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Annual Acquisition Research Symposium. ; The objective of this project is to research current pricing memorandums and determine whether the use of price analysis techniques and pricing memorandums can improve acquisition-pricing outcomes. The purpose of the research is to explore the efficacy of the government's current documentation of price analysis information. The intent is to diagnose what price analysis techniques are being utilized and documented in the contracting file, and to explore potential improvements. This analysis is based on a review of a sample size of 30 contract files and a personnel survey at a Navy contracting office. ; Naval Postgraduate School Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Program ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

This dissertation contains three papers from two projects. The first two papers (Chapter Two and Chapter Three) are from a project entitled Managing Flounder Openings for Maximum Revenue. The objective of this project is to (1) estimate the monthly dockside price of summer flounder and identify seasonality in this price; and (2) set up a mathematical programming model to maximize the landing revenue by allocating the federal government quota on summer flounder across twelve months. In the first paper (Chapter Two), various forms of inverse demand equations are used to estimate the dockside price of summer flounder. These models are evaluated based on their out-of-sample forecasting performance. A structural functional form is selected. In the second paper (Chapter Three), the selected price equation for summer flounder is applied into a revenue maximization model with both the federal government quota constraint and biological constraints from twelve months. The model is solved using CONPOT Solver of GAMS 21.5. The results of the scenarios indicate that the industry should move the landing effort from the period of October February to the period of March August. Comparing with historical data, this method can increase $44.73 million for the industry of landing summer flounder from 1991 to 2005. The third paper (Chapter Four) investigates how China's soybean import prices and domestic prices of soybeans and soybean products affect China's soybean imports. Since 2000, soybeans have been the U.S. leading agricultural exports for bulk commodities. China is the largest importer of U.S. soybean exports. For China's soybean crushing industry, imported soybeans are inputs rather than final products and used to produce soybean meal and oil. A differential production model, which is derived from a two-stage profit maximization model in producer theory, is adopted in this research. Estimates are used to calculate conditional and unconditional price elasticities for China's soybean imports from its major source countries the United States, Argentina, and Brazil. In addition, the Divisia index and unconditional output price elasticities are obtained for China's soybean imports. Estimation results support the hypothesis that China's soybean imports are determined by its domestic demand for soybean meal, rather than soybean oil. This implies that U.S. agribusinesses should pay attention to the dominant role of China's demand for soybean meal and animal feed. U.S. agribusinesses can also use results in this research to evaluate how China's soybean imports from different source countries will change when either international market prices or China's domestic market prices change. ; Ph. D.

Building energy efficiency has aroused much discussion around the world. Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) and relevant regulations and legislation have been established and enforced in the past 15 years due to the extreme 40% consumption of total energy and 38% of total CO2 emissions caused by residential buildings in Europe. This paper aims to confirm the energy premium in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB) and the presence of spatial homogeneity of this energy premium with OLS hedonic prices and the GWR model. The results suggest that the energy premium causes a 12.2% housing price increase from Class G to Class A, or an implicit housing price rise of 1.9% with every ranking of EPC ordinal scale improvement. Furthermore, the areas with a higher incidence of energy labelling are situated in the middle and north-eastern parts of AMB that are inhabited by skilled professionals who more commonly have a higher university education. ; Postprint (published version)

Building energy efficiency has aroused much discussion around the world. Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) and relevant regulations and legislation have been established and enforced in the past 15 years due to the extreme 40% consumption of total energy and 38% of total CO2 emissions caused by residential buildings in Europe. This paper aims to confirm the energy premium in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB) and the presence of spatial homogeneity of this energy premium with OLS hedonic prices and the GWR model. The results suggest that the energy premium causes a 12.2% housing price increase from Class G to Class A, or an implicit housing price rise of 1.9% with every ranking of EPC ordinal scale improvement. Furthermore, the areas with a higher incidence of energy labelling are situated in the middle and north-eastern parts of AMB that are inhabited by skilled professionals who more commonly have a higher university education. ; Postprint (published version)

This study predicted gold prices using the S&P 500, crude oil prices, dollar index and volatility index variables and various machine learning methods. Research results show that gold prices are predicted successfully with existing methods. According to analysis, the most successful gold price forecasters are the WTI, VIX, S&P 500 and US dollar indexes. The machine learning method that best predicts gold prices is the random forest method, with an R-square of 0.96 and a MAPE value of 3.5%. This study is expected to contribute to the literature in measuring the success of machine learning algorithms in price prediction and the predictability of gold prices within the framework of the efficient markets hypothesis.

This master reference-now in its fifth edition-contains everything you need to know about government pricing rules and regulations in one easy-to-use volume. Guide to Contract Pricing: Cost and Price Analysis for Contractors, Subcontractors, and Government Agencies, 5th Edition, explains how the government conducts business and walks you through every step of the contracting process. This fully updated edition includes a new chapter on the role of auditors in contract pricing as well as five new detailed appendices. A CD-ROM provides sample forms, templates, and tools to facilitate the cost and price analysis process

This study aimed to analyze the price of oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunches at PT. Gawi Makmur Kalimantan Banjarmasin in South Kalimantan, specifically to develop cost component information designs and their impacts on Government policies in the oil palm sector. The difference in calculation of cost components between the cost of production of farmers from Permentan Number 14 / Permentan / OT.140 / 2/2013. The effort that must be done in responding to differences in the determination of the cost of production of Fresh Fruit Bunches based on government regulations, oil palm growers and the company, if there is no win-win solution. The research method used consists of (1) Field research, (2) Library research. Research data were qualitative and quantitative. The data analysis technique was in accordance with the determination of the price of FFB through Permentan Number 14 / Permentan / OT.140 / 2/2013, as for the formula used for the calculation of HTBS = K (HCPO x RCPO + HIS xRIS). The sampling technique used judgment / purposive sampling. The object of research was at PT. Gawi Makmur Kalimantan Banjarmasin in South Kalimantan. The results of the study to calculate the cost components included in the cost of FFB production include: plant maintenance costs, indirect costs, unit depreciation costs. The difference in the calculation of the cost components of farmers only compares the total cost of production with the price of production, while the Government calculation is based on Permentan No.14 / Permentan / OT.14 / 2/2013. Efforts that must be made in the difference in FFB pricing if there is no win-win solution are: there is a guarantee of transparency from the sales, both export and local, between farmers and oil palm entrepreneurs. For documents of volume, prices and costs should always be valid, so the data are not presented unilaterally but are known by all parties.

Introduction: Since 2011, the prices for all new drugs in Germany are negotiated based on a benefit assessment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the price regulation of drugs with unproven additional benefit. Methods: Benefit assessment procedures from 2011 to 2020 were reviewed and selected through AMNOG Monitor and Lauer Taxe. Negotiated annual therapy costs, the annual costs of the most cost-efficient appropriate comparative therapy (ACT) and the potential budget impact for 33 included procedures were calculated. Results: 55% of the included drugs achieved a negotiated price higher than the most cost-efficient ACT, 3% were identified as equal and 42% showed lower negotiated prices. The potential savings exceeded expenditures by around EUR 523.5 m. After price flexibility was adopted by the legislator in 2017, the overall potential savings still outweighed the expenditures by around EUR 62 m. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that making price negotiations more flexible by law does not undermine the fundamental aim of the AMNOG, which is to avoid additional expenditure without increased patient benefit. The regulation can thus fulfill the objective provided by the legislature of keeping drugs without proven additional benefits in the German healthcare system.