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The Edmonton J o u r n a l , Saturday, July 6,1991 A5 $ 13M allocated to raise lake near Getty home Opposition says project abuse of power by premier BRIAN LAGHI Journal Staff Writer Buffalo Lake The provincial cabinet has approved spending $ 13 million to raise the lake beside Premier Don Getty's country home. Construction and engineering work on the controversial Buffalo Lake project will begin sometime this year, Environment Minister Ralph Klein announced Friday. The cabinet agreed with the re­cent report of a public review pan­el which suggested that the scheme was environmentally safe and should go ahead, Klein said in a prepared statement. Klein was attending the Calgary Stampede on Friday and was un­available for further comment. But opposition politicians said the decision smacks of pork- barrel politicking. Getty's Stettler- area home is located on the southern shore within view of the lake. " I think it's a phenomenal abuse of the premier's power," said New Democrat environment critic John Mclnnis. The on- again, off- again project was killed several times since it was first proposed 22 years ago. Mclnnis noted that the project was revived just weeks after Getty re­turned to the legislature in a 1989 byelection in the riding. Appointing a panel to look into the project was simply a way of jus- John Mclnnis tifying a foregone conclusion, he said. " The provincial government was poised and ready. It was just a mat­ter of putting it through a veneer of a process," Mclnnis said. He also criticized the government for releasing the report on a Friday in an effort to minimize negative media coverage. The panel was told to review the idea early this spring after an eco­nomic assessment found that rais­ing the lake would benefit area cot­tage owners and few others. But the panel decided that the project would also aid local agri­culture as well as the many bathers, boaters and others who visit the area. Chairman Don Thorne acknowl­edged that Getty will benefit from raising the lake. " Certainly he will benefit, but I don't see how he will benefit any more than other people in the area," said Thorne. Thorne said Buffalo Lake is one of the few bodies of water in the area which can be used for recre­ational purposes. But Liberal environment critic Grant Mitchell said he is not" con­vinced that the project won't kill fish in the lake. The plan was originally killed because of fears that pumping Red Deer River water to raise the lake would create unacceptable amounts of algae, which would rob fish of oxygen. He called the decision base poli­tics. " Premier Don Getty is using taxpayers' money as if it were his own," he said. " He's out of control. This guy has got to be stopped." , Mclnnis said he is still hopeful the federal government will do an environmental impact assessment on the proposal. The department of fisheries and oceans is reviewing the panel's re­port.

The Edmonton J o u r n a l , Saturday, July 6,1991 A5 $ 13M allocated to raise lake near Getty home Opposition says project abuse of power by premier BRIAN LAGHI Journal Staff Writer Buffalo Lake The provincial cabinet has approved spending $ 13 million to raise the lake beside Premier Don Getty's country home. Construction and engineering work on the controversial Buffalo Lake project will begin sometime this year, Environment Minister Ralph Klein announced Friday. The cabinet agreed with the re­cent report of a public review pan­el which suggested that the scheme was environmentally safe and should go ahead, Klein said in a prepared statement. Klein was attending the Calgary Stampede on Friday and was un­available for further comment. But opposition politicians said the decision smacks of pork- barrel politicking. Getty's Stettler- area home is located on the southern shore within view of the lake. " I think it's a phenomenal abuse of the premier's power," said New Democrat environment critic John Mclnnis. The on- again, off- again project was killed several times since it was first proposed 22 years ago. Mclnnis noted that the project was revived just weeks after Getty re­turned to the legislature in a 1989 byelection in the riding. Appointing a panel to look into the project was simply a way of jus- John Mclnnis tifying a foregone conclusion, he said. " The provincial government was poised and ready. It was just a mat­ter of putting it through a veneer of a process," Mclnnis said. He also criticized the government for releasing the report on a Friday in an effort to minimize negative media coverage. The panel was told to review the idea early this spring after an eco­nomic assessment found that rais­ing the lake would benefit area cot­tage owners and few others. But the panel decided that the project would also aid local agri­culture as well as the many bathers, boaters and others who visit the area. Chairman Don Thorne acknowl­edged that Getty will benefit from raising the lake. " Certainly he will benefit, but I don't see how he will benefit any more than other people in the area," said Thorne. Thorne said Buffalo Lake is one of the few bodies of water in the area which can be used for recre­ational purposes. But Liberal environment critic Grant Mitchell said he is not" con­vinced that the project won't kill fish in the lake. The plan was originally killed because of fears that pumping Red Deer River water to raise the lake would create unacceptable amounts of algae, which would rob fish of oxygen. He called the decision base poli­tics. " Premier Don Getty is using taxpayers' money as if it were his own," he said. " He's out of control. This guy has got to be stopped." , Mclnnis said he is still hopeful the federal government will do an environmental impact assessment on the proposal. The department of fisheries and oceans is reviewing the panel's re­port.

Buildings represent 40 percents of the end-use energy. Thus, they constitute a key point of the energy saving policies. Recently, climate modeling systems that include a mesoscale atmospheric model, sophisticated urban parameterizations have been developed to account for the complexity of the urban climate and its interactions with the building energy loads. This study aims to assess the capability of such climate modeling systems to provide climate and energy guidelines to urban planners.For this, we used the research collaborative WRF/ARW-BEP+BEM climate modeling system and performed sensitivity tests considering the territory of the Eurodistrict in 2010, and then in 2030. The results reveal that the climate modeling system achieves estimating the building energy needs over the study area, but also indicate that the building energy needs are more sensitive to the building intrinsic properties and occupant behavior than to the urban forms and their induced urban heat island. ; Les bâtiments représentent 40 pourcents de la consommation finale d'énergie. Ils sont ainsi le fer de lance des politiques de réduction des dépenses énergétiques. Récemment, des systèmes de modèles climatiques qui incluent un modèle atmosphérique régional et des paramétrisations urbaines sophistiquées ont été développés. Ils considèrent la complexité de l'îlot de chaleur urbain et ses interactions avec les besoins énergétiques des bâtiments. Dans quelle mesure ces systèmes constituent-ils des outils d'aide à la décision pour les autorités locales ? Cette étude menée sur le territoire de l'Eurodistrict (Strasbourg-Kehl) en 2010, puis en 2030, à l'aide du système de modèles de climat WRF/ARW-BEP+BEM a démontré que si le système de modèles estimait de manière fiable les besoins en chauffage des bâtiments, ces derniers étaient davantage sensibles aux caractéristiques intrinsèques des bâtiments qu'aux formes urbaines et à l'îlot de chaleur urbain induit par ces formes.

