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The article is devoted to the research of legal bases of protection of the rights of consumers of financial services in Ukraine. Based on a systematic analysis of current legislation and special sources, it is stated that the legal mechanisms for protecting the rights of consumers of financial services are currently at a rather low level. There are significant problems with the existing system of protection of the rights of consumers of financial services, which requires the introduction of its new model, which will provide a real increase in consumer confidence in financial institutions, providing legal guarantees for the protection of their rights and raising their financial awareness.The article analyzes the legal acts of the European Union aimed at protecting the rights of consumers of financial services, which stipulates the requirement of sufficient information when purchasing such services, the provision of services in the financial sector should not be carried out by direct or indirect deception of the consumer.The provisions of the new Law on Consumer Protection of Financial Services are investigated, which provides for the establishment of an effective mechanism for the protection of consumer rights, elimination of loopholes and inconsistencies in the current system of regulatory protection of consumer rights, and introduces the same rules for banks and non-banking institutions in the field of advertising financial services and providing information about them. The requirement of the Law on Compulsory Disclosure of the Real Value of Financial Products and Services will not allow financial institutions to indicate false interest rates on loans and deposits in advertising. The Law also provides for the right of authorized bodies to apply to entities providing financial services measures of influence and to impose administrative penalties on their officials.An important element of the legal mechanism for protecting the rights of consumers of financial services is the adoption of the Law on «Split», which provides for the reduction of the number of regulators and supervisors in the markets of non-banking financial services and empowering the National Bank of Ukraine with the powers of the regulator of the non-banking financial services market provided by insurance, leasing, leasing companies, credit unions, pawnshops and other financial companies. It will help create a financial system that meets international standards ; Статья посвящена исследованию правовых основ защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг в Украине. На основании проведенного системного анализа правовых актов Европейского Союза, новейшего законодательства Украины и специальных источников сформирован вывод о создании в Украине действенного механизма защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг, устранении пробелов и противоречий в существующей системе нормативно-правового обеспечения защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг, внедрении единых правил для банков и небанковских финансовых учреждений в сфере рекламы финансовых услуг и предоставления информации о них ; Розглянуто правові засади захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг в Україні. На підставі проведеного системного аналізу правових актів Європейського Союзу, новітнього законодавства України та спеціальних джерел зроблено висновок про створення в Україні дієвого механізму захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг, усунення прогалин та протиріч у чинній системі нормативно-правового забезпечення захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг, запровадження єдиних правил для банків і небанківських фінансових установ у сфері реклами фінансових послуг та надання інформації про них

The article is devoted to the research of legal bases of protection of the rights of consumers of financial services in Ukraine. Based on a systematic analysis of current legislation and special sources, it is stated that the legal mechanisms for protecting the rights of consumers of financial services are currently at a rather low level. There are significant problems with the existing system of protection of the rights of consumers of financial services, which requires the introduction of its new model, which will provide a real increase in consumer confidence in financial institutions, providing legal guarantees for the protection of their rights and raising their financial awareness.The article analyzes the legal acts of the European Union aimed at protecting the rights of consumers of financial services, which stipulates the requirement of sufficient information when purchasing such services, the provision of services in the financial sector should not be carried out by direct or indirect deception of the consumer.The provisions of the new Law on Consumer Protection of Financial Services are investigated, which provides for the establishment of an effective mechanism for the protection of consumer rights, elimination of loopholes and inconsistencies in the current system of regulatory protection of consumer rights, and introduces the same rules for banks and non-banking institutions in the field of advertising financial services and providing information about them. The requirement of the Law on Compulsory Disclosure of the Real Value of Financial Products and Services will not allow financial institutions to indicate false interest rates on loans and deposits in advertising. The Law also provides for the right of authorized bodies to apply to entities providing financial services measures of influence and to impose administrative penalties on their officials.An important element of the legal mechanism for protecting the rights of consumers of financial services is the adoption of the Law on «Split», which provides for the reduction of the number of regulators and supervisors in the markets of non-banking financial services and empowering the National Bank of Ukraine with the powers of the regulator of the non-banking financial services market provided by insurance, leasing, leasing companies, credit unions, pawnshops and other financial companies. It will help create a financial system that meets international standards ; Статья посвящена исследованию правовых основ защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг в Украине. На основании проведенного системного анализа правовых актов Европейского Союза, новейшего законодательства Украины и специальных источников сформирован вывод о создании в Украине действенного механизма защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг, устранении пробелов и противоречий в существующей системе нормативно-правового обеспечения защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг, внедрении единых правил для банков и небанковских финансовых учреждений в сфере рекламы финансовых услуг и предоставления информации о них ; Розглянуто правові засади захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг в Україні. На підставі проведеного системного аналізу правових актів Європейського Союзу, новітнього законодавства України та спеціальних джерел зроблено висновок про створення в Україні дієвого механізму захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг, усунення прогалин та протиріч у чинній системі нормативно-правового забезпечення захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг, запровадження єдиних правил для банків і небанківських фінансових установ у сфері реклами фінансових послуг та надання інформації про них

