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An essential feature of political representation is that a mediating assembly is set between the citizenry and political decision making. Representation involves indirect decision making or agency. Rational actor political theory often assumes representation in order to focus on problems of a principal-agent kind, but offers only relatively weak arguments for representation. We offer an alternative argument for representation that builds on our broader interpretation of rational actor political theory - an interpretation that emphasizes expressive considerations relative to instrumental considerations, and operates in a richer motivational setting. As well as providing an account of representation, we believe that our approach is capable of re-connecting rational actor political theory to many of the concerns of more traditional political theory.

This paper continues the investigation of the logic of competing theories (be they scientific, social, political etc.) initiated in [4]. We introduce a many-valued, multi-type modal language which we endow with relational semantics based on enriched reflexive graphs, inspired by Ploščica's representation of general lattices. We axiomatize the resulting many-valued, non-distributive modal logic of these structures and prove a completeness theorem. We illustrate the application of this logic through a case study in which we model competition among interacting political promises and social demands within an arena of political parties social groups.

Applies a Schumpterian theory of leader democracy to the issue of leadership in a representative democracy. Leader democracy is compared to deliberative & aggregative-utilitarian models for democracy, exploring the meaning of representation in each one. Five key characteristics of leader democracy are delineated in terms of (1) the relationship between representatives & the represented; (2) the subject of representation; (3) the concept of knowledge & the role of discussion; (4) the role of political action; & (5) the notion of qualitative representation. 2 Tables. J. Zendejas