A -- A & W Brands, Inc. -- A.M. Castle & Co. -- Abitibi-Consolidated, Inc. -- ABM Industries Incorporated -- Amazon.com, Inc. -- American Software Inc. -- Associated Estates Realty Corporation -- Auto Value Associates, Inc. -- B -- B. Dalton Bookseller Inc. -- Baan Company -- Baldwin Technology Company, Inc. -- Bally Total Fitness Holding Corp. -- Baltimore Gas and Electric Company -- Banana Republic Inc. -- Banyan Systems Inc. -- Bausch & Lomb Inc. -- Bell Atlantic Corporation -- BFC Construction Corporation -- Big V Supermarkets, Inc. -- Binney & Smith Inc. -- BJ Services Company -- Blair Corporation -- BOC Group plc -- Bongrain SA -- Boole & Babbage, Inc. -- Bozell Worldwide Inc. -- Budget Group, Inc. -- Business Objects S.A. -- C -- Cable and Wireless plc -- Coflexip S.A. -- Commonwealth Telephone Enterprises, Inc. -- CompHealth Inc. -- Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc. -- Cybermedia, Inc. -- Cygne Designs, Inc. -- D -- Dairy Mart Convenience Stores, Inc. -- Dames & Moore, Inc. -- Dassault Systemes S.A. -- DAW Technologies, Inc. -- DC Comics Inc. -- Dollar Thrifty Automotive Group, Inc. -- E -- Emery Worldwide Airlines, Inc. -- ENCAD, Incorporated -- F -- Farmers Insurance Group of Companies -- Finnair Oy -- FORE Systems, Inc. -- Fruit of the Loom, Inc. -- G -- GATX Corporation -- Gaumont SA -- GC Companies, Inc. -- Godfather's Pizza Incorporated -- Graphic Industries Inc. -- H -- Habersham Bancorp -- Halliburton Company -- Hardinge Inc. -- Harley-Davidson, Inc. -- Harmon Industries, Inc. -- Helly Hansen ASA -- Hollywood Entertainment Corporation -- Home Shopping Network, Inc. -- Horton Homes, Inc. -- Hudson's Bay Company -- Hughes Electronics Corporation -- Hungry Howie's Pizza and Subs, Inc. -- I -- Imperial Oil Limited -- Inserra Supermarkets -- International Data Group, Inc. -- International Multifoods Corporation -- J -- Jalate Inc. -- Jefferies Group, Inc. -- Jostens, Inc. -- K -- Kenneth Cole Productions, Inc. -- Kewaunee Scientific Corporation -- Koo Koo Roo, Inc. -- Koor Industries Ltd. -- The Kushner-Locke Company -- The L.L. Knickerbocker Co., Inc. -- L -- La Choy Food Products Inc. -- Labatt Brewing Company Limited -- Groupe Les Echos -- Lincoln National Corporation -- Liz Claiborne, Inc. -- Longs Drug Stores Corporation -- Lotus Development Corporation -- M -- The MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation -- Manor Care, Inc. -- Mattel, Inc. -- Maxicare Health Plans, Inc. -- The Maxim Group -- Mercury General Corporation -- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. -- Michael Foods, Inc. -- Midway Games, Inc. -- Millipore Corporation -- Mizuno Corporation -- N -- Network Associates, Inc. -- New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. -- 99c Only Stores -- Norrell Corporation -- O -- Occidental Petroleum Corporation -- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. -- OTR Express, Inc. -- Outdoor Systems, Inc. -- P -- Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc. -- Playskool, Inc. -- Primedex Health Systems, Inc. -- R -- Rainforest Cafe, Inc. -- Rally's Hamburgers, Inc. -- Recovery Engineering, Inc. -- Roadway Express, Inc. -- Rock Bottom Restaurants, Inc. -- Rooney Brothers Co. -- S -- SBS Technologies, Inc. -- The Seagram Company Ltd. -- Sempra Energy -- Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. -- SkyWest, Inc. -- SLM Holding Corp. -- Smiths Industries PLC -- SOS Staffing Services -- Spaghetti Warehouse, Inc. -- Specialty Equipment Companies, Inc. -- SpeeDee Oil Change and Tune-Up -- The Sports Club Company -- Station Casinos Inc. -- Sun Healthcare Group Inc. -- T -- TAG Heuer International SA -- Tarkett Sommer AG -- Tati SA -- Teekay Shipping Corporation -- Texas Utilities Company -- Thermo BioAnalysis Corp. -- Timex Corporation -- Tom Doherty Associates Inc. -- Tonka Corporation -- Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation -- U -- U S West, Inc. -- U.S. Office Products Company -- Unison HealthCare Corporation -- United Press International, Inc. -- Universal International, Inc.-- V -- Viatech Continental Can Company, Inc. -- Vlasic Foods International Inc. -- W -- Wacoal Corp. -- WellPoint Health Networks Inc. -- Western Digital Corp. -- Wickes Inc. -- Willis Corroon Group plc -- Wilmington Trust Corporation -- Z -- Zapata Corporation.

The Panama Canal is the most important maritime company in the Panamanian isthmus, this magnificent work of engineering was completed in 1912 and its formal inauguration was made in 1914. With an extension of approximately 80 kilometers, this road connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in one of the narrowest points of the American continent. The purpose of this research is to describe how its operation has evolved over time. A search for documentary information is carried out, in digital media such as Google Scholar, without time restrictions. The findings support that the Canal throughout its history has played different roles, including military strategic point, dynamize of international trade and maritime shortcut to save distance, time / costs in world maritime transport. It is currently an important link in the logistics system of distribution and container transshipment. The connectivity offered by the route through the Canal gives the shipping company the opportunity to achieve a better use of its fleet and provide a greater range of services to its customers through its connectivity between ports. ; El Canal de Panamá es la empresa marítima más importante del istmo panameño, esta magna obra de ingeniería se terminó de edificar en 1912, y su inauguración formal se hizo en 1914. Con una extensión de aproximadamente 80 kilómetros, esta vía comunica los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico en uno de los puntos más angostos del continente americano. Esta investigación tiene como propósito describir cómo ha evolucionado su funcionamiento a través del tiempo. Se realiza una búsqueda de información documental, en medios digitales como Google Académico, sin restricciones de tiempo. Los hallazgos sustentan que el Canal a lo largo de su historia ha desempeñado diferentes roles, entre estos: punto estratégico militar, dinamizador del comercio internacional y atajo marítimo para ahorrar distancia, tiempo/ costos en el transporte marítimo mundial. Actualmente, es un eslabón dentro del sistema logístico de distribución y trasbordo de contenedores. La conectividad que ofrece la ruta a través del Canal le brinda al naviero la oportunidad de alcanzar una mejor utilización de su flota y le proporciona una mayor oferta de servicios a sus clientes a través de su conectividad entre puertos. ; O canal de Panama e a empresa marítima mais importante do istmo panamenho, esta magna obra de engenheira se termino de edificar em 1912, e sua inauguração formal se fez em 1914. Com uma extensão de aproximadamente 80 quilômetros, esta via comunica os oceanos Atlântico e Pacifico em um dos pontos mais estreitos do continente americano. Esta investigação tem como proposito descrever como tem evolucionado seu funcionamento através do tempo. Se realiza uma busque-a da informação documental, nos médios digitais és como Google acadêmico, sem restrições de tempo. as descobertas sustentam que o canal ao largo da história tem desempenhado diferentes roles, entre estes: ponto estratégico militar, dinamizador do comercio internacional e atalho marítimo para minimizar distancia, tempo/custos no transporte marítimo mundial. Atualmente, es um elo dentro do sistema logístico de distribuição y transbordo de contêineres. A conectividade que oferece a rota através do canal, brinda ao navegante a oportunidade de alcançar uma melhor utilização da sua frota e proporciona-o uma maior oferta de serviços através das suas conectividades entre portos.

Adia S.A. -- Advo, Inc. -- Aegis Group plc -- American Building Maintenance Industries, Inc. -- D'Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles, Inc. -- Equifax, Inc. -- Grey Advertising, Inc. -- Hakuhodo, Inc. -- Katz Communications, Inc. -- Kelly Services Inc. -- Ketchum Communications Inc. -- Olsten Corporation -- Servicemaster Limited Partnership -- TBWA Advertising, Inc. -- Wells Rich Greene BDDP -- WPP Group plc -- Aeroflot Soviet Airlines -- Air Canada -- Air-India -- Alaska Air Group, Inc. -- Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiana, SPA -- All Nippon Airways Company Limited -- America West Airlines -- American Airlines -- Cathay Pacific Airways Limited -- Delta Air Lines, Inc. -- EgyptAir -- Finnair Oy -- Garuda Indonesia -- Groupe Air France -- Iberia Lineas Aereas de Espana S.A. -- Korean Air Lines Co. Ltd. -- Malaysian Airlines System BHD -- Northwest Airlines, Inc. -- Philippine Airlines, Inc. -- Qantas Airways Limited -- Saudi Arabian Airlines -- Singapore Airlines Ltd. -- Southwest Airlines Co. -- Thai Airways International Ltd. -- Transportes Aereos Portugueses, S.A. -- United Airlines -- USAir Group, Inc. -- VARIG, SA -- CDI Corporation -- CRSS Inc. -- Foster Wheeler Corporation -- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. -- Ogden Corporation -- CBS Inc. -- Cineplex Odeon Corporation -- National Broadcasting