A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Professional Doctorate Leadership in Children and Young People's Services (Youth Justice) ; This thesis explores the use out of court disposals as responses to offending by 10–17 year olds, through analysing a case study of a diversionary practice in one local authority between 2012 and 2014. The case study is made up from mixed methods data from fourteen service user interviews and a focus group of six staff who had been involved in the delivery model, which included some visual methods. There is also some data from local authority systems that provides insight into the service contact patterns of the interviewees. The data is thematically analysed using a framework based on ecological systems from Bronfenbrenner (1979) and Bourdieu's 'thinking tools' (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992). The work of France et al (2012), which proposed the notion of 'political ecology' as useful for understanding young people's relationship with crime, is extended to provide a framework for understanding practice that diverts young people from prosecution. The thesis contributes to knowledge by showing how 'diversion' includes a range of practices whose operation can be understood in terms of Bourdieu's social fields. This data challenges a traditional construct of 'the system' and suggests that the notion of system entry is unhelpful for understanding the experiences of young people. Some young people emerge as having contact with a wide range of services including social care and early help and thus they can be considered to already be system involved when this broader picture is considered. Thus a notion of 'keeping them out' of the system, as suggested at the focus group as a rationale for offering minimal service responses, was mismatched with their experiences and their needs. There is also critical discussion of how the practice of community resolution by police without involvement from young peoples' services can be considered as a separate field of practice and is usually understood as being outside 'the system'. Insight is gained into the ecological worlds of service users and this offers a sense of how diversionary processes are contextualised by a range of influences, which are analysed by applying the notion of political ecology. Many of these young people faced considerable social adversity and very minimalist responses in the name of diversion which produced a mismatch in terms of service offers and need. Bourdieu's thinking tools are applied to promote critical reflexivity. The mismatch is relevant to understanding ideas of labelling and how this may be understood in terms of social interaction. Insight from the reflexive analysis shows how young people attribute varying levels of significance to receiving out of court disposals and related services which is affected by social context. It is suggested that to promote desistance clarity about disposals and relatability of responses need to be promoted. Also a sense of connectedness to others stood out as important to preventive processes. There are implications for policy and practice which include a need for joined up decision-making between police and young people's services and relationship-based practice approaches for those young people with more complexity of need.

Paper presented at the 5th Strathmore International Mathematics Conference (SIMC 2019), 12 - 16 August 2019, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya ; This paper argues that one of the most critical aspects of primary mathematics teacher education that is missing at both training and classroom practice is a course design that allows both the college tutor educator and the classroom teacher the opportunity to venture outside the adopted and tested mathematics curriculum and bring in new strategies that enhance learning. From onset the identification of content and curriculum that would lead to a realization of national education goals has resulted in a reproduction of the same strategies and approaches at teaching, training and evaluation levels. While curriculum reform documents express the need for development of twenty first skills in and through teaching and training, syllabi produced, learner course books and teachers' guides, and college course books remain theoretically inclined, with the same strategies that are predominantly teacher-centered. Both teacher trainees and practicing teachers are guided and contained as the y await a test that will confirm how much they can remember The curriculum developer, Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD), focuses on algorithms, computation through carefully outlined steps which are then tested by the Kenya National Examination Council mandated to evaluate and certify performance of the primary school learners and the college teacher trainees. . Continuous professional development among teachers organized by different government departments often repeats what is in course books, identifies new strategies that teachers are again required to follow putting them in the same situation where they cannot venture outside of given procedures. The function of the college mathematics teacher educator is to impart knowledge, skills and attitudes to trainees that must be transferred to learners, the effectiveness of that transfer being demonstrated through performance in mathematics of primary school learners While the educator does not directly interact with the primary school learner, their capacity to influence outcomes in mathematics at this level cannot be ignored. The educator needs to develop in the trainee an inquisitive, adventurous, reflective and innovative attitude for onward transfer to learners for improved performance in mathematics. The mathematics educator needs to have a clear understanding of practicing teachers' experiences and needs. The current model primary schools attached to teacher training colleges should be used towards this end. This will challenge tutors to develop and grow strategies for trainees that are oriented towards problem solving, critical and logical thinking. Assurance of Learning as opposed to examination results needs to be the primary concern which should be assessed through increased practical teaching for trainees as they transfer acquired skills and knowledge to primary school learners Continuous professional development needs to identify novel strategies that can also be introduced to trainees as their capacity for teaching is improved. College tutors need to engage in action research, collaborative teaching and in house workshops to continue developing their own teaching and training methods. Primary mathematics teacher trainees often prefer to learn and teach mathematics the way they were taught in secondary school. There is therefore need to link mathematics education between the universities that prepares secondary school mathematics teachers, and teacher training colleges. ; St. Johns Teachers, Truining College, Kenya.

