Suchergebnisse

Article extrait d'un doctorat en cours sur les politiques du logement, menées à Paris et à Londres au nom de la mixité sociale, qui utilisent le logement des couches moyennes pour "rééquilibrer" les quartiers populaires (Goutte d'Or et Tower Hamlets) et les quartiers aisés (8e arrondissement et Chelsea). ; International audience ; Social mixing is one of the main objectives of urban policies developed in Paris and in London and justifies interventions in the affordable housing allocation schemes in order to transform low-status neighbourhoods. In this perspective, these policies give special attention to the key workers, considered as an effective "relay" for the social mixing of the working classes and immigrants. However, this policy is risky insofar as it is based on an unverified but supposed acceptance of residents with heterogeneous social and residential trajectories to coexist with others. ; La mixité sociale constitue un des objectifs centraux des politiques urbaines menées à Paris et à Londres et légitime des interventions sur le peuplement du logement social et intermédiaire pour transformer les quartiers populaires. Dans cette optique, une attention toute particulière est accordée aux acteurs clés considérés comme des « relais » efficaces de mixité sociale auprès des couches populaires et issues de l'immigration. Pourtant, cette politique comporte des risques dans la mesure où elle repose sur une acceptation supposée, bien que non vérifiée, des habitants aux trajectoires sociales et résidentielles hétérogènes à cohabiter avec d'autres.

Article extrait d'un doctorat en cours sur les politiques du logement, menées à Paris et à Londres au nom de la mixité sociale, qui utilisent le logement des couches moyennes pour "rééquilibrer" les quartiers populaires (Goutte d'Or et Tower Hamlets) et les quartiers aisés (8e arrondissement et Chelsea). ; International audience ; Social mixing is one of the main objectives of urban policies developed in Paris and in London and justifies interventions in the affordable housing allocation schemes in order to transform low-status neighbourhoods. In this perspective, these policies give special attention to the key workers, considered as an effective "relay" for the social mixing of the working classes and immigrants. However, this policy is risky insofar as it is based on an unverified but supposed acceptance of residents with heterogeneous social and residential trajectories to coexist with others. ; La mixité sociale constitue un des objectifs centraux des politiques urbaines menées à Paris et à Londres et légitime des interventions sur le peuplement du logement social et intermédiaire pour transformer les quartiers populaires. Dans cette optique, une attention toute particulière est accordée aux acteurs clés considérés comme des « relais » efficaces de mixité sociale auprès des couches populaires et issues de l'immigration. Pourtant, cette politique comporte des risques dans la mesure où elle repose sur une acceptation supposée, bien que non vérifiée, des habitants aux trajectoires sociales et résidentielles hétérogènes à cohabiter avec d'autres.

Article extrait d'un doctorat en cours sur les politiques du logement, menées à Paris et à Londres au nom de la mixité sociale, qui utilisent le logement des couches moyennes pour "rééquilibrer" les quartiers populaires (Goutte d'Or et Tower Hamlets) et les quartiers aisés (8e arrondissement et Chelsea). ; International audience ; Social mixing is one of the main objectives of urban policies developed in Paris and in London and justifies interventions in the affordable housing allocation schemes in order to transform low-status neighbourhoods. In this perspective, these policies give special attention to the key workers, considered as an effective "relay" for the social mixing of the working classes and immigrants. However, this policy is risky insofar as it is based on an unverified but supposed acceptance of residents with heterogeneous social and residential trajectories to coexist with others. ; La mixité sociale constitue un des objectifs centraux des politiques urbaines menées à Paris et à Londres et légitime des interventions sur le peuplement du logement social et intermédiaire pour transformer les quartiers populaires. Dans cette optique, une attention toute particulière est accordée aux acteurs clés considérés comme des « relais » efficaces de mixité sociale auprès des couches populaires et issues de l'immigration. Pourtant, cette politique comporte des risques dans la mesure où elle repose sur une acceptation supposée, bien que non vérifiée, des habitants aux trajectoires sociales et résidentielles hétérogènes à cohabiter avec d'autres.

Article extrait d'un doctorat en cours sur les politiques du logement, menées à Paris et à Londres au nom de la mixité sociale, qui utilisent le logement des couches moyennes pour "rééquilibrer" les quartiers populaires (Goutte d'Or et Tower Hamlets) et les quartiers aisés (8e arrondissement et Chelsea). ; International audience ; Social mixing is one of the main objectives of urban policies developed in Paris and in London and justifies interventions in the affordable housing allocation schemes in order to transform low-status neighbourhoods. In this perspective, these policies give special attention to the key workers, considered as an effective "relay" for the social mixing of the working classes and immigrants. However, this policy is risky insofar as it is based on an unverified but supposed acceptance of residents with heterogeneous social and residential trajectories to coexist with others. ; La mixité sociale constitue un des objectifs centraux des politiques urbaines menées à Paris et à Londres et légitime des interventions sur le peuplement du logement social et intermédiaire pour transformer les quartiers populaires. Dans cette optique, une attention toute particulière est accordée aux acteurs clés considérés comme des « relais » efficaces de mixité sociale auprès des couches populaires et issues de l'immigration. Pourtant, cette politique comporte des risques dans la mesure où elle repose sur une acceptation supposée, bien que non vérifiée, des habitants aux trajectoires sociales et résidentielles hétérogènes à cohabiter avec d'autres.

