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This paper uses data from Annual Housing Surveys to investigate the relationship between growth in family size and the move from rented to owner occupied housing in the mid and late 1970s. A series of studies conducted in the 1950s and 1960s established that growth in the size of the family triggered moves from rented to owner occupied housing. Changes in house price inflation during the 1970s may have altered the social and economic conditions associated with a move from rented to owner occupied housing. Log-linear analyses of data from the 1974 and 1978 Annual Housing Surveys indicate that, while growth in the size of a renter's family continued to predict the purchase of owner occupied housing in 1978, the composition of the purchasing group changed significantly between 1974 and 1978, with childless couples increasing and households with children decreasing. The declines in the latter group occurred primarily among poorer households. The implications of these changes for the life cycle - housing cycle model of residential mobility are explored.

This dissertation consists of four essays with specific objectives. The overall objective is, however, to seek a further understanding of the issue of cross-border residential transaction markets. While the first two essays focus specifically on transaction processes and costs in a number of selected countries, the two subsequent essays shift their attention towards the EU's Internal Market and the impact of differences between the countries, with relation to the transparency of transaction markets. The research is primary based on studies of written sources, subject-specific literature and legislation. The main message is that organization of the transaction process affects transaction costs in different ways. It can be argued that efficiency is associated with a lowering of transaction costs. The efficiency of different structures depends on our perspective. Transparency is associated with the organisation of transactions and their needs, though the term is somewhat unclear. Generally, the term may refer to the ability of transaction participants to observe information concerning the transacting process, thereby increasing their knowledge to make informed decisions. Thus it can be argued that a better basis for the decision-making process presupposes information disclosure, more standardized transaction practices, synchronized legal systems, and both legible and transparent regulations. This leads to the design of a transparency system, which is based on an understanding of the need for the system and its goal. Although reaching transparency will be both complex and time-consuming, this study draws attention to certain key aspect of the need to encourage transparency. The first two essays focus on how residential transactions are organized in selected countries and on the costs for carrying out these transactions. Essay II works with two hypotheses concerning the relation between the organizational structure and the transaction costs. The study shows that transaction processes and costs differ considerably ...

This dissertation consists of four essays with specific objectives. The overall objective is, however, to seek a further understanding of the issue of cross-border residential transaction markets. While the first two essays focus specifically on transaction processes and costs in a number of selected countries, the two subsequent essays shift their attention towards the EU's Internal Market and the impact of differences between the countries, with relation to the transparency of transaction markets. The research is primary based on studies of written sources, subject-specific literature and legislation. The main message is that organization of the transaction process affects transaction costs in different ways. It can be argued that efficiency is associated with a lowering of transaction costs. The efficiency of different structures depends on our perspective. Transparency is associated with the organisation of transactions and their needs, though the term is somewhat unclear. Generally, the term may refer to the ability of transaction participants to observe information concerning the transacting process, thereby increasing their knowledge to make informed decisions. Thus it can be argued that a better basis for the decision-making process presupposes information disclosure, more standardized transaction practices, synchronized legal systems, and both legible and transparent regulations. This leads to the design of a transparency system, which is based on an understanding of the need for the system and its goal. Although reaching transparency will be both complex and time-consuming, this study draws attention to certain key aspect of the need to encourage transparency. The first two essays focus on how residential transactions are organized in selected countries and on the costs for carrying out these transactions. Essay II works with two hypotheses concerning the relation between the organizational structure and the transaction costs. The study shows that transaction processes and costs differ considerably ...

by Pui-yee Connie Tang. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-252). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.ii ; TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv ; LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii ; ABBREVIATIONS --- p.viii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ix ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- HOUSING MARKET AND HOME OWNERSHIP --- p.6 ; The Hong Kong residential housing market --- p.7 ; Growth of home ownership --- p.23 ; Conclusion --- p.38 ; Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- STUDYING HOUSING PROVISION --- p.40 ; Neo-classical economics --- p.41 ; Classical Marxism --- p.43 ; Urban political economy --- p.46 ; Beyond Marxian political economy --- p.56 ; Structures of housing provision --- p.58 ; Conclusion --- p.63 ; Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- HONG KONG PROPERTY DEVELOPERS --- p.64 ; Roles of property developers --- p.64 ; Types of property developers --- p.66 ; The research agenda --- p.68 ; Historical development of Hong Kong property developers --- p.70 ; British-controlled property companies --- p.79 ; Chinese-controlled property companies --- p.81 ; Overseas-controlled property companies --- p.91 ; Public-sector developers --- p.93 ; Other public companies --- p.96 ; Conclusion --- p.100 ; Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- THE OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING PROVISION IN HONG KONG --- p.102 ; Forms of housing production --- p.103 ; The housing development process in Hong Kong --- p.107 ; Land search and assembly --- p.108 ; "Planning permission, development design and finance" --- p.128 ; Housing construction --- p.137 ; Marketing and selling --- p.142 ; Conclusion --- p.148 ; Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- PROPERTY DEVELOPERS AND THEIR POWER --- p.149 ; Developers' market power --- p.149 ; Developers' political power --- p.175 ; Conclusion --- p.186 ; Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- HONG KONG OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING AND THEIR FUTURE --- p.188 ; Expand owner-occupied housing sector --- p.189 ; Strategies to promote home ownership --- p.198 ; The future structure of ...

Owner Occupied housing is generally assumed to be safe and of reasonably high quality in the United States. Prior research on housing quality using the American Housing Survey generally finds housing quality is good. Recent research critiquing housing quality measures found in the AHS and offering alternative measures complicate this assumption by showing housing quality is more variable than usually assumed and the costs of housing repair needs are worth billions of dollars a year. In order to better understand the state of housing quality in owner occupied housing we present information from Philadelphia's Basic Systems Repair Program (BSRP). BSRP is an emergency repair program that offers grants to low income homeowners. From 2009-2019 the city has spect a little over $98 million in repairs helping nearly 11,000 households. Comparing AHS derived estimates of housing quality to the BSRP we find that housing quality for owner occupied homes in Philadelphia may be more severe than is often assumed and that severe housing quality issues disproportionately affect Black homeowners in the city. Planners concerned with stabilizing neighborhoods, protecting property values and the racially disparate costs of homeownership should pay closer to attention to housing quality issues and look at the feasibility of emergency home repair programs in affected areas.

Household energy constitutes an important share of affordable housing. Unaffordable housing and inadequate household energy represent a new dimension of poverty. Connections between energy, housing affordability and well-being are still under-researched. Building on housing affordability framework, this study explores the magnitude in changes in affordability of acquisition and use of an apartment between January 2018 and January 2022. Over the last four years, the real estate market in Europe has changed significantly. This paper deals with primary data for the Czech Republic, where acquisition prices of residential real estate increased depending on the region in the range of 50 to 120%. Since January 2022, there has been a sharp rise in energy prices and a tightening of conditions for the acquisition of mortgage loans. All these factors affect the standard of living in the Czech Republic. The article quantifies the magnitude of this change by calculating shares of total housing costs to total average net household income for the period January 2018 and January 2022. It is found that the affordability of owner-occupied housing in the Czech Republic has deteriorated and part of the middle class will be forced to move to the rental housing sector, multifamily housing and sharing. Finally, we argue that energy poverty needs to be considered in addressing the government housing policies. The aim of the article is to analyze the changes that have taken place in the real estate market over the last four years in relation to the growth of total housing costs and energy costs associated with housing.