Studies of civil-military relations and political parties in democratic Indonesia which gives deeper attention to the role of the military retirees (purnawirawan) in the democratization are still rare. The few studies that have been carried out only explore their role in the political contestation of presidential elections as key actors in supporting candidates and mobilizing votes. This study explains the meaning of the rise of purnawirawan's involvement, not only in the political contestation, but also the extent of their contribution to the development of political parties and their performance in legislative institutions and public offices in the government. Overall the study investigates the contribution of their roles in the early democratic transition and the consolidation period Three aspects were analyzed. The first aspect was political parties that had a large number of purnawirawan. From the dataset produced by this study, there were four political parties that became the units of analysis, namely PDI-P, Golkar, Democratic Party and Gerindra. The second aspect was the roles of purnawirawan from those four parties in the elections and legislative institutions. The third aspect was the roles of purnawirawan with the parties and non-parties background within the central and local governments. This study limits the research period from 1998 to 2014. In this period, there were five elections. The discussion begins with the period from 1998-2004 as the background of the emergence of purnawirawan in the direct elections and the presidential contest which began in 2004 where full-time participation in the political contestation took place massively. There are three hypotheses in this research. The first is that trends of purnawirawan's participation in politics and political parties were the effects of structural changes resulting from the military reform and the multi-party systems. The second is that Purnawirawan contributed to the uniqueness of the development of party organizations that combined thin military values with a model of civilian organization. The third is that the role of purnawirawan in political parties and public offices was driven by the importance of continuing military doctrines to influence the state policy-making processes. This study is an intersection between the study of party organizations and the study of civil military relations in emerging democracy. The analytical framework developed combines the theories of the development of political parties and civilian control over the military to test the causal relationship between the involvement of purnawirawan in political parties, their performance in the parliament and the government, as well as their contribution to the democratization in Indonesia. There are three important findings of this study. The first finding is that in the multi-parties system, purnawirawan worked hard not only to gain positions in the parliament and the government, but also to build political parties as political vehicles. This confirms that they were important actors in the party development. The second finding is that some parties established by purnawirawan were able to survive in the elections and obtain parliamentary seats. The parties were managed with a democratic vision, but still colored by militaristic characters. The third finding is that purnawirawan's political participation in the democracy of Indonesia was driven by their personal interests to be posted in public offices and their responsibility as state guardians in the form of civilian politicians.

Treballs Finals de Màster de Comunicació Especialitzada, Facultat de Filologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2018-2019, Tutores: Edmon Girbal i Alba Guimerà ; [spa] Se observa con creciente evidencia que una comunicación empática y próxima entre el médico y el paciente tiene un efecto positivo tanto en el diagnóstico como en el tratamiento y la recuperación de la persona enferma. Sin embargo, la herencia de un patrón clásicamente paternalista y la existencia de ciertas barreras comunicacionales que persisten a día de hoy impiden a menudo que se optimice una relación eficiente y beneficiosa para ambos interlocutores. El presente trabajo tiene la finalidad de analizar distintos aspectos que influyen actualmente en la relación médicopaciente desde una perspectiva comunicativa. Para ello se encuestaron un total de 103 pacientes y los 24 médicos que los atendían en el Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, con preguntas relativas a la autonomía del paciente, la proximidad del vínculo asistencial, el uso de recursos empáticos o de cortesía y factores externos como el espacio o el tiempo de consulta. Según los datos obtenidos, los médicos consideran que su conducta hacia el paciente es empática y que su relación se basa en un modelo más democrático que paternalista. Por el contrario, los usuarios perciben menor autonomía y un vínculo más distante. Además, tanto un grupo como otro rehúsa cambios en la distribución del espacio de la consulta como medida de proximidad y, concretamente, los pacientes rechazan también alargar el tiempo de la consulta para mejorar su relación con el médico. Por este motivo creemos que las estrageias de mejora deben orientarse hacia la enseñanza y el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas entre los profesionales sanitarios a fin de optimizar y potenciar los beneficios de una relación médico-paciente eficiente. ; [eng] An empathic and close communication between the doctor and the patient has lately been reported to have a positive effect in the diagnosis, the treatment and the recovery of the sick person. However, the inheritance of a classically paternalistic pattern and the existence of certain communicational barriers persiting nowadays often hampers the optimization of an efficient relationship. The present work aims to analyse different aspects that currently influence the doctorpatient relationship from a communicative perspective. To this end, 103 patients and 24 physicians who attended them at the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona were surveyed, with questions regarding patient autonomy, the proximity of the care link, the use of empathic or courtesy resources and the presence of external factors such as the room or the time of consultation. According to the data obtained, doctors consider that their behavior towards the patient is empathetic and that their relationship is based on a more democratic than paternalistic model. On the contrary, patients perceive less autonomy and a more distant link. In addition, both groups refuse changes in the distribution of the consultation room as a measure of proximity and, specifically, patients also refuse to extend the time of the consultation to improve their relationship with the doctor. For this reason, we believe that learning and development of communication skills should be promoted among health professionals in order to optimize their beneficial potential.

