Suchergebnisse

Das Paraphrasieren stellt eine bekannte kognitive Methode in der empirischen Sozialforschung dar: Die antwortenden Personen werden gebeten, eine Frage in ihren eigenen Worten zu wiederholen. Das Paraphrasieren erlaubt nähere Erkenntnisse darüber, ob der Antwortende die Fragestellung verstanden hat und in der beabsichtigten Weise interpretiert. Die Autoren zeigen anhand eines kleinen Experiments, inwieweit die Technik des Paraphrasierens tatsächlich zu validen Informationen in der Umfrageforschung führen kann. Sie stützen sich hierbei auf Daten eines kognitiven Pretests mit 20 Personen aus einer ALLBUS-Umfrage. (ICI)

Forensic Science Experiments is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the types of scientific inquiry that might be conducted in the course of an investigation. From developing fingerprints to analyzing soil, hair, and powder, the experiments in this new volume will allow students to take the lead in the investigations. With easy-to-follow instructions, these experiments can be completed in school or at home, and will encourage young scientists to examine the world around them in closer detail. Experiments include:. Studying and Comparing Fingerprints. Developing Fingerprints. Testin

Environmental Science Experiments introduces students to the challenges in balancing the use of resources with maintaining a healthy environment. The experiments in this title encourage students to increase their awareness of the environment, the impact of environmental change, and how Earth's residents can stop or slow the destruction of habitats. From experiments about acid rain and oil spills to studying a freshwater habitat and investigating alternative fuels, the experiments in this book will serve as inspiration for students to pursue an education in a related field. Experiments include:. Oil Spills and the Environment. Acid Rain. Slowing Down Erosion. Creating a Model Landfill. What Nature Recycles. Solar Still. Filtering Water to Prevent Pollution. Investigating Alternative Fuels. Biodiversity Activity. Soil Moisture and Permeability. Determining Soil Quality. Desert Adaptations and Water. Succession: Forest in a Jar. Dandelion's Habitat. Matching Animals to Their Biomes. Studying a Freshwater Habitat. And more.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Are You Running Late? -- Taiga Biomes -- The Scientific Method -- Science Fairs -- Safety First -- A Note About Your Notebook -- Chapter 1: 20 Minutes or Less -- Experiment 1: Using Maps (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- MAP: The World's Land Biomes -- Experiment 2: A Climatogram of a City in a Taiga Biome (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 3: A Taiga Animal's Wide Feet and Pressure (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What's the Plan? -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 4: Seasons in a Taiga (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Chapter 2: 30 Minutes or Less -- Experiment 5: Soil Acidity (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 6: How Permafrost Helps Keep a Taiga Wet (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Chapter 3: One Hour or Less -- Experiment 7: Taiga Snow in Sun and Shade (1 hour) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 8: Animal Tracks (1 hour) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What's the Plan? -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 9: Making Casts of Tracks in Snow or Dirt (1 hour) -- What's the Plan -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 10: The Melting Point of Snow (1 hour)

Im Rahmen des Brixen Water Light Festival fand vom 3. bis zum 21. Mai 2023 im Südtiroler Kloster Neustift auch das internationale Ausstellungsprogramm "Water Light Lab" statt – und bot viel Raum für künstlerische Experimente.

von Martina Stella

There are several contexts in which randomization in research design is not possible. Researchers may be interested in the effects of large-scale events or policy initiatives, or of complex causal processes that cannot be replicated. Threats to external validity in randomized experiments will lead to greater dividends for some research questions in a quasi-experimental design. Quasi-experiments can offer opportunities for testing causal theories, if they are carefully constructed to counter threats to internal validity. Furthermore, randomization is not a simple guarantee against threats to internal validity where few units of observation are used. An appreciation of the intersection of these approaches—between stronger quasi-experiments and weaker randomized experiments—can help guide our choice of experimental method. One can make the same argument about the benefits of pursuing good opportunities with quasi-experiments over scant opportunities with randomized experiments as is made more often in reverse.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Are You Running Late? -- Tundra Biomes -- The Scientific Method -- Science Fairs -- Safety First -- A Note About Your Notebook -- Chapter 1: 30 Minutes or Less -- Experiment 1: Using Maps (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- MAP: The World's Land Biomes -- Experiment 2: A Climatogram of a City (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 3: Bowl-Shaped Leaves: An Adaptation of Tundra Plants (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 4: Finding the Energy (Heat) to Melt One Gram of Ice (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Experiment 5: Tundra's Permafrost: A Model (30 Minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 6: Solar Heat and Leaf Color (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 7: Greenland's Melting Ice Sheet (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 8: Seasons in the Tundra (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 9: Camouflage: Present But Out-of-Sight (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Chapter 2: One Hour or Less -- Experiment 10: Why Is a Tundra Wet When It Receives Little Rain? (1 hour) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Are You Running Late? -- Grassland Biomes -- The Scientific Method -- Science Fairs -- Safety First -- A Note About Your Notebook -- Chapter 1: 30 Minutes or Less -- Experiment 1: Using Maps (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- MAP: Six Land Biomes of the World -- Experiment 2: A Climatogram of a City (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED: -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 3: Grassland and Compacted Soil (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Experiment 4: Reducing Wind Erosion (20 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- The Great Dust Storm -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 5: Seasons in a Grassland (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 6: The Drying Effect of Prairie Wind (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 7: Cowboy Hats on the Prairie (30 minutes) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Chapter 2: One Hour or Less -- Experiment 8: Settling America's Prairie: The Homestead Act and Arithmetic (1 hour) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED: -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Keep Exploring-If You Have More Time! -- Experiment 9: How Much of an Aquifer Is Water? (1 hour) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On? -- Experiment 10: A Model Wind Turbine (1 hour) -- What's the Plan? -- WHAT YOU NEED -- What You Do -- What's Going On?

This article explores the characteristics of research sites that scientists have called "natural experiments" to understand and develop usable distinctions for the social sciences between "Nature's or Society's experiments" and "natural experiments." In this analysis, natural experiments emerge as the retro-fitting by social scientists of events that have happened in the social world into the traditional forms of field or randomized trial experiments. By contrast, "Society's experiments" figure as events in the world that happen in circumstances that are already sufficiently "controlled" to be open for direct analysis without reconstruction work.

AbstractPhilosophers have debated at length the epistemological status of scientific thought experiments. I contend that the literature on this topic still lacks a common conceptual framework, a lacuna that produces radical disagreement among the participants in this debate. To remedy this problem, I suggest focusing on the distinction between the internal and the external validity of an experiment, which is also crucial for thought experiments. I then develop an account of both kinds of validity in the context of thought experiments. I show that we can naturally conceptualise internal validity in terms of games of make-believe. Then, I argue that external validity is best defined as accurate representation of a target system. Finally, I turn back to the current debate on thought experiments and show that my diarchic account provides a general framework that can be shared by the competing philosophical views, as well as a fruitful guide for their reconciliation.