When novel disease outbreaks occur in livestock, policy makers must respond promptly to eliminate disease, and are typically called on to make control decisions before detailed analysis of disease parameters can be undertaken. We present a flexible metapopulation model of disease spread that incorporates variation in livestock density and includes occasional high-mixing locations or events, such as markets or race meetings. Using probability generating functions derived from this branching process model, we compare the likely success of reactive control strategies in eliminating disease spread. We find that the optimal vaccine strategy varies according to the disease transmission rate, with homogeneous vaccination most effective for low transmission rates, and heterogeneous vaccination preferable for high levels of transmission. Quarantine combines well with vaccination, with the chance of disease elimination enhanced even for vaccines with low efficacy. Control decisions surrounding horse race meetings were of particular concern during the 2007 outbreak of equine influenza in Australia. We show that this type of high-mixing event is a powerful spread mechanism, even when the proportion of time spent at such events is low. If such locations remain open, elimination will require a highly effective vaccine with high coverage. However, a policy of banning animals from quarantined regions from attending such events can provide an effective alternative if full closure of events is economically or politically untenable.

When novel disease outbreaks occur in livestock, policy makers must respond promptly to eliminate disease, and are typically called on to make control decisions before detailed analysis of disease parameters can be undertaken. We present a flexible metapopulation model of disease spread that incorporates variation in livestock density and includes occasional high-mixing locations or events, such as markets or race meetings. Using probability generating functions derived from this branching process model, we compare the likely success of reactive control strategies in eliminating disease spread. We find that the optimal vaccine strategy varies according to the disease transmission rate, with homogeneous vaccination most effective for low transmission rates, and heterogeneous vaccination preferable for high levels of transmission. Quarantine combines well with vaccination, with the chance of disease elimination enhanced even for vaccines with low efficacy. Control decisions surrounding horse race meetings were of particular concern during the 2007 outbreak of equine influenza in Australia. We show that this type of high-mixing event is a powerful spread mechanism, even when the proportion of time spent at such events is low. If such locations remain open, elimination will require a highly effective vaccine with high coverage. However, a policy of banning animals from quarantined regions from attending such events can provide an effective alternative if full closure of events is economically or politically untenable.

The advent of Web 2.0 has led to the development of new information infrastructures, where the logic of collective action is becoming more heterogeneous and multilayered, derived not from a single core structure (e.g. a corporation), but from networked interdependencies. Although lay users and expert user-developers act collectively towards commonly shared goals (e.g. producing, mixing, ripping and sharing digital content), their actions are not collective but rather are instigated under complex motivational structures whereby no single individual or group of individuals has complete information regarding all likely combinations of future events. This article explores the complex interactions of distributed networks of lay users, expert developers and owners of new information infrastructures such as Flickr. The article then focuses on the challenge of governing the consequences of these new information infrastructures and concludes with implications for further research.

AbstractAggregate continuous time formulations used in system dynamics models result in the implicit mixing of individual constituents of levels. Normally, this is acceptable as the heterogeneous nature of model variables implies that some individuals counted in a level's value will pass others and exit earlier. In models with a focus on chronological aging and age‐related characteristics, this phenomenon, which we call cohort blending, can result in large distortions. Using aging chains can reduce these distortions, but cohort blending persists even with one‐year groupings. As an alternative, we introduce an approach we call "continuous cohorting" in which populations are tracked with cohorts sized the same as the computational interval of the model. This approach eliminates the blending problem with minimal notational and moderate computational burden. The resulting models display quantitative, though limited qualitative, differences from their traditional counterparts and are more easily defensible with demographers and others who study population dynamics. Copyright © 2013 System Dynamics Society

Design Dispersed pursues the complex and heterogeneous connections between migration and design in the 20th and 21st centuries. The edited volume gathers contributions by international researchers and curators on the question of how design practices and (historical) objects articulate, respond to and critically reflect on migration, flight and displacement: Besides a collage which highlights the aesthetic effects resulting from the networking, overlapping and mixing of forms, another strand of the book looks at the political and social dimensions of design. How are design objects material modes of a critical inquiry on movements of people and things? What role do object trajectories play in the émigré movements of the 1930s and 1940s? Other texts follow the question of how migrants and refugees form their experience and political fight for acceptance into design and architectural productions. A final essay contributes to wordings and projections - what vocabulary do we need in order to adequately think and write about a design dispersed?