Se observa con creciente evidencia que una comunicación empática y próxima entre el médico y el paciente tiene un efecto positivo tanto en el diagnóstico como en el tratamiento y la recuperación de la persona enferma. Sin embargo, la existencia de ciertas barreras comunicacionales hoy en día impide que se optimice una relación eficiente y beneficiosa para ambos interlocutores. El presente trabajo tiene la finalidad de analizar distintos aspectos que influyen en la relación médico-paciente desde una perspectiva comunicativa y comparar las percepciones que ambos interlocutores tienen de su interacción en la consulta médica. Para ello, se encuestaron un total de 103 pacientes y los 24 médicos del Institut Clinic Cardiovascular del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona con preguntas relativas a la autonomía del paciente, la proximidad del vínculo asistencial, el uso de recursos empáticos o de cortesía y factores externos como el espacio o el tiempo de consulta. Así, se observó que los médicos consideran que su conducta hacia el paciente es empática y que su relación se basa en un modelo más democrático que paternalista. Por el contrario, los usuarios perciben menor autonomía y un vínculo más distante. Además, tanto un grupo como otro rehúsa cambios en la distribución del espacio de la consulta como medida de proximidad y, concretamente, los pacientes rechazan también alargar el tiempo de la consulta. Se concluye así, que las estrategias de mejora deben orientarse preferiblemente hacia la enseñanza y el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas entre los profesionales sanitarios. Palabras clave: paciente, médico, relación, comunicación, empatía. ; Analysis of the doctor-patient communication in the Hospital Clínic: self-perceptual differences between doctors and patients. It is observed with increasing evidence that empathic and close communication between the doctor and the patient has a positive effect both in the diagnosis and in the treatment and recovery of the sick person. However, the existence of certain communication barriers today prevents an efficient and beneficial relationship for both partners from being optimized. The purpose of the present study is to analyze different aspects that currently influence the doctor-patient relationship from a communicative perspective and to contrast the perceptions that doctors and patients have of their interaction in the medical consultation. To this aim, 103 patients and 24 physicians who attended them at the Institut Clinic Cardiovascular of the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona were surveyed with questions regarding patient autonomy, the proximity of the care link, the use of empathic or courtesy resources and the presence of external factors such as the room or the time of consultation. We observed that doctors consider that their behavior towards the patient is empathetic and that their relationship is based on a more democratic than paternalistic model. On the contrary, patients perceive less autonomy and a more distant link. In addition, both groups refuse changes in the distribution of the consultation room as a measure of proximity and, specifically, patients also refuse to extend the time of the consultation to improve their relationship with the doctor. Learning and development of communication skills should be promoted among health professionals in order to optimize their beneficial potential.

The article is devoted to the research of legal bases of protection of the rights of consumers of financial services in Ukraine. Based on a systematic analysis of current legislation and special sources, it is stated that the legal mechanisms for protecting the rights of consumers of financial services are currently at a rather low level. There are significant problems with the existing system of protection of the rights of consumers of financial services, which requires the introduction of its new model, which will provide a real increase in consumer confidence in financial institutions, providing legal guarantees for the protection of their rights and raising their financial awareness.The article analyzes the legal acts of the European Union aimed at protecting the rights of consumers of financial services, which stipulates the requirement of sufficient information when purchasing such services, the provision of services in the financial sector should not be carried out by direct or indirect deception of the consumer.The provisions of the new Law on Consumer Protection of Financial Services are investigated, which provides for the establishment of an effective mechanism for the protection of consumer rights, elimination of loopholes and inconsistencies in the current system of regulatory protection of consumer rights, and introduces the same rules for banks and non-banking institutions in the field of advertising financial services and providing information about them. The requirement of the Law on Compulsory Disclosure of the Real Value of Financial Products and Services will not allow financial institutions to indicate false interest rates on loans and deposits in advertising. The Law also provides for the right of authorized bodies to apply to entities providing financial services measures of influence and to impose administrative penalties on their officials.An important element of the legal mechanism for protecting the rights of consumers of financial services is the adoption of the Law on «Split», which provides for the reduction of the number of regulators and supervisors in the markets of non-banking financial services and empowering the National Bank of Ukraine with the powers of the regulator of the non-banking financial services market provided by insurance, leasing, leasing companies, credit unions, pawnshops and other financial companies. It will help create a financial system that meets international standards ; Статья посвящена исследованию правовых основ защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг в Украине. На основании проведенного системного анализа правовых актов Европейского Союза, новейшего законодательства Украины и специальных источников сформирован вывод о создании в Украине действенного механизма защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг, устранении пробелов и противоречий в существующей системе нормативно-правового обеспечения защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг, внедрении единых правил для банков и небанковских финансовых учреждений в сфере рекламы финансовых услуг и предоставления информации о них ; Розглянуто правові засади захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг в Україні. На підставі проведеного системного аналізу правових актів Європейського Союзу, новітнього законодавства України та спеціальних джерел зроблено висновок про створення в Україні дієвого механізму захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг, усунення прогалин та протиріч у чинній системі нормативно-правового забезпечення захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг, запровадження єдиних правил для банків і небанківських фінансових установ у сфері реклами фінансових послуг та надання інформації про них