Company, Inc. -- Orion Pictures Corporation -- Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. -- Walt Disney Company -- Extendicare Health Services, Inc. -- FHP International Corporation -- Manor Care, Inc. -- Universal Health Services, Inc. -- U.S. Healthcare, Inc. -- Caesars World, Inc. -- Circus Circus Enterprises, Inc. -- Club Mediterranee SA -- Mirage Resorts, Inc. -- Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. -- Apple Computer, Inc. -- Compaq Computer Corporation -- Computer Associates International, Inc. -- Computer Sciences Corporation -- Conner Peripherals, Inc. -- Digital Equipment Corporation -- Hewlett-Packard Company -- ICL plc -- Intelligent Electronics, Inc. -- Intergraph Corporation -- International Business Machines Corporation -- Lotus Development Corporation -- Microsoft Corporation -- National Semiconductor Corporation -- NCR Corporation -- Novell, Inc. -- Oracle Systems Corporation -- Storage Technology Corporation -- Tandem Computers, Inc. -- Unisys Corporation -- Wang Laboratories, Inc. -- Xerox Corporation -- Service Corporation International -- Alltel Corporation -- Belgacom -- Bell Canada -- British Columbia Telephone Company -- Centel Corporation -- Cincinnati Bell Inc. -- Hong Kong Telecommunications Ltd. -- Mccaw Cellular Communications, Inc. -- Pacific Telecom, Inc. -- Posti-Ja Telelaitos -- Rochester Telephone Corporation -- Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. -- Southern New England Telecommunications Corporation -- Telecom Australia -- Airborne Freight Corp. -- Alamo Rent A Car, Inc. -- Amerco -- American President Companies Ltd. -- Avis, Inc. -- Canadian National Railway System -- Carlson Companies, Inc. -- Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. -- Carolina Freight Corporation -- Chargeurs -- Chicago and North Western Holdings Corporation -- Compagnie Generale Maritime et Financiere -- Crowley Maritime Corporation -- DHL Worldwide Express -- Emery Air Freight Corporation -- Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company -- GATX -- Hapag-Lloyd AG -- Kansas City Southern Industries, Inc. -- Koninklijke Nedlloyd Groep N.V. -- London Regional Transport -- Mayflower Group Inc. -- NFC PLC -- Ocean Group Plc -- OSterreichische Bundesbahnen GmBH -- Preston Corporation -- Schenker-Rhenus AG -- Seino Transportation Company, Ltd. -- Tobu Railway Co Ltd -- Transnet Ltd. -- TTX Company -- Air & Water Technologies Corporation -- American Water Works Company -- Atlanta Gas Light Company -- Atlantic Energy, Inc. -- British Nuclear Fuels plc -- Brooklyn Union Gas -- Central Hudson Gas and Electricity Corporation -- Central Maine Power -- Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company -- CIPSCO Inc. -- City Public Service -- The Consumers' Gas Company Ltd. -- DPL Inc. -- DQE -- Eastern Enterprises -- Elektrowatt AG -- Equitable Resources, Inc. -- Gulf States Utilities Company -- Hongkong Electric Company Ltd. -- Hydro-Quebec -- Illinois Power Company -- IPALCO Enterprises, Inc. -- Kansas City Power & Light Company -- Kentucky Utilities Company -- LG&E Energy Corp. -- MCN Corporation -- Midwest Resources Inc. -- National Fuel Gas Company -- NICOR Inc. -- NIPSCO Industries, Inc. -- New York State Electric and Gas Corporation -- Oglethorpe Power Corporation -- Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company -- Ontario Hydro -- Peoples Energy Corporation -- Pinnacle West Capital Corporation -- Portland General Corporation -- Potomac Electric Power Company -- PSI Resources -- Public Service Company of Colorado -- Public Service Company of New Mexico -- Puget Sound Power & Light Company -- Questar Corporation -- Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation -- SCANA Corporation -- Sonat, Inc. -- Southwestern Public Service Company -- TECO Energy, Inc. -- Transalta Utilities Corporation -- Tucson Electric Power Company -- Utilicorp United Inc. -- Washington Water Power Company -- Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc. -- Wisconsin Energy Corporation -- WPL Holdings, Inc.

Against the backdrop of agreement that global coordinated action is needed to prevent dangerous climate change, individual countries are thinking through the implications of climate action for their economies and people. The rest of the report is organized along the following lines. The next section provides background on Poland's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Then section B sets out Poland's existing carbon abatement targets and key policy challenges related to GHG mitigation. The next section summarizes the innovative methodological approach used by the report. Section D discusses the methods and implications of constructing business-as-usual or reference scenarios. Section E provides the major findings from the first model, the engineering approach, on the costs of measures aimed at GHG mitigation for Poland. Section F explains how these findings are expanded and revised by incorporation into the first macroeconomic model. Section G provides an analysis of the economic impact through 2020 of mitigation measures within the constraints of European Union (EU) policy arrangements. Section H examines the energy sector and how Section E's findings are enhanced by optimization of the structure of the energy sector. Section I takes a first look at the challenges of energy efficiency. Section J provides additional analysis of the transport sector. The last section provides some notes on additional issues and further work.

It is thought that during immobilization enzymes, as dynamic biomolecules, may become distorted and this may alter their catalytic properties. However, the effects of different immobilization strategies on enzyme rigidity or flexibility and their consequences in specificity and stereochemistry at large scale has not been yet clearly evaluated and understood. This was here investigated by using as model an ester hydrolase, isolated from a bacterium inhabiting a karstic lake, with broad substrate spectrum (72 esters being converted; 61.5 U mg−1 for glyceryl tripropionate) but initially non-enantiospecific. We found that the enzyme (7 nm × 4.4 nm × 4.2 nm) could be efficiently ionic exchanged inside the pores (9.3 nm under dry conditions) of amino-functionalized ordered mesoporous material (NH2-SBA-15), achieving a protein load of 48 mg g−1, and a specific activity of 4.5 ± 0.1 U mg−1. When the enzyme was site-directed immobilized through His interaction with an immobilized cationon the surface of two types of magnetic micro-particles through hexahistidine-tags, protein loads up to 10.2 μg g−1 and specific activities of up to 29.9 ± 0.3 U mg−1, were obtained. We found that ionically exchanged enzyme inside pores of NH2-SBA-15 drastically narrowed the substrate range (17 esters), to an extent much higher than ionically exchanged enzyme on the surface of magnetic micro-particles (up to 61 esters). This is attributed to differences in surface chemistry, particle size, and substrate accessibility to the active site tunnel. Our results also suggested, for the first time, that immobilization of enzymes in pores of similar size may alter the enzyme structures and produce enzyme active centers with different configuration which promote stereochemical conversions in a manner different to those arising from surface immobilization, where the strength of the ionic exchange also has an influence. This was shown by demonstrating that when the enzyme was introduced inside pores with a diameter (under dry conditions) slightly higher than that of the enzyme crystal structure a biocatalyst enantiospecific for ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate was produced, a feature not found when using wider pores. By contrast, immobilization on the surface of ferromagnetic microparticles produced selective biocatalysts for methyl (S)-(+)-mandelate or methyl (S)-lactate depending on the functionalization. This study illustrates the benefits of extensive analysis of the substrate spectra to better understand the effects of different immobilization strategies on enzyme flexibility/rigidity, as well as substrate specificity and stereochemistry. Our results will help to design tunable materials and interfaces for a controlled manipulation of specificity and to transform non-enantiospecific enzymes into stereo-chemically substrate promiscuous biocatalysts capable of converting multiple chiral molecules. ; This project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program Blue Growth: Unlockingthe potential of Seas and Oceans under grant agreement no. 634486 (project acronym INMARE). This research was also supported by the grants PCIN-2014-107 (within ERA NET IB2 grant nr. ERA-IB-14-030 - MetaCat), PCIN-2017-078 (within the ERA-MarineBiotech grant ProBone), BIO2014-54494-R, MAT2016-77496-R, BIO2017-85522-R, and CTQ2016-79138-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. A.B. acknowledges the support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MAT2017-88808-R grant), María de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2016-0618), and the Diputación de Guipúzcoa for current funding in the frame of Gipuzkoa Fellows program. G.D. thanks the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Grant No. 031A095C) for funding in the frame of the Molecular Interaction Engineering program (Biotechnologie 2020+). The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). C.C. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness for a PhD fellowship (Grant BES-2015-073829). ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

