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International audience ; This paper aims at proposing an specification of the Federation oriented Enterprise Interoperability concept, using Multi Agent / HLA paradigm and the rising notion of Short-Lived Ontology. We give first, a review of Enterprise Interoperability. Then, we recall on Artificial Agent Concept and HLA Standard that appear to be adequate to support execution of the studied concept. Indeed, on the one hand Agent dialogue fits the concept of information exchange in a federated enterprise interoperability approach, on the other hand the HLA standard, initially designed for military M&S purpose, can be transposed for enterprise interoperability at the implementation level, reusing the years of experiences in distributed systems. From these postulates, we propose the first Agent/HLA Short-Lived Ontology framework for distributed enterprise interoperability solution in the federated enterprise approach.

This paper focuses on the consequences of cross-border banking and entry of multi-national banks (MNBs) for banking supervision and regulation. When a MNB expands internationally with subsidiaries, the MNB operates under the legislation of several countries - both the home country and the host countries. Although these countries have agreed upon minimum standards and supervisory principles, such as in the EU directives or the Basle Accords, substantial degrees of freedom are still left to the national regulators. An important issue is whether the decentralized approach to regulation of MNBs creates inefficiencies and financial instability. We show that lack of international coordination of regulation towards MNB-subsidiaries works to lower capital adequacy requirements. In equilibrium, however, regulators respond by increasing the incentives to improve asset quality, making the probability of banking failure insensitive to the decentralized nature of banking regulation. Ownership of the MNB is shown to be of importance for the outcome of regulatory competition. Finally, considering branch-organized MNBs, we derive comparative

With a price tag of six billion dollars, the recent US election season set a record for the most expensive election of all times, and re-launched the global debate on campaign finance. The complex relationship between money and democracy has sparked controversy since the beginnings of democracy in ancient Greece, when the first incidents of vote buying were reported, and has continued to do so ever since. Although arguments can be made for both sides, several key reforms can be implemented across the globe. In Europe, government funds are provided to political parties in exchange for full disclosure of campaign expenditures, which has been flaunted as the best way to level the playing field between incumbents and challengers. Well-established democracies still have room for improvement in this area. Transparency should be more strongly emphasized in local and smaller level races as well as nation wide campaigns. The key is to ensure that the reforms that take place are implemented in a realistic and balanced manner that takes into account the global experience with campaign finance. Adapted from the source document.

International audience ; Pressure of governments, local communities and customers is urging organizations to consider sustainability in their development process. Sustainability should not be a separate concept from enterprise models. Moreover economic, environmental and social dimensions should be assessed at different organization levels namely product, process and supply chain. In this paper, sustainability concepts are presented, and then an investigation on enterprise modeling approaches is carried. The goal is to analyze the adequacy of these approaches with sustainability evaluation to highlight the need for an appropriate enterprise modeling approach that fits with sustainability assessment requirements.

International audience ; Pressure of governments, local communities and customers is urging organizations to consider sustainability in their development process. Sustainability should not be a separate concept from enterprise models. Moreover economic, environmental and social dimensions should be assessed at different organization levels namely product, process and supply chain. In this paper, sustainability concepts are presented, and then an investigation on enterprise modeling approaches is carried. The goal is to analyze the adequacy of these approaches with sustainability evaluation to highlight the need for an appropriate enterprise modeling approach that fits with sustainability assessment requirements.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 How to Use This Book -- 2 What Is Intelligence? -- 3 What Is the National Security Enterprise? -- 4 What Is the Intelligence Community? -- 5 From Intelligence Cycle to Policy Support -- 6 Strategic Intelligence -- 7 The Challenges of Warning -- 8 Intelligence Support as Policy Enabler -- 9 Covert Action as Policy Support -- 10 The Challenges of the Intelligence-Policy Relationship -- 11 Intelligence and American Democracy -- Glossary: Intelligence Terms -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- About the Author.