Bienen gelten als drittwichtigstes Nutztier. Ein Großteil der landwirtschaftlichen Erträge ist von Bestäubungsleistungen abhängig, wodurch sich der ökonomische Wert der Biene und deren Leistungen als enorm darstellen (Calderone 2012, S. 6). So erfuhr die Imkerei in den letzten Jahren große wissenschaftliche, politische als auch mediale Aufmerksamkeit. Hervorzuheben ist, dass durch die vom Menschen veränderte Umwelt, Honigbienen beinahe ausschließlich auf menschliche Pflege angewiesen sind um dauerhaft überleben zu können. Dies zeigt die große Verantwortung der Imkerschaft (Hausmann & Dossenbach 2014, S. 7; Wermelinger 2013, S. 10) und die Abhängigkeit von Mensch und Umwelt (Keppler & Hähnle 2008, S. 21). Oft verbleiben ImkerInnen jedoch im Un-wissen über ihre Wahl der Bienenbewirtschaftungsform. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über mögliche Chancen und Risiken der biologischen Imkereiform im Vergleich zu konventionell geführten Imkereien aus Sicht der ImkerInnen. Zur Erarbeitung einer Stärken-Schwächen-Chancen-Risiken-Analyse (SWOT-Analyse) werden auf Basis der EU Bio Verordnung 889/2008 und ergänzender Literatur Unterschiede der Imkereitypen systematisch aufgearbeitet. Eine schriftliche Umfrage unter konventionellen und biologischen ImkerInnen ermöglicht eine Evaluierung der aufgestellten SWOT-Elemente. Daneben werden Einstellungen und Wahrnehmun-gen hinsichtlich verschiedener Netzwerkfaktoren der Imkerschaft erhoben. Dies bietet eine Grundlage um Netzwerkfaktoren der Imkerschaft mittels deskriptiver Statistik zu analysieren und mögliche Strukturen zu erkennen, die Rückschlüsse auf Chancen und Risiken einer biologischen Imkereiform liefern. Als Chancen, welche sich für ImkerInnen aus einer biologischen Bewirtschaftungsform im Vergleich zur konventionellen Bienenbewirtschaftung ergeben, lassen sich Zertifizierungen zur Qualitätssicherung, Trend zu Produkten aus biologischer Herkunft sowie der naturnahe Umgang mit Bienen identifizieren. Dem hingegen werden geringes Wissen über die biologische Betriebsweise, Abhängigkeiten der Standortwahl sowie etwaige höhere Imkereikosten als Risiken angesehen. Diese spiegeln sich zudem in den Netzwerkverbindungen sowie den wahrgenommenen Einflussstärken wider. Zur Auswertung wird ein Python-Skript entwickelt, welches für weiterführende oder ähnliche Auswertungen als Basis dienen kann. ; Bees are considered as the third most important livestock. A huge amount of agricultural yields depends on its pollination (Calderone 2012, p. 6). In recent years, beekeeping has received great scientific, political and media attention. In this regard, it should be emphasized, that honey bees rely on human care to survive in the long term because of the man-made surroundings. This shows the responsibility of beekeeping (Hausmann & Dossenbach 2014, p. 7; Wermelinger 2013, p. 10) and the dependence between humans and environment (Keppler & Hähnle 2008, p. 21). Often, beekeepers are uncertain in their choice of beekeeping type.The present work gives an overview of chances and risks of organic beekeeping in comparison to conventional beekeeping practices in the point of view of beekeepers. To develop a strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats analysis (SWOT analysis), based on EU Organic Regulation 889/2008 and further literature differences in beekeeping types are systematically acquired. A written survey among conventional and organic beekeepers allows an evaluation of the formulated SWOT elements. In addition, attitudes and perceptions regarding network factors of beekeeping are enquired. This provides the basis of the analysis of the network factors of beekeeping, using descriptive statistics. Moreover, possible structures which provide information on the chances and risks of organic beekeeping are identified. As opportunities arise for beekeepers from a biological management compared to conventional beekeeping, certifications for quality assurance, a trend towards organic products, as well as the natural approach to bees can be recognized. On the other hand, the low level of knowledge about biological beekeeping, the dependency of location and higher beekeeping costs compared to conventional beekeeping are apprehended risks. These results are also reflected in the network connections as well as the perceived influences. For analysis, a Python script including descriptive statistics is developed, which can be used as a basic model to compare management options concerning their influencing factors. ; vorgelegt von Victoria Allmer, BSc ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2018 ; (VLID)2581476

In the article it was described and analyzed the main forms and content of public and enlightenment activity of medical scientists and natural researchers at Kharkiv University in the period of 1863-1883 years. It was noted that the main factors that determined the peculiarities of the public and enlightenment activity of medical scientists and natural researchers at Kharkiv University were social and political changes in Russian Empire during the Great Reforms; the development of natural, medical sciences and activization of pedagogical thought; government policy on University education. The author notes that the provisions of the University Charter defined the nature of the public and enlightenment activity of medical scientists and natural researchers as representatives of faculty's councils. The main forms of such activity were: the duties of dean and secretary of the faculty council, participation in the University court. The University Charter of 1863 year has caused the further specialization in Medical and Pharmaceutical education. This factor as well as awareness of scientists their own role in solving socially significant problems contributed to involvement scientists to public and enlightenment activity. The above factors influenced the following forms of public and enlightenment activity of medical scientists and natural researchers at Kharkiv University: work in commissions and meetings with representatives from Zemstvo in developing guidelines and measures to combat infectious diseases; the announcement of public speeches during solemn acts and memorable events; the discovery of a private initiative aimed at the development of the University material base and assistance to needy students; popularizing of scientific achievements through participation in medical and nature orientation congresses and scientific societies. Medical scientists have shown a public position under the influence of the growing patriotism among the general population and in response to the increase in the number of wounded, disabled, homeless and neglected people as a result of hostilities. They gave lectures of special courses on surgery and military surgery for doctors in order to renewal of their knowledge; carried out business trips to the army; provided assistance to the Red Cross Society. It has been established that the experience of the public and enlightenment activity of medical scientists and natural researchers at Kharkiv University in the period of 1863-1883 years could be a model for imitation in the education sector of Ukraine nowadays. ; В статье осуществлен анализ основных форм и содержания общественно-просветительской деятельности ученых-медиков и естествоиспытателей на базе Харьковского университета в период 1863-1883 гг. Автором определены основные факторы, обусловившие общественно-просветительскую деятельность представителей профессорско-преподавательской коллегии Харьковского университета в период 1863-1883 гг. В статье сделан акцент на роли отдельных персоналий в реализации общественно-просветительской деятельности. Констатировано, что опыт общественно-просветительской деятельности ученых-медиков и естествоиспытателей Харьковского университета исследуемого периода может быть образцом для подражания в современном образовательном пространстве Украины. ; У статті здійснено аналіз основних форм та змісту громадсько-просвітницької діяльності науковців-медиків та природодослідників на базі Харківського університету у період 1863-1883 рр. Автором визначено основні чинники, що обумовлювали громадсько-просвітницьку діяльність представників професорсько-викладацької колегії Харківського університету у період 1863-1883 рр. Акцентовано увагу на ролі окремих персоналій у реалізації громадсько-просвітницької діяльності. Констатовано, що досвід громадсько-просвітницької діяльності науковців-медиків та природодослідників Харківського університету досліджуваного періоду може бути зразком для наслідування в сучасному освітньому просторі України.