It is thought that during immobilization enzymes, as dynamic biomolecules, may become distorted and this may alter their catalytic properties. However, the effects of different immobilization strategies on enzyme rigidity or flexibility and their consequences in specificity and stereochemistry at large scale has not been yet clearly evaluated and understood. This was here investigated by using as model an ester hydrolase, isolated from a bacterium inhabiting a karstic lake, with broad substrate spectrum (72 esters being converted; 61.5 U mg−1 for glyceryl tripropionate) but initially non-enantiospecific. We found that the enzyme (7 nm × 4.4 nm × 4.2 nm) could be efficiently ionic exchanged inside the pores (9.3 nm under dry conditions) of amino-functionalized ordered mesoporous material (NH2-SBA-15), achieving a protein load of 48 mg g−1, and a specific activity of 4.5 ± 0.1 U mg−1. When the enzyme was site-directed immobilized through His interaction with an immobilized cationon the surface of two types of magnetic micro-particles through hexahistidine-tags, protein loads up to 10.2 μg g−1 and specific activities of up to 29.9 ± 0.3 U mg−1, were obtained. We found that ionically exchanged enzyme inside pores of NH2-SBA-15 drastically narrowed the substrate range (17 esters), to an extent much higher than ionically exchanged enzyme on the surface of magnetic micro-particles (up to 61 esters). This is attributed to differences in surface chemistry, particle size, and substrate accessibility to the active site tunnel. Our results also suggested, for the first time, that immobilization of enzymes in pores of similar size may alter the enzyme structures and produce enzyme active centers with different configuration which promote stereochemical conversions in a manner different to those arising from surface immobilization, where the strength of the ionic exchange also has an influence. This was shown by demonstrating that when the enzyme was introduced inside pores with a diameter (under dry conditions) slightly higher than that of the enzyme crystal structure a biocatalyst enantiospecific for ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate was produced, a feature not found when using wider pores. By contrast, immobilization on the surface of ferromagnetic microparticles produced selective biocatalysts for methyl (S)-(+)-mandelate or methyl (S)-lactate depending on the functionalization. This study illustrates the benefits of extensive analysis of the substrate spectra to better understand the effects of different immobilization strategies on enzyme flexibility/rigidity, as well as substrate specificity and stereochemistry. Our results will help to design tunable materials and interfaces for a controlled manipulation of specificity and to transform non-enantiospecific enzymes into stereo-chemically substrate promiscuous biocatalysts capable of converting multiple chiral molecules. ; This project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program Blue Growth: Unlockingthe potential of Seas and Oceans under grant agreement no. 634486 (project acronym INMARE). This research was also supported by the grants PCIN-2014-107 (within ERA NET IB2 grant nr. ERA-IB-14-030 - MetaCat), PCIN-2017-078 (within the ERA-MarineBiotech grant ProBone), BIO2014-54494-R, MAT2016-77496-R, BIO2017-85522-R, and CTQ2016-79138-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. A.B. acknowledges the support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MAT2017-88808-R grant), María de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2016-0618), and the Diputación de Guipúzcoa for current funding in the frame of Gipuzkoa Fellows program. G.D. thanks the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Grant No. 031A095C) for funding in the frame of the Molecular Interaction Engineering program (Biotechnologie 2020+). The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). C.C. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness for a PhD fellowship (Grant BES-2015-073829). ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

Chapter 1. Novelact (Resources) Limited v Xiamen Special Economic Zone International Trade Trust Company -- Chapter 2. Sanmei (Japan) Trading Co., Ltd v Fujian Zhangzhou Metals & Minerals Import and Export Co., Ltd -- Chapter 3. Skandinaviska Metemo AB v Hunan Co. for International Economy and Trade -- Chapter 4. Xiamen Special Economic Zone Youli Trading Co., Ltd v Hungary Gold Star International Trading Co., Ltd -- Chapter 5. Hang TAT Food USA Inc. v Rizhao Aquatic Products Group and Rizhao Rirong Aquatic Products Co. Ltd -- Chapter 6. China Yituo Group Company v Germany Gerhard Freyso Ltd GmbH & Co. KG -- Chapter 7. Netherlands Akfam Co., Ltd v Sinochem Hainan Co., Ltd -- Chapter 8. Tunghang (Asia) Co., Ltd v Shenzhen Haizhongbao Aquatic Products Trading Co., Ltd -- Chapter 9. Hong Kong Zhenghongli Co., Ltd. v Switzerland Gilbert Finance Co., Ltd -- Chapter 10. Lianhe Enterprise (US) Ltd v Yantai Branch of Shandong Foreign Trade Co -- Chapter 11. Singapore Daguangxing (Private) Co., Ltd v Jiangsu Machinery Import and Export Group Co., Ltd -- Chapter 12. Shenzhen Fengshen Industrial Development Co., Ltd v France Eurasian International Technology Development Co., Ltd -- Chapter 13. Nanjing Supplies Industrial Group Company v. Tian'an Insurance Co. Nanjing Branch -- Chapter 14. Shanghai Weijie Electronic Devices Ltd v Superpower Supply Inc -- Chapter 15. Swiss Mirimet Company v Henan Native Products Import and Export Corporation -- Chapter 16. Japanese Taiping Trading Co., Ltd v Jiangsu Sainty International Group Garment Import and Export Nantong Co., Ltd -- Chapter 17. Carl Hill v Cixi Old Furniture Trading Co., Ltd -- Chapter 18. Shanghai Dongda Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd. v German Laubholz-Meyer GmbH -- Chapter 19. Sino-Add (Singapore)Pty Ltd v Karawasha Resources Ltd -- Chapter 20. Shanghai Shenhe Import and Export Co., Ltd v Itochu Commercial Co., Ltd of Japan -- Chapter 21. Japanese Xinsheng Trade Company v Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Nihong Metallurgic Product Company -- Chapter 22. Wuhan Zhongou Clothes Factory v Hungary Wanlong International Trade Company -- Chapter 23. China Packaging Import and Export Hubei Company v. Phoenix Company Limited -- Chapter 24. Hyundai Corporation of Korea v Hubei Metals and Minerals Import and Export Company -- Chapter 25. Resource Engineering Co., Ltd. v Qing Li, Ming Sun and Shanghai Donglin International Trade Co., Ltd -- Chapter 26. Dong Feng Trade Co. Ltd v Hangzhou Dongli Rubber and Plastic Products Co., Ltd -- Chapter 27. Zhuguang Petroleum Co., Ltd. v Wuxi Joyray Import and Export (Group) Co., Ltd. -- Chapter 28. Wuhan Yinfeng Data Network Co., Ltd. et al. v Ming Xu, China Electronics Import and Export (Wuhan) Corporation et al -- Chapter 29. Wang Ruixiang Fashion Co., Ltd. v. Trend Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Silk (Group) Co., Ltd -- Chapter 30. A (Singapore) Limited v Dongling Trading Co., Ltd; Liquidation Team of Shanghai Xuyang Trading Co., Ltd -- Chapter 31. Shunde Westband Furniture Co., Ltd v. PANDA INC LIMITED -- Chapter 32. ACETO Corporation v. Suzhou Lintong Electronic Technology Company -- Chapter 33. Sinochem Shanghai Co. v. Kolorit TM Co. Ltd.Dispute Arising from a Sale of Goods Contract -- Chapter 34. Shanghai Donglin International Trade Co. Ltd v Johnson Trading Australia Pty Ltd -- Chapter 35. Xi'an Yunchang Trading Co., Ltd v Wentong Yuan & American Antai International Co -- Chapter 36. Baodeli Co., Ltd v Ceiec (Guangdong) -- Chapter 37. The Aterlight Electronic Control & Audio Systems Limited v. The Liquidating Group of Zhuhai Zhongyue New Communication Technology Co., Ltd., etc -- Chapter 38. China Changzhou Kairui Weaving and Printing Company v Taiwan Junlong Machinery Company -- Chapter 39. Qingdao Benefim Trading Co.,Ltd. v Sinochem International FZE -- Chapter 40. Norway Royal Supreme Seafoods v Rizhao Jixiang Ocean Food Co., Ltd & China Rizhao Shanfu Food Co., Ltd -- Chapter 41. WS China Import GmbH v. Longkou Guanyuan Food Company -- Chapter 42. Yiwu Majiali Import & Export Co., Ltd v Y & Q International Trade (Group), Inc -- Chapter 43. Vishaybc Components Beyschlag Gmbh v Shanghai Y.Hsu Trading Co., Ltd -- Chapter 44. Skalli Corporation v. Shanghai Tongya Liquor Co Ltd – Dispute Arising from a Sale of Goods Contract -- Chapter 45. Shanghai Shanshan Ruiyuan Import and Export Trade Co., Ltd v Lanificio Ing Loro Piana & C S P A Italy -- Chapter 46. CITIC International Business & Trading Co., Ltd v Hokusan Co., Ltd -- Chapter 47. Shanghai Lianfu Food Co. Ltd. v. CSM N. V. – Dispute Arising from a Sale of Goods Contract -- Chapter 48. Possehl(Hk) Ltd v China Metals and Minerals Import and Export(Shenzhen) Corporation. .