International audience ; A global chemistry climate model is used in conjunction with a regional chemistry-transport model dedicated to air quality studies to investigate the impact of anthropogenic emission changes, under several scenarios, on western European summertime surface O 3 levels in 2030. The implementation of presently decided emission control legislation in the individual countries worldwide leads to a geographically heterogeneous impact on summertime surface O 3 levels over Europe. A decrease of the averaged O 3 mixing ratio reaching À3 ppbv is predicted in southern areas whereas an increase reaching up 4 ppbv is calculated in northwestern Europe. The benefit of European emission control measures is found to be significantly counterbalanced by increasing global O 3 levels and subsequent long range transport since both are of the same magnitude (up to 4 ppbv) but opposite in sign. However, the net effect of both global and European emission changes is a significant decrease of O 3 extreme episodes during summertime.

International audience ; A global chemistry climate model is used in conjunction with a regional chemistry-transport model dedicated to air quality studies to investigate the impact of anthropogenic emission changes, under several scenarios, on western European summertime surface O 3 levels in 2030. The implementation of presently decided emission control legislation in the individual countries worldwide leads to a geographically heterogeneous impact on summertime surface O 3 levels over Europe. A decrease of the averaged O 3 mixing ratio reaching À3 ppbv is predicted in southern areas whereas an increase reaching up 4 ppbv is calculated in northwestern Europe. The benefit of European emission control measures is found to be significantly counterbalanced by increasing global O 3 levels and subsequent long range transport since both are of the same magnitude (up to 4 ppbv) but opposite in sign. However, the net effect of both global and European emission changes is a significant decrease of O 3 extreme episodes during summertime.

International audience ; A global chemistry climate model is used in conjunction with a regional chemistry-transport model dedicated to air quality studies to investigate the impact of anthropogenic emission changes, under several scenarios, on western European summertime surface O 3 levels in 2030. The implementation of presently decided emission control legislation in the individual countries worldwide leads to a geographically heterogeneous impact on summertime surface O 3 levels over Europe. A decrease of the averaged O 3 mixing ratio reaching À3 ppbv is predicted in southern areas whereas an increase reaching up 4 ppbv is calculated in northwestern Europe. The benefit of European emission control measures is found to be significantly counterbalanced by increasing global O 3 levels and subsequent long range transport since both are of the same magnitude (up to 4 ppbv) but opposite in sign. However, the net effect of both global and European emission changes is a significant decrease of O 3 extreme episodes during summertime.

International audience ; A global chemistry climate model is used in conjunction with a regional chemistry-transport model dedicated to air quality studies to investigate the impact of anthropogenic emission changes, under several scenarios, on western European summertime surface O 3 levels in 2030. The implementation of presently decided emission control legislation in the individual countries worldwide leads to a geographically heterogeneous impact on summertime surface O 3 levels over Europe. A decrease of the averaged O 3 mixing ratio reaching À3 ppbv is predicted in southern areas whereas an increase reaching up 4 ppbv is calculated in northwestern Europe. The benefit of European emission control measures is found to be significantly counterbalanced by increasing global O 3 levels and subsequent long range transport since both are of the same magnitude (up to 4 ppbv) but opposite in sign. However, the net effect of both global and European emission changes is a significant decrease of O 3 extreme episodes during summertime.

International audience ; A global chemistry climate model is used in conjunction with a regional chemistry-transport model dedicated to air quality studies to investigate the impact of anthropogenic emission changes, under several scenarios, on western European summertime surface O 3 levels in 2030. The implementation of presently decided emission control legislation in the individual countries worldwide leads to a geographically heterogeneous impact on summertime surface O 3 levels over Europe. A decrease of the averaged O 3 mixing ratio reaching À3 ppbv is predicted in southern areas whereas an increase reaching up 4 ppbv is calculated in northwestern Europe. The benefit of European emission control measures is found to be significantly counterbalanced by increasing global O 3 levels and subsequent long range transport since both are of the same magnitude (up to 4 ppbv) but opposite in sign. However, the net effect of both global and European emission changes is a significant decrease of O 3 extreme episodes during summertime.

International audience ; A global chemistry climate model is used in conjunction with a regional chemistry-transport model dedicated to air quality studies to investigate the impact of anthropogenic emission changes, under several scenarios, on western European summertime surface O 3 levels in 2030. The implementation of presently decided emission control legislation in the individual countries worldwide leads to a geographically heterogeneous impact on summertime surface O 3 levels over Europe. A decrease of the averaged O 3 mixing ratio reaching À3 ppbv is predicted in southern areas whereas an increase reaching up 4 ppbv is calculated in northwestern Europe. The benefit of European emission control measures is found to be significantly counterbalanced by increasing global O 3 levels and subsequent long range transport since both are of the same magnitude (up to 4 ppbv) but opposite in sign. However, the net effect of both global and European emission changes is a significant decrease of O 3 extreme episodes during summertime.