The article analyzes the signals received by social researchers in Mexico regarding the type of production expected from them in merit pay programs. The institutional public discourse embodied in official documents is contrasted with the description of the evaluation carried out by the evaluators themselves. The research is based in document analysis and semi-structured interviews to evaluators. The main conclusion of the study is that there is an asymmetry between the public discourse of the institutions and the behaviors that are rewarded in the evaluation practices themselves. While the political discourse promotes a model of researcher committed to knowledge transfer and mobilization activities , academic evaluation practices encourage a classic academic profile. These contradictions could be explained by the ability of scientists to influence the content of policies in pursuit of their own interests. On the other hand, from the point of view of policymakers, the weight that international publications have for university rankings could exempt scientists from giving another justification for the importance of their work. ; El presente artículo se ocupa de analizar las señales que reciben los investigadores sociales en México respecto al tipo de producción que se espera de ellos a través de la evaluación académica en programas de pago al mérito. Se contrasta el discurso público institucional plasmado en documentos oficiales con los criterios de evaluación utilizados y con la descripción del proceso que realizan los propios evaluadores. El trabajo se basa en análisis documental y entrevistas semi-estructuradas a evaluadores. La conclusión principal del estudio es que existe una asimetría entre el discurso público de las políticas científicas y las conductas que se premian en las prácticas efectivas de evaluación. Mientras a nivel político se impulsa un modelo de científico comprometido con el medio y las actividades de vinculación y movilización, en la evaluación académica se incentiva un perfil clásico. Esta desarticulación podría explicarse por la habilidad de los científicos para influir en el contenido de las políticas y adecuarlas a sus intereses. Por otra parte, desde la lógica de los hacedores de política, el peso que las publicaciones internacionales tienen para los ránkings podría relevar a los científicos de dar otra justificación de la importancia de su labor. ; Este artigo trata da análise dos sinais recebidos pelos pesquisadores sociais no México quanto ao tipo de produção que se espera deles através da avaliação acadêmica em programas de pagamento por mérito. O discurso público institucional incorporado nos documentos oficiais contrasta com os critérios de avaliação utilizados e a descrição do processo realizada pelos próprios avaliadores. O trabalho baseia-se em análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com avaliadores. A principal conclusão do estudo é que existe uma assimetria entre o discurso público das políticas científicas e os comportamentos que são recompensados em práticas efetivas de avaliação. Enquanto no nível político é promovido um modelo de cientista comprometido com o meio e as atividades de articulação e mobilização, na avaliação acadêmica é estimulado um perfil clássico. Essa desarticulação pode ser explicada pela capacidade dos cientistas de influenciar o conteúdo das políticas e adaptá-las aos seus interesses. Por outro lado, da lógica dos formuladores de políticas, o peso que as publicações internacionais têm para os rankings poderia eximir os cientistas de dar outra justificativa para a importância de seu trabalho.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein) ; Background Mothers' smoking during pregnancy increases asthma risk in their offspring. There is some evidence that grandmothers' smoking may have a similar effect, and biological plausibility that fathers' smoking during adolescence may influence offspring's health through transmittable epigenetic changes in sperm precursor cells. We evaluated the three-generation associations of tobacco smoking with asthma. Methods Between 2010 and 2013, at the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III clinical interview, 2233 mothers and 1964 fathers from 26 centres reported whether their offspring (aged ≤51 years) had ever had asthma and whether it had coexisted with nasal allergies or not. Mothers and fathers also provided information on their parents' (grandparents) and their own asthma, education and smoking history. Multilevel mediation models within a multicentre three-generation framework were fitted separately within the maternal (4666 offspring) and paternal (4192 offspring) lines. Results Fathers' smoking before they were 15 [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.01] and mothers' smoking during pregnancy (RRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.59) were associated with asthma without nasal allergies in their offspring. Grandmothers' smoking during pregnancy was associated with asthma in their daughters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.06] and with asthma with nasal allergies in their grandchildren within the maternal line (RRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02–1.55). Conclusions Fathers' smoking during early adolescence and grandmothers' and mothers' smoking during pregnancy may independently increase asthma risk in offspring. Thus, risk factors for asthma should be sought in both parents and before conception. ; The present analyses are part of the Ageing Lungs in European Cohorts (ALEC) Study [www.alecstudy.org], which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 633212. The coordination of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was supported by the European Commission (phases 1 and 2) and the Medical Research Council (phase 3). Local funding agencies for the ECRHS are reported in the Supplementary Appendix, available as Supplementary data at IJE online. Conflict of interest: J.W.H. reports grants from the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (633212), the Medical Research Council UK (MC_PC_15078) and