The operation of hydrokinetic turbine depends on river flow and pressure head (∆H) which are of high potential in many parts of Nigeria. This study attempts the analysis of the potential of the area upstream of Ikere Gorge dam for hydrokinetic potential. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to determine the hydrological parameters of the sub-basins. Pearson Moment Correlation and linear regression methods were used to find the relationships between morphometric properties and the discharge parameters. Hydrological modeling and statistical computations were done to estimate the theoretical potential of the catchment. The result shows that River Oshe has 9.542 MW, which is the highest potential while River Konsun with 1.161 MW has the lowest potential Pearson Moment Correlation shows that there is strong positive relation of 0.7 between slope and pressure head (∆H) at 0.05 significant levels. The result of the multiple regression show that hydro-geomorphic factors explained 59.1% of the variance in the explanation of hydrokinetic power potential upstream of Ikere gorge dam. References Alaska Center for Energy and Power (ACEP) (2011). Hydrokinetic energy (In-River, Tidal and Ocean Current), Retrieved from http://energy-alaska.wikidot.com/ on April 20th, 2014 Aschenbrenner, F. (2008). Innovation on traditional waterwheels for renewable energy // Power electronics and motion Control conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, pp.1625 Bahleda, M., and Hosko, M. A. (2007). Assessment of water power potential and development Needs: Electric power research institute, California Bhattacharya, A.K., and Bolaji, G.A. (2012). Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 2 (2): 22-23. Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI (2012). Fish passage through turbine: Application of convectional hydropower data to hydrokinetic technology Palo Alto, USA Energy Information Administration (2014). Retrieved on Dec. 20th, 2014 from www.eia.gov/electricity Epler, J. (2010). Tidal Resources characteristics from acoustics Doppler current profiler, An Unpublished M.Sc.Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, USA Evan, M. (2012). Hydrokinetic Power: An Analysis of Its Performance and Potential in the Roza and Kittas Canals. An Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, the Evergreen State College, USA Ifabiyi, I.P. and Wahab, S. (2017). Theoretical potential of hydrokinetic energy in the Upper Ogun and Upper Kaduna River basins, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 19 (1): 242-256. Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, USA. ISSN: 1520-5509. Jsd-africa@clarion.edu Kosnik, L. (2008). The Potential of Water Power in the Fight against Global Warming in the USA, Energy policy, doi:10.1016/ J. enpol. (05), 009. Kusakana, K., and Vermaak, H. J. (2013). Hydrokinetic Power Generation for Rural Electricity Supply: Case of South Africa. Renewable Energy, 1 (55): 467-73. Ladokun, L.L., Ajao, K.R., and Sule, B.F. (2013). Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion System: Pros -pects and Challenges in Nigerian Hydrological setting, Nigerian Journal of Technology, 3 (32): 538-549. Miller, V.B, Ramde, E.W., Grandoville, R.T., and Schaefer, L.A. (2010). Hydrokinetic Power for Energy Access in Rural Ghana, Renewable Energy International Journal, 1(36): 671-675. Mohibullah, M., Radzi, A. M., and Hakim, M.I.A. (2004). Basics Design Aspects of Micro Hydropower Plant and Its Potential Development in Malaysia // Power and Energy Conference, Kualar Lumpur, pp. 220-223. Neitsch, S.L, Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R and Williams, J.R. (2009). Soil and Water Assessment Tool Theoretical Documentation Version 2009 Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory-Agriculture Research Service, Blackland Research Center- Texas Agrilife Research., USA. Ofuani, A.I. (2013). Combating climate change through renewable energy legislation in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges. Paper Presented at university of Ilorin/ UCC (Ghana) International Conference held at university of Ilorin. May 1st-4th 2011. Stephen, V.A, Paul, T.A., and Daniel, J.G. (2012). Survival and Behaviour of Fish interacting With Hydrokinetic Turbines, 9th ISE, Vienna, USA Vermaak, H.J., Kusakana, K., and Koko, S.P. (2013). Status of Micro-hydrokinetic River Technology in Rural Applications: A Review of literature: Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 29(14): 625-633. Wahab, S., Ifabiyi, I.P. and Adeogun, A.G. (20017). SWAT analysis of Ikere Gorge Basin for Hydrokinetic power estimation in selected rural settlement of Oke Ogun, Nigeria. Ruhuna Journal of Science. 8(2):24-43 Ruhuna, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. eISSN: 2536-8400. DOI: http//:doi.org/10.4038/rjs.v8il. Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

International audience ; Gestionnaire de la majeure partie des dunes littorales de la côte atlantique française, l'Office national des Forêts a mis au point des techniques de contrôle souple de la mobilité des dunes bordières non boisées. Ces travaux sont modulés selon le contexte dynamique local et visent à répondre à une large gamme d'attentes sociales : protection de l'arrière-pays, conservation d'écosystèmes originaux, modération du recul des côtes.

International audience ; Gestionnaire de la majeure partie des dunes littorales de la côte atlantique française, l'Office national des Forêts a mis au point des techniques de contrôle souple de la mobilité des dunes bordières non boisées. Ces travaux sont modulés selon le contexte dynamique local et visent à répondre à une large gamme d'attentes sociales : protection de l'arrière-pays, conservation d'écosystèmes originaux, modération du recul des côtes.

International audience Lake Kivu, East Africa, is well known for its huge reservoir of dissolved methane (CH 4) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the stratified deep waters (below 250 m). The methane concentrations of up to~20 mmol/l are sufficiently high for commercial gas extraction and power production. In view of the projected extraction capacity of up to several hundred MW in the next decades, reliable and accurate gas measurement techniques are required to closely monitor the evolution of gas concentrations. For this purpose, an intercomparison campaign for dissolved gas measurements was planned and conducted in March 2018. The applied measurement techniques included on-site mass spectrometry of continuously pumped sample water, gas chromatography of in-situ filled gas bags, an in-situ membrane inlet laser spectrometer sensor and a prototype sensor for total dissolved gas pressure (TDGP). We present the results of three datasets for CH 4 , two for CO 2 and one for TDGP. The resulting methane profiles show a good agreement within a range of around 5-10% in the deep water. We also observe that TDGP measurements in the deep waters are systematically around 5 to 10% lower than TDGP computed from gas concentrations. Part of this difference may be attributed to the non-trivial conversion of concentration to partial pressure in gasrich Lake Kivu. When comparing our data to past measurements, we cannot verify the previously suggested increase in methane concentrations since 1974. We therefore conclude that the methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in Lake Kivu are currently close to a steady state.

