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This paper deals with the psychoanalytical conception of aggressivity, destruction & war in relation to the contemporary context of the globalization process. The destructive tendencies are interpreted with the help of the psychoanalytical theory of the paranoid-schizoid position. The paper plays off Patocka's "heretic" conception of war as something meaningful & meaning-giving against the Freudian conception of war as one of several ways in which the death drive may be externalized. It examines the possibilities of Freudian determinism & instinctivism to handle human destructivity. It suggests that something like a "destructive revolution," which would be analogous to the 20th century sexual revolution, is needed in order to reduce the contemporary international tension. Adapted from the source document.

The text focuses on the description & evaluation of an Islamic social system in the framework of the so-called Islamic moral economy based on obligatory alms (zakat) & the waqf system. Attention is paid to the main institutions of the Islamic social order such as mosques, madrasas, foundations, waqf property & forms of financing. The main principles & differences in charitable activities in Sunni, Shi'a Islam, Christianity & Sufi orders are highlighted & analyzed. The article defines & clarifies the main historic landmarks of Islamic charity while providing a survey of contemporary Islamic NGO. Common features of the Islamic NGOs & their sporadic links to Islamist movements & terrorists are also discussed. The article concludes with an identification of the main reasons for the relatively small impact of the measures taken after the September 11. Adapted from the source document.

The objective of this article is to provide a survey of basic facts about process of globalization. We can define globalization as the international economic integration through particular markets. Globalization is largely continual & objective process that began approximately in the middle of nineteenth century. Main factors determining globalization are technology & liberalization & also "desire of people to participate in globalization." On the other hand globalization reinforces these factors. Within globalization we can also see two following processes. The essence of the first one is centralization & concentration of production & capital & in the centre of second one stands a process of transnationalization. The results of these tendencies are creation & action of transnational corporations. Today these firms are major entities forming present globalization. It is also necessary to give certain attention to the role of state in current world. References. Adapted from the source document.

Während im Westen Prozesse der Deregulierung, Privatisierung und Liberalisierung zur Schaffung einer globalen Ökonomie und zum riesigen Produktivitätszuwachs beigetragen hätten, führten sie in der Tschechischen Republik zum Produktivitätsverfall, ansteigender Korruption, Vertiefung des moralischen Marasmus und wirtschaftlicher Provinzialisierung eines inmitten Europas liegenden Landes. Obwohl die dafür Verantwortlichen die bisherige Transformation auf triumphale Weise für geglückt und bereits beendet erklärt hätten, müße sie im Grunde als gescheitert angesehen werden. Der Mißerfolg hänge damit zusammen, daß die Ideologen des Neoliberalismus, mit Klaus an der Spitze, die unentbehrliche Rolle des Staates als einer Institution verkannten, die dem freien Markt adäquate Rahmenbedingungen setzen müße. Dies sei der Weg zur Bereinigung der Transformationsidee, deren Akzeptanz in der Öffentlichkeit und der Besserung der Verhältnisse. (BIOst-Hrs)

A phenomenon of globalization of world economy leads to diminishing of the borders between states. There is an important role of international trade in this process, which appears in much more heterogeneous forms than in the past. While the classical theory of foreign trade basically assumed commodity trade with the final products, due to fragmentation of production chains the major part of trade is performed with intermediate goods and also the trade in services becomes more and more dynamic. Increasing volume of the trade between countries is carried out without changing the ownership of traded goods, and vice versa -- changing the ownership of goods without crossing the border of the country. There is important role of multinational enterprises, which are currently behind most of the economic operations. The major implication of these phenomena is increasingly difficult possibility to capture the statistical data correctly and therefore to obtain objective data on the behaviour of the economy for analytical purposes and economic policy. Adapted from the source document.