the National Institutes of Health USA (R01 AI091905, R01 AI121226) during the conduct of the study. R.J. reports grants from the Estonian Research Council (personal grant No. 562) during the conduct of the study, grants/grants pending from the Estonian Research Council (personal research grant No. 562), personal fees for consulting and lecturing from GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer and Novartis and travel/accommodation/meeting expenses paid by GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer, outside the submitted work. C.R. reports personal fees for consulting and lecturing from ALK, Astra Zeneca, GSK, Boheringer and Novartis, outside the submitted work. A.G.C. reports grants from Chiesi Farmaceutici and GlaxoSmithKline Italy, during the conduct of the study. P.D. reports personal fees for consulting and lecturing from ALK and Stallergenes Greer and personal fees for consulting from Circassia, Chiesi Farmaceutici, ThermofisherScientific and Menarini, outside the submitted work. D.J. reports grants from the Medical Research Council and the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme, during the conduct of the study. All other authors declare no competing interests. ; Peer Reviewed

Context As urban areas increase in extent globally, domestic yards play an increasingly important role as potential contributors to ecosystem services and well-being. These benefits largely depend on the plant species richness and composition of yards. Objectives We aim to determine the factors that drive plant species richness and phylogenetic composition of cultivated and spontaneous flora in urban yards at the continental scale, and how these potential drivers interact. Methods We analyzed plant species richness and phylogenetic composition of cultivated and spontaneous flora of 117 private yards from six major metropolitan areas in the US. Yard plant species richness and phylogenetic composition were expressed as a function of biophysical and socioeconomic variables and yard characteristics using linear mixed-effects models and spatially explicit structural equation modeling. Results Extreme temperatures largely determined yard species richness and phylogenetic composition at the continental scale. Precipitation positively predicted spontaneous richness but negatively predicted cultivated richness. Only the phylogenetic composition of the spontaneous flora was associated with precipitation. The effect of lower temperatures and precipitation on all yard diversity parameters was partly mediated by yard area. Among various socioeconomic variables, only education level showed a significant effect on cultivated phylogenetic composition. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that irrigation compensates for precipitation in driving cultivated yard plant diversity at the continental scale. Socioeconomic variables among middle and upper class families have no apparent influence on yard diversity. These findings inform the adaptation of US urban vegetation in cities in the face of global change. ; National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate; Long Term Ecological Research Program; "Yard Futures'' project from the NSF Macrosystems Program [EF-1638519]; "Ecological Homogenization of Urban America'' project - NSF Macrosystems Program [EF-1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831, 121238320]; NSF Long Term Ecological Research ProgramNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0423476, BCS-1026865, DEB-0423704, DEB-9714833, OCE-1058747, 1238212, DEB-0620652, DBI-0620409] ; Research funding was provided by the National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate and Long Term Ecological Research Program. The senior author was supported by the "Yard Futures'' project from the NSF Macrosystems Program (EF-1638519). Data collection was supported by the "Ecological Homogenization of Urban America'' project, funded by a series of collaborative grants from the NSF Macrosystems Program (EF-1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831 and 121238320); and additionally by grants from the NSF Long Term Ecological Research Program supporting work in Baltimore (DEB-0423476), Phoenix (BCS-1026865, DEB-0423704 and DEB-9714833), Plum Island (Boston) (OCE-1058747 and 1238212), Cedar Creek (Minneapolis-St. Paul) (DEB-0620652) and Florida Coastal Everglades (Miami) (DBI-0620409). We are grateful to the botanical field teams involved in yard sampling and data organization: BAL-Charlie Davis, Dan Dillon, Erin Mellenthin, Charlie Nicholson, Hannah Saunders, Avery Uslaner; BOS-Emma Dixon, Roberta Lombardiy, Pamela Polloni, Jehane Semaha, Elisabeth Ward, Megan Wheeler; LA-Aprille Curtis, La'Shaye Ervin; MIA-Bianca Bonilla, Stephen Hodges, Lawrence Lopez, Gabriel Sone; MSP-Chris Buyarksi, Emily Loberg, Alison Slaats, Kelsey Thurow; PHX-Erin Barton, Miguel Morgan. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Equidade e Innovación en Educación .5016V01 ; [Resumen] Existe la idea generalizada de que los sistemas educativos poseen como características básicas la objetividad y la neutralidad; esta idea sobrevive actualmente a pesar de las evidencias que muestran como el sistema socioeconómico actual y sus relaciones de poder tienden sus brazos, cada vez con mayor intensidad y frecuencia, hacia los sistemas educativos para lograr influir en ellos a todos los niveles. El elemento que sigue sustentando los sistemas educativos en todo el mundo es la concepción, muy interiorizada por la mayoría de las personas, de que para salvar a las sociedades de sus desajustes y lograr bienestar, crecimiento, justicia e igualdad la única vía es la educación. Sin embargo, la escuela es motor de reproducción de los modelos económicos, políticos y culturales dominantes, siendo la institución en donde siguen aplicándose estrategias altamente vinculadas a las relaciones de género bajo códigos sexistas tradicionales, divisiones sexuales del trabajo e invisibilidad junto con cierto grado de hostilidad y obstáculos para las docentes que desean articular su aula bajo una perspectiva de