Transcript of an oral history interview with Rollin Reiter, conducted by Jennifer Payne on 5 October 2013, as part of the Norwich Voices oral history project of the Sullivan Museum and History Center. Rollin S. Reiter graduated from Norwich University in 1950 and earned earned his master's in business administration from the Harvard Business School in 1952. In his interview, he discusses his experiences running his family's business, Reiter Dairy, as well as his military service in the Korean War and with the Army Reserve and Coast Guard Auxiliary. ; 1 Rollin Reiter, NU '50, Oral History Interview October 5, 2013 Sullivan Museum and History Center Interviewed by Jennifer Payne JENNIFER PAYNE: This is Jennifer Payne with the Norwich Voices Oral History Project. Today's date is October 5th, 2013 and I am here with Rollin—Did I say it right? ROLLIN REITER: Um-hm. JP: Good. Reiter, Class of '50. So, Mr. Reiter, thank you for being here so early this morning. RR: Okay. JP: Where are you from? RR: Born in Akron, Ohio and we live in Canton, Ohio, except eight months a years, we're in Florida. We're Florida residents now in Key Largo, Florida. JP: Nice area. RR: That's where we live. JP: And your age is? RR: I'm eighty-five. JP: Eighty five. And you attended Norwich in 19— RR: Yeah. I came here in 1946 out of high school, graduated high school at Copley, Ohio and, on the farm, and came to Norwich. I didn't know anybody here—know anything about it, but was right after the War. The War was really a defining event in my life and most people of this age. And I got a postcard in the mail that talked about Norwich University. I admired uniforms and I missed, just missed the military. I was—had my physical and was ready to go but then the bomb dropped and everything was postponed. So, I did come to—applied to Norwich and was accepted and came here. My mom and dad brought me up, dropped me off and that was it. There was another student here from Akron area named Crile. I think it was Gary Crile. In Cabot Hall, where we lived, in the basement, there were two Ohio people. So, it wasn't unusual for Ohio students to be here, but that's how I got here was very, very simple. JP: When you were—when you were here, what activities did you do? RR: I was company commander, eventually, of Troop B and I was president of SAE when they had fraternities then. And I was Russ Todd's roommate and the two of us had a lot 2 of fun. Life at Norwich for us was really interesting and fun. And then, I had very good friends here, as most people do that come to Norwich. You develop some great friendships. It was Russ Todd and Jim Ricker and the others in Troop B and SAE. Other than that, I didn't—I wasn't an athlete or any. I did ski a little bit across the hill, across the road. JP: That's great. RR: Yeah. JP: What was it like with Russ Todd as a roommate? Did you guys get in—did you do many tours? RR: I never walked a tour, never walked a tour. Never exceeded ten demerits apparently. I'm just sort of a conformist. I like the military and I like military discipline so I got along okay. Russ was—he's more aggressive. He's a different kind of guy but the two of us hit is off really well. JP: Did you have a nickname? RR: Yeah. I had a couple. My middle initial is Steese and a couple people, like Russ, used to call me Steese. And then, because of my adventures on the range at Fort Meade when we went for our summer training, I was pretty good and some of them called me Alvin. JP: Alvin? RR: For Alvin Yorke, you know? "Oh, Alvin!" JP: Oh, Alvin! RR: Yeah. JP: What was Fort Meade like? RR: That was fun. That was our junior year and we all went to Fort Meade and then we were shipped—we took buses down to A. P. Hill for tank firing because there's no range at at Meade. So we went to A. P. Hill and that was fun. We lived in tents down there for the training and the weekend off, the three of us, Ricker, Todd, and myself went down to Williamsburg and travelled that area and had a lot of fun. Russ had a car so that was an advantage. JP: What kind of car was it? RR: It was a '37 Ford. Yeah. JP: Fun.3 RR: Is that right? Yeah. That's right. Yeah. JP: How big were the tents? RR: Oh, they were two or three man, I think, down there. Most rain I've ever seen in my life occurred at A. P. Hill while we were there. JP: Really? RR: Um-hm. JP: Did you guys get washed out? RR: That's—the Boy Scouts use A. P. Hill even. That's a great place for outdoor gatherings and maneuvers and things and large groups of people. JP: So when you left Norwich, what did you do? RR: Let's see. I graduated in June and Russ took his regular commission. I was offered a regular commission. Didn't take it. I took my reserve commission and went back to Akron and worked at the company dairy—at the dairy company, milk and ice cream processing. Applied at Harvard Business School and was accepted and went to Harvard Business School that fall and graduated there in 1952. It's a two year course, MBA. That was very interesting. That was a whole other life at Harvard Business School. That was—having been at Norwich, Harvard Business School was clear the other opposite. It was Ivy League and my roommate was from Yale. He taught me what it was like to be an Ivy Leaguer. We had a lot of fun. He and I had a lot of fun like Russ and I had and we probably had more fun than we really should have but we passed. That was the business school. I was in the Reserve, the Army Reserves, and attended Reserve meetings, out at Boston Army Base during that period. Every week, I would show up and the guys in the unit would say, "You still here? You should be in Korea. How come you're still here?" That's when Korea was on. Everybody was excited about Korea. I attended there and the summer camp there was at Fort Drum, New York. Went to that. Then, I went back to Ohio after business school. Worked at the dairy. Because I had no obligation coming out of Norwich with a commission, like they do, later they had two year, one year, six year. I had no obligation, so I was in the draft. I was ready to be drafted even though I had a commission. So, the only way I could avoid going in as a private was to volunteer. I volunteered for active duty as a reservist and took a three year active duty stint. That was kind of a funny thing that you could be drafted and yet you had a commission and were ready to serve at any time you were really asked to, as an officer, reserve officer. I liked the Army. It was fun. I had—when I was at Norwich, in my senior year, somebody came up from somewhere to talk to us about the Counter Intelligence Corps and going in to Intelligence and that we could go down to Dartmouth and take a lesson or have a lecture or something 4 down there on the Counter Intelligence Corps. I went and I applied. When I went on active duty, I was sent to Fort Holabird in Maryland for the Counter Intelligence school. That had to do with security and all those sorts of things. And then, before you could go overseas, you had to go through your basic armor or arm course which would be armor and I was sent to Fort Knox for the Basic Officer's Armor Course Number One. That was their first one of a certain type of basic course from for armored officers. Because I'd been in about six months, I was the senior guy in the class and all the Class of '51 from Norwich, part of that time—he happened to be aide to General, not Taylor, but anyway, he was an aide to a general there. Shorty somebody. Yeah. Russ and I were, again, together and all these guys from Norwich and I had a car and we had a good time. Then, while we were there, the truce was declared in Korea. That was nice to hear. I was out of there in October and was shipped to Seoul, Korea. Well, to Tokyo, and then assigned to the 308 CIC in Seoul, Korea. I went over there for a year. That was interesting work. Was Counter Intelligence Corps attached to the Eighth Army Forward in Seoul and I worked with the Intelligence people at G3, so Eighth Army there. We had the detachments up on the line at all the online divisions. Then, they had an offer. If you would agree to stay in the Far East for another year, you could transfer back to Japan. So, I did that. After a year in Korea, transferred to Japan. Spent a year there with the 441 st CIC which was out of Tokyo. We were located right downtown in the former Kanpai Thai headquarters along the moat. This place we had was where a couple of Jimmy Doolittle flyers were executed in the garden there. It was a pretty little place. But that's where some of his flyers that had been shot down or captured were imprisoned and killed there in that garden. Then, that tour was up. In '56, I came back to San Francisco on E.D. Patrick Troop Ship. We flew over but we came back on a troop ship. It was full of Japanese and Korean war brides mostly. JP: Really? RR: Just full of them and that was one of the things after the truce that the CIC did a lot of was clear these people. They had to have clearances. When they married a Japanese or Korean, they had—those brides had to be cleared before they could come back to the great PX, like they called it. We had a troop full of war brides and so forth. Up in the prow of the ship, we had a lot of army prisoners, criminal types that were being shipped back to the states. Not war prisoners but criminal prisoners, including one guy had butchered his chef, his mess sergeant or something like that. We, the three of us, officers were coming back in a state room, probably the only three in the whole boat that didn't get sick all the time. It was eleven days in rough weather in December. We were supposedly in charge of these prisoners up in the prow of the ship. It got out of hand. We didn't know anything about guarding prisoners and all like that. Halfway over, we had to call on the Marine detachment that was on board and they took over the prisoners and straightened things out. I'll never forget that. That was fun. We never got above the deck, up on the deck, the whole eleven days. It was so rough. JP: What happened?5 RR: Everything slid off all the tables and it was a mess. The luggage in our state room—we had—three of us were in a little state room. The luggage would keep going back and forth across the floor all the time. Anyway, that was the trip back to Oakland and it was a great experience. I like the Army a lot. I stayed in the Reserve in Akron, was in a Reserve, military intelligence unit in Akron. Taught there in the local command and general staff school. Then, it came time to go to Fort Leavenworth, to command and general staff school and so forth. It was becoming difficult because the business that I was in—I was running the business now myself. It was hard for me to get away as much as was required. Unfortunately, I made the decision to retire from the Reserve. With eighteen years, I retired as a major from the Army Reserve. That's where that stands. I'm retired. That went on and I was very deeply involved in the milk and ice cream processing business in Ohio. We bought—I bought another plant in Springfield, Ohio and we bought branches all around the state. We grew like crazy. We were doing, oh, maybe a hundred million dollars worth of sales when, toward the end there—when I sold the business in 1986 to Dean Foods in Chicago. Then, I went to work for Dean Foods in