), promovió una política de vivienda que mediante el Programa 100.000 Viviendas Gratis, produjo unos resultados que permiten atenuar unas tensiones y conflictos o activar otros que le permitan al gobernante mejorar sus márgenes de maniobra, hasta un punto tal que logra imponer su proyecto político. De acuerdo a este panorama, los planteamientos para responder a la pregunta que busca evidenciar una posible politización de la política pública de vivienda, se presentan en tres capítulos : capítulo uno, se proyecta un referencial teórico de políticas públicas, desde su origen y concepción, junto a la política de vivienda en Colombia, partiendo de dos categorías de análisis, Roth y Jolly en Muller, desarrollan un instrumento de análisis llamado: Esquema original de interpretación para análisis de una política pública. Capítulo dos, se utiliza la Ley 1537 de 2012 como base para analizar la formulación y la implementación del programa en referencia, aportando evidencias que comprueban una posible politización de la política de vivienda, a partir del esquema original planteado en el capítulo uno. Capítulo tres, finalmente se realiza un análisis exploratorio de la implementación del Tercer Esquema a nivel de proyectos, a la luz de tres territorios. ; The housing issue in Colombia, is a latent problem which has not been achieved generate definitive or satisfactory solutions for decades. Therefore, the government of Juan Manuel Santos for four years (2010-2014), promoted a housing policy by 100,000 Housing Program Free, produced results that allow tensions and conflicts attenuate or activate other that allow the ruler improve its room for maneuver, to such an extent that manages to impose its political project. According to this scenario, approaches to answer the question that seeks to demonstrate a possible politicization of public housing policy, are presented in three chapters: Chapter One, a theoretical referential public policy is projected, from its inception and conception, with housing policy in Colombia, based on two categories of analysis, Roth and Muller Jolly develop a tool called analysis: Original Scheme interpretation of public policy analysis. Chapter Two, Act 1537 of 2012 is used as a basis for analyzing the formulation and implementation of the program in question, providing evidence that prove a possible politicization of housing policy, from the original scheme presented in chapter one. Chapter Three, finally an exploratory analysis of the implementation of the Third Outline project level, in the light of three territories is done.