género. A pesar de la presencia femenina en todos los niveles educativos no ha sido posible aun erradicar las condiciones de desigualdad entre sexos y, en este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es, desde un diseño metodológico cualitativo y con el uso de las historias de vida de profesoras de secundaria de Galicia, conocer la imagen que de las feministas y del feminismo poseen estas así como describir cuales fueron los obstáculos a los que las profesoras con conciencia feminista tuvieron que enfrentarse a la hora de manejar sus aulas. ; [Abstract] There is a generalized idea that educational systems have objectivity and neutrality as basic characteristics; this idea survives today despite the evidence that shows how the current socio-economic system and its power relations extend their arms, with increasing intensity and frequency, towards educational systems in order to influence them at all levels. The element that continues to support education systems throughout the world is the conception, very internalized by most people, that in order to save societies from their imbalances and achieve well-being, growth, justice and equality, the only way is education. However, the school is the engine of reproduction of dominant economic, political and cultural models, being the institution where strategies highly linked to gender relations under traditional sexist codes, sexual divisions of work and invisibility, along with a certain degree of hostility and obstacles for teachers who want to articulate their classroom from a gender perspective. Despite the presence of women at all educational levels, it has not yet been possible to eradicate the conditions of inequality between the sexes and, in this sense, the objective of this research is, from a qualitative methodological design and with the use of life stories of high school teachers in Galicia, to know the image that feminists and feminism have, as well as to describe what were the obstacles teachers with a feminist conscience had to face when managing their classrooms. Another objective of this research is to achieve an approach to the degree of knowledge of feminism and the concepts of equality, curricular justice, gender, patriarchy and coeducation possessed by secondary school teachers in Galicia.

La valutazione delle politiche pubbliche è un ambito di ricerca nel quale si è sviluppata una metodologia ben definita nel tempo. La tecnica della differenza nelle differenze, il propensity score matching e altre strategie valutative più e più complesse dal punto di vista econometrico compongono complessivamente un supporto metodologico atto a ottenere il miglior controfattuale possibile in qualsiasi tipo (o quasi) di situazione. Allo stesso modo, nello studio della povertà e delle politiche di contrasto di questo fenomeno si è consolidato nel tempo un comune approccio che coincide con quello definito dall'Eurostat a livello europeo oppure dall'Istat in Italia. La presente tesi di dottorato muove dall'applicazione di alcuni dei metodi tradizionali appena descritti e tenta di introdurre dei nuovi approcci da attuare sia nella valutazione delle politiche pubbliche sia nell'analisi della povertà. La tesi si sviluppa in quattro capitoli. Nel primo capitolo, seguendo un approccio più "tradizionale", viene valutata la capacità dei trasferimenti monetari dei diversi sistemi europei di welfare di raggiungere i soggetti in condizioni di povertà transitoria o persistente. Tramite l'applicazione di un modello probit bivariato su dati EU-SILC, emerge che al 2014 permangono in Europa delle forti differenze nei tassi di inclusione dei poveri nei trasferimenti sociali tra i sistemi di welfare, ma si rileva una comune tendenza ad escludere certe categorie di poveri (stranieri, lavoratori autonomi, occupati) rispetto ad altre (disabili, minori). Nel secondo capitolo viene usato un modello di analisi cognitiva, denominato Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), per spiegare quanto consciamente i lavoratori italiani del settore privato abbiano scelto, a seguito della riforma del sistema pensionistico complementare del 2007, di trasferire i contributi futuri del proprio TFR in un fondo pensione. Basato sui dati dell'Indagine della Banca d'Italia sui bilanci delle famiglie, lo studio rileva che solo una piccola parte dei lavoratori ha deciso in maniera pienamente consapevole. Inoltre, si osserva che non solo la cultura finanziaria ha giocato un ruolo rilevante nel processo decisionale, ma anche e soprattutto le abilità cognitive individuali e taluni elementi contestuali, quali i sindacati e i datori di lavoro. L'analisi ad oggetto del terzo capitolo vuole mettere in discussione il presupposto, comune nelle politiche pubbliche di contrasto alla povertà, secondo il quale aiutare le persone in difficoltà finanziaria a transitare fuori dallo stato di povertà sia sufficiente a risolvere il problema sociale. Infatti, abbandonare la condizione di scarsità di reddito spesso non si traduce automaticamente in un cambiamento della propria percezione di povertà. L'obiettivo dello studio è quindi testare se e con quale intensità l'esperienza di una condizione di scarsità reddituale nel passato incide sulla valutazione personale della fragilità finanziaria nel tempo. In base alle elaborazioni svolte sui dati panel EU-SILC, sembra che le persone con esperienze di povertà tendano a percepirsi finanziariamente più fragili rispetto a chi non ha vissuto momenti di scarsità in passato, anche a parità di reddito familiare. Infine nel quarto capitolo, attraverso dei recenti modelli econometrici (c.d. Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regressions), viene valutato l'impatto dello schema di panel ruotato adottato da Eurostat nell'indagine EU-SILC nella stima dei principali indicatori di povertà e disuguaglianza. L'analisi sui dati trasversali EU-SILC 2014 mostra che lo schema di costruzione del campione ha un effetto significativo su tutti gli indicatori, anche tenendo conto delle caratteristiche socio-demografiche delle famiglie e delle principali caratteristiche del campionamento.