Chicago. Meanwhile, we had built a really nice business in Ohio. We had some stores. We had a little adventure into the restaurant food business distribution. It was a good—we had a bout five hundred employees at the top. It had grown quite a bit. It was an interesting dairy for Dean Foods to acquire. I went to Franklin Park, the Dean headquarters, and I was responsible for about twenty dairies, mostly in Texas and the South and Miami and Athens, Tennessee and so forth. I had almost three billion dollars worth of sales under me there. I did a lot of travelling. But I was there for a short period because the understanding was, at Dean, when you're 65, you retire. So, on my sixty-fifth—near my sixty-fifth birthday, I was allowed to finish out the fiscal year, walked out, and that was it. That was a great experience because I was there with no obligation beyond doing what I'd been brought in to do. I wasn't concerned about my future or anything like most of the people in the company. I was sort of a free spirit. I enjoyed that a lot. Dean was a great company to work for. They have since sold out. They have been bought by a company in Dallas. It's still called Dean and it's still on the New York Stock Exchange and so forth. That was basically my business experience. I retired and we moved straight to Florida to a place called the Ocean Reef Club in Key Largo, Florida. We knew of that because my sister had married a fellow that had property there and was important in the Ocean Reef Club functioning and so forth. We used to visit them. After a few years, they said, "That's it. If you're going to keep coming down here, you've got to get a place." That was good advice. We should have gotten several places. That was 1993, I think. We moved to Ocean Reef, bought a house, became Florida residents. We spend eight months down there and four months back in Ohio, where we kept our home, which is really a nice place too because it's on a golf course and very green. It's stood empty the whole time we were in Chicago. So, that's where we are today. We're living at Ocean Reef Club in Key Largo, Florida. It's sort of a development but there's, around it, there's nothing but state and federal parks. It's not spreading out a lot. You can't go down the road and buy something cheaper like you can up, further up in the state. I became active there with the Coast Guard Auxiliary. I guess I have a thing about uniforms. We joined. My wife and I joined the Coast Guard Auxiliary. This December, we will have been in that for twenty years. I wound up commander of 6 a— the Keys, the units in the Keys, from Key Largo on down to Key West. I had five units and about four hundred volunteers in that, that division. I was the division commander. But that, of course, was all volunteer work. It was very close with the Coast Guard. It was very interesting. They—I was in on their meetings at Key West with Sector Key West. They trained with us and we trained with them. Our people even sat and ran their radio communication sections at their Coast Guard stations. It was really an interesting relationship that we had with the Coast Guard. That was twenty years of that kind of activity too. JP: All those hurricanes! RR: Yeah. I put in eighteen years with the Army Reserve and twenty with the Coast Guard. I never got any retirement because I didn't quite make it the last two years. That's what I've been doing down there, playing some golf. My wife plays tennis and golf. We belong to the local racket club. That really is our life there. They have a unique unit called OR Cat, Ocean Reef Cat. It has a, we have three hundred feral cats on the property, running around. JP: Three hundred? RR: Three hundred. There used to be more but there's three hundred. They're all neutered and spayed. There's eighty feeding stations that are serviced every day for these cats. You see them. You go down the street at Ocean Reef and you see OR Cats, walking around or hanging around the feeding station or fighting off the raccoons who also eat in the feeding station. We build a really nice room or a building to service these cats. It's a beautiful, air-conditioned building with lots of couches and every cat tree you've ever seen or heard of. There's about a hundred cats in there who can't quite make it on their own outside. We have a veterinarian. We have a groomer and five or six veterinary assistants, running this installation with these cats in there. It's like the Green Briar for cats. It's wonderful! You go in there and these cats come from all directions and climb all over you because a lot of them were probably dropped off. When somebody that mows the lawn, or paints or something has a cat they don't want, they come into Ocean Reef to work. They just drop it off and they know OR Cat will grab it and take care of it. So, there's these wonderful cats and we adopted two of them. They're part of our family. When we go to Florida, there's always the four of us. Dory and I in the front and the two cats sitting in the back, sleeping or walking around or sitting beside us on the armrest. They sort of determine how we do things. We smuggle them into motels where we're not supposed to. Dory won't stay in any place that takes pets. She wouldn't want to stay there. We smuggle our two in in a piece of luggage that looks like a nice suitcase. That's one of our activities down there. We had a boat but we sold that. We're on the water. We have a fifty foot dock. I let my neighbor use it because he's got a seventy-two foot boat and a thirty foot boat. The deal is he can use our dock but he must keep us in fish, all the fish we can eat, when he's always bringing us fresh fish when he goes out. That's the deal there.7 JP: The cats must like that too. RR: Huh? JP: The cats must like that too. RR: Yeah. Yeah. They like that. They're not allowed to go outside. That's the deal when you adopt a cat. You sign that you will not—they can't—they've got to stay in the house. They're all spayed and neutered and well-behaved. JP: That's wonderful. RR: Yeah. They spend their time chasing lizards around the pool. We have a nice pool that's all screened in. There's these lizards that get in the hole somehow. The cats chase them all day and have fun with them. JP: Catch their tails and— RR: Yeah. Yeah. They take their tails off and then they play with them, you know. They never actually kill them. We have to do that. Last—two years ago, they discovered two snakes in our house. They weren't big ones but we knew by their activity that there was something under that chair. We had a little—what they call a corn snake. The kitties discovered that and a week later was another one. You never know down there. It's a funny area for animals and things. Right now, we have a big problem with invasive species of animals in Florida, especially Burmese pythons. Oh. They're taking over the Everglades. They really have. You used to be able to go into the Everglades and see pretty birds and animals and alligators and baby alligators. Now, the pythons have just about cleaned all that out. They claim there may be a hundred thousand pythons in the Everglades. They found they've really acclimated to the Everglades. They're full of pythons now. It's a shame. They've tried to kill them or hunt them out or put bounties on them but it hasn't been very successful. We have those and we have iguanas. They're starting to spread over the area and a couple of other invasive species. It's interesting from a wildlife standpoint. They aren't in Ocean Reef yet but, well there was one python found in Ocean Reef, a big one. They get up to fifteen feet or so. They're big. JP: That's a big snake. RR: Um-hm. Yeah. That's where I am right now. JP: Wow. This business that you sold, your family dairy, this was called? RR: Reiter Dairy. JP: Reiter Dairy and—8 RR: Yeah. My grandfather had started it way back in the Depression. I used to go to work with my dad there back in the thirties. That developed. They were in the butter business and got into the bottled milk business. It was never really very big. It was home delivery in those days. That sort of fizzled out. Then, we became really big in trailer load of deliveries of milk to supermarkets, big stuff, all over the state of Ohio and a lot of private label milk in other people's names, you know, for a supermarket. Then, we got in the ice cream business. We made about five million gallons of ice cream a year, which is not a big operation but it was—it was well-equipped and a good product. We covered most of Ohio out of there. That—they have since moved most of our Akron operations to the plant I bought in Springfield, Ohio. It's still Reiter Dairy down there in a pretty big way. But I haven't been down there to look at that since they've expanded it. In back of all this, I think the basic foundation that was laid, that I achieved at Norwich University was very important in all of this, maybe more so than my MBA training at Harvard. Like Sevie said the other night, there's a secret ingredient here at Norwich University, or a special ingredient that provides, imbues the graduates with a leadership ability through a discipline achieved by military-type life. I think that's a unique thing that is so valuable to Norwich graduates. It's a unique way of life here that they never forget. It just molds the way they approach life with discipline, discipline learned through the military culture. I didn't come here to be a professional military man and I was—I was attracted by the concept of the citizen soldier. I wanted to be able to be a soldier if I was needed and when I was needed but I didn't want to be a professional soldier as opposed to Russ Todd, who went on to be a major general and a division commander. That was—it was so important, I think. Norwich was little when we came here in '46, it was—compare today— today, it was nothing. It was really pretty rough around the edges and the veterans were coming back during that period. We were, for a while, kind of mixed in with the veterans. Then the class, my class, was one of the first really Cadet Corps classes after the War. The veterans, if they were going to be there, had to be in the Cadet Corps, for the most part. That was important for that to happen, I think. They've dropped the fraternities. I don't think the fraternities were very complimentary to the military way of life. There was always a little underlying conflict there, your interests and your loyalties. They did do away with fraternities which I think was a good move. General Harmon did that. That kind of life was very important and I had some great friends. Some of whom have passed on, you know, already. Not too many of us left in our class. We've been treated real nice as old guard. I mean, they—we've been introduced. It's been a—they've taken good care of their old-timers. Yeah. Do you have other questions? JP: I would like to ask, what did advice would you give a rook on how to survive and thrive? RR: Yeah. Yeah. That was one of the questions that you asked me and that's an important question, especially today. I just read a book by Tom Friedlander. He wrote "The Earth is Flat" concept about how we're part of the world economy, which we are. A young man going out into the world today has got a real serious decision to make as to how he's going to approach his