Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article examines the challenges and contradictions between some of the leading conceptions of security within the field of International Relations (IR), from those stating that the concept can only be employed by the state with regard to immediate, existential threats, to those that see security as the foundation of social life or as a human good. This article continues a discussion that has taken place in theReview of International Studiesregarding the development of positive security, examining the potential use of the terms 'negative' and 'positive' security to bring clarity to these diverging security perspectives and to argue for a multi-actor security approach. It is argued that positive security perspectives, which rely on non-violent measures, ensure an emphasis upon context, values, and security practices that build trust, and by use of a multi-actor security model, shows the dynamics between state and non-state actors in the creation of security.

This model provides a framework for helping to understand and analyze the airport security problem. By modeling the security process, and identifying the weak points, we were able to make recommendations for possible Federal initiatives through legislative or management action to close the identified security loopholes. Passenger flow through the ticket counter, security station, and gate, which potentially includes terrorists, is modeled and quantified. A probability model estimates the probability of a terrorist escaping detection at the various stations. This probability is a function of the reliability of a proposed security database and the reliability of security equipment. The influence of these reliabilities on the probability of non detection is studied. In addition, a commonly overlooked security problem -- overloading security personnel with passenger traffic to the extent that they are distracted from thoroughly checking passengers - - is modeled and analyzed. Model quantitative results are used to delineate the implications for changes in security policy at the nation's airports.

The topic of the article is the relationship between security culture and anthropology of securi-ty. The authors recall the most important definitions of security culture and anthropology of security, both of which belong to the discipline of security sciences, and conclude that culture, including its special sphere called security culture, is a human creation that strongly affects people, so it would be difficult to explore it scientifically without anthropological knowledge and tools. The authors give an account of the development of security sciences research in Poland, and point out that its subdiscipline called security anthropology is not fully formed yet, its theoretical and methodological identity still being underway; however, it develops dynamically. In forming this new subdiscipline of security sciences, apart from applying mul-tidisciplinary research, it is also necessary to consider different types of anthropology, above all biological, cultural and philosophical anthropology. The authors signalize the potential di-rections of research within the field and conclude that a methodological framework of securi-ty anthropology should be worked out, in a form that is most important and legible at the cur-rent stage of the development of science.

Outlines Lithuania's initiatives to increase regional cooperation and enhance linkages with Euro-Atlantic institutions; views of the Lithuanian foreign minister. Lithuania's chairmanship of the Council of Baltic Sea States, leadership in coordinating assistance for Russia's Kaliningrad region, and prospects for joining the EU and NATO.