job, what he's going to do to sustain his job and not be part of the, part of the economy that doesn't make it. I'd say that to remain in their—retain their integrity and retain their interest in doing a little more than is required in your job and looking for ways to do jobs better. It's the givers who are going to succeed, not the 9 takers. I think it's important for them, going into whatever they do, to be a part for progress and for improvement in order for them to survive. To be one of the survivors, they've got to be one of the people that knows how to improve things and do things in a better way even though it may be threatening, eventually, to their own job but people that can contribute in some way with innovation is what going to be important. Of course, the peak of that would be an entrepreneur that knows how to start his own business and has that determination. That is really great too, I think. It's going to be a tough world out there, a different kind of world, but I think Norwich has prepared them for that in a much better way than a lot of other civilian universities or concepts, especially some of the academic paths that they could choose that—it's got to be pertinent, these days, if they're going to survive and be successful. I think they learn that here. I think that the sciences are going to be extremely important. Be it engineering and that sort of thing, would be a great field to follow. I was reading somewhere, I think it was Harvard Business School, about some of their graduates and where they were going. Some of the more successful have done things like join railroads, Union Pacific or something like that, positive type jobs that have room for innovation and improvement in the economy. JP: Is there anything else you'd like to add? RR: Well, I've been really lucky. I really have. Health has been, I've had some health problems but they've all been fixable. I have two new knees. I had a hip repair. I broke this knee a couple years ago on a rug, slipped on a rug and the doctor in Key Largo said it was the worst break he ever fixed. It was right where the artificial knee is. He put in a steel plate and a cadaver bone and seventeen screws and I've got a, he gave me a copy of the X-ray. It's suitable for framing. I mean, it's really neat. All these screws and wires are in there. He said he couldn't believe it when I got up and walked across the room. He said, "I didn't think you would ever walk on that leg again." JP: You're moving it like nothing's wrong with it. RR: Yeah. As I said, everything that has happened to me, I broke my arm. I broke my shoulder. They've all been fixable. Go to the garage and get it repaired. It's nothing internal that's eating away at you, at least, yet. So, I've been really lucky in that respect. My wife has been so good to put up with nursing me and pushing me around in a wheelchair or whatever has to be done. We've had a great marriage. We have two sons. One's at Arizona State. He's a vice president of Arizona State and his wife is also a vice president in development for their new school of sustainability, whatever that is. Sustainability is a big deal down there. She's set up schools in Amsterdam and Hong Kong and everything with this sustainability concept. The other one, my other son, younger son, is in Chicago at the McCormick Estate, which is called Cantigny. He's in charge of publications and speech writing and all that kind of thing at Cantigny. Cantigny's about a four hundred acre property where Colonel McCormick lived. He was one of the founders of the Chicago Tribune. Colonel McCormick was in the first division, the big red one, in the First World War, an artillery officer. The first battle they fought in France was at a town called Cantigny. So, his home in Chicago was 10 called Cantigny. There's this beautiful estate home, big mansion, home and then the property. He put a museum dedicated to the First Infantry Division on that property. It is first class. It is a beautiful museum. The First Division has meetings there sometimes. Outside, around the museum is a copy of just about every tank that the United States has ever used. They're sitting there, in the grass. Kids can climb all over them. There's an Easy Eight and all kinds of tanks, modern ones and really old ones, sitting around the museum. There's beautiful gardens. There's two eighteen hole golf courses, which are first class courses. It's all open to the public. They've had ten thousand scouts there for a Scout-A-Rama and all kinds of things and weddings. That's where he is. He loves it there, close to his home in the Glen Ellyn area. It's in Wheaton, Illinois is where Cantigny is. Anybody in the Chicago area should visit there. They'll never forget it. That's where they are. I have four grandchildren, two in each place. One of them just got his—in Arizona—one just got his master's in environmental engineering from Stanford. The other is in a discipline, a school for entrepreneurs at Arizona State, in an honors type course, doing really well. That's what they're all doing. I can't think of any other highlights to talk to you about. At Norwich, we did a lot of pranks. We probably got away with much more than we should have, Russ and I. We really did. JP: Care to talk about any of those? RR: We hid behind our authority and that was— that's not really fair. That's not nice. I remember we would take a cigarette and put it, we had M80s, a lot of M80s from having been at summer camp. We had put an M80 and a cigarette, light it, take it down the hall and put it underneath the hall door. The fire door's at the end of the hall. Then, go back in the room. Pretty soon, it be just, "Boom!" You'd dash out into the hall, "Who did that?" And get everybody all excited. Russ told about—I don't remember—when we went around at the summer camp and collected all the guidons from the various units over there with the, telling them they were needed for a wedding that was going to be held. We got away with everybody's guidon and brought them home, I guess. We did a lot of stuff like that. I was surprised. I remember when this time of year, we always had a jug of cider hanging out the window on a string. I mean, that was how you keep it cool. We always had ours hanging up. I didn't see any hanging under the barrel. I think they've straightened that out. They don't allow stuff like that anymore. JP: I've heard about those jugs. RR: Yeah. JP: You'd have a glass jug. RR: Yeah, or a plastic, milk-type jug full of cider, hanging out the window. JP: To keep it cold. RR: Yeah.11 JP: And it would ferment because it wasn't pasteurized. RR: It might. Yeah. It might. But we didn't—there wasn't any drinking problem. I don't even remember a smoking problem. Maybe there was, but I don't remember that. A lot of the things they worry about today, we didn't have those problems that we knew of. Yeah. I remember when we were rooks and the first year, in '46, and once in a while, things would get out of hand. Discipline would break down. The ultimate threat was, "If you guys don't straighten out, we'll call Jackman. Jackman would send the veterans down and straighten you guys out." They did. There were a couple veterans that were really tough and they'd come in and crack down. It was always cracking down. They'd get us out in the hall at night and dress us down and straighten us out and then go back to Jackman. Those were tough days. Discipline wasn't like it should be, like it is now. We did have horses. We had forty horses. RR: Oh, you did. JP: Yeah, my freshman year and the old, grisly cavalry sergeants to go with them. They were really old cavalry guys. The officers brought their own polo ponies with them. Some of the ROTC instructor officers had their polo ponies here. They'd play polo. Then, sophomore year, I think they took all those horses out to Fort Leavenworth or somewhere. Auctioned them off or did something. That was all gone. All the horses were gone and they brought in little tanks. I forget the name of those small tanks, Sheridan Tanks. From then on, it was tanks. The horses were fun. Some guys were better at that than others. They'd take us out there and we'd go up and down those sand hills where the National Guard thing is up here now. We'd go down those hills on our horses. JP: That's pretty hard. RR: Everybody had boots and jodhpurs. It was great. That was more the old cavalry. JP: Well, you turned out all right. RR: Yeah. I had a horse at home in Ohio. When I was at Fort Knox, I chummed around with the guys at the stables and I bought a horse down there. They helped me build a trailer and I trailed the horse home, when I was done at Fort Knox. JP: What kind of horse was it? RR: It was just a riding horse. There's lots of horses down there around Fort Knox so it wasn't hard to find one. The guys at the stables I think helped me find a horse. Meanwhile, I had gone into Louisville and bought a truck. I must have been loaded with money because I paid cash for a nice, brand new Ford pickup. That's what I trailed the horse back home with. That was fun. That's about it. JP: Okay. 12 RR: I thought you might be interested in. JP: Thank you very much for your time. RR: Oh. You're welcome. JP: Really appreciate it. RR: Okay. Track 1 ends. Track 2 begins. JP: We're back with Mr. Reiter, talking about the board of trustees. RR: Yeah. JP: Tell me about the board of trustees. RR: Addendum. When Russ came back from Europe and accepted the presidency of Norwich University. That was really an important thing. He called me and asked me if I would be on the board of trustees, which I agreed to do. I forget who the chairman was. Phil Marsilius was chairman. I was on the board for a while and then Phil resigned, retired from the board chairmanship. I became the chairman of the board of trustees for, I think, about fifteen years. JP: When was this? RR: I don't know. It was in the seventies. JP: We can check after. RR: During Russ's period of the presidency, he's the twenty second president. Twenty second or twenty third, I forget. Twenty second, I think. That was a trying time. Russ had some—was difficult to—for him, in some ways, to adjust from the military discipline for getting things done to the academic way of getting things done where everything has to be staffed around a lot and researched. Russ was used to issuing an order and it didn't always work that way. But things worked out for the better. Charlie Adamson then took over as chairman when I left that job. The biggest thing we did, I think, was search for a new president and get Rich Schneider on board. That was a big job. The board worked really hard on that. I was involved but I had people on the board that were very good at doing that search. That turned out great. I remember that, interviewing Rich and others and so forth. That was a good move and it's turned out to be a really great move. Rich has done a marvelous job. He's brought the university into a more modern time. You can see it when you walk around. It's just amazing what's been done as a result. But that was interesting work on the board. There were a lot of great people on that board. I don't 13 think there's very many of them still on there that I recognize but it's been onward and upward and hugely successful, really great. End of addendum. JP: End of addendum. Thank you.