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The link between Stanley Milgram's experimental study of obedience in 1963 and the explanation of the Holocaust during the Second World War has been the subject of controversy for the past five decades. Russell and Gregory (2015) offer the latest reflections on this relationship. Hannah Arendt's analysis of Eichmann centred on the image of desk murderers mindlessly processing military orders. Milgram invoked pervasive evidence of compliance to morally reprehensible commands in his experimental study of obedience. The joint Arendt–Milgram perspective has recently fallen into disrespect as a result of voluntarism evidenced in recent studies of ordinary Germans in participation in mass murder. Russell and Gregory's contribution advances an essentially Weberian explanation for the behaviour of perpetrators. Their analysis of the obedience experiments concludes that all the participants were constrained by a normative structure that led them to ignore harm to subjects as a result of the larger bureaucratic mindset that allowed Milgram's assistants, his funders and his subjects to suppress acknowledgement of injury. They argue that this recapitulates key features of the Holocaust. The recent historiography of the Holocaust points to a post-Weberian understanding of the bureaucracies at the heart of the genocide – the slave labour program in Germany and German-occupied territory, and the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front, where evidence points to a conscious and enthusiastic endorsement of the homicidal objectives of the Nazi regime.

Art opens new pathways for novel modes of engagement with feminism and the related history of theory, writing, and activism through transdisciplinary approaches. One pathway is the reflection of gender-based violence in artworks. This paper follows the traces of the patriarchal mindset and its reflections in various forms of gender-based violence in selected artworks of women artists based in or from Turkey between 1980 and 2020. This study has a specific focus on artists whose works are autobiographical, and who shift between experimental writing and visual art in their works. The resources for this study include artist interviews, artist books, Turkish art history literature that deal with the 1980–2020 period, archival material from artists, news articles, exhibition catalogues, art periodicals, as well as international literature on art writing as a feministic practice. Findings of this study indicate that art has the power of fore fronting, awareness raising, reframing, and thus transforming existing knowledge and commonly held beliefs concerning gender in a society through its various forms of expression.

Purpose This study examined the differential effects of printed advertisements with luxury and nonluxury brands on consumer brand attitude persuasion using a qualitative experimental approach.Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a qualitative experimental approach and the authors conducted two experiments over six months. In the first experiment, participants were asked to view five print advertisements related to five different luxury brands. In the second experiment, the same participants were asked to view another five print advertisements on non-luxury brands. The qualitative thematic differences for each brand were analyzed using NVivo software, employing the theoretical assumptions of Petty and Cacioppo's (1981) elaboration likelihood model (ELM).Findings In experiments 1 and 2, it was identified that brand experience, personalized brand experience, product quality, product quantity, personal image-conscious, nonpersonal image-conscious, affordability and unaffordability as the main thematic findings leading to consumer attitude persuasion.Practical implications The two main contributions are as follows: theoretically, applying a social psychology theory to the advertising industry offers an understanding of the social cognition stages of a human mindset. As a practical implication, this study's findings guide advertising agencies, marketers and salespeople regarding how to design effective print advertisements in a way that persuades consumer attitudes.Originality/value Through the theoretical assumptions of Petty and Cacioppo's (1981) ELM, this paper can be considered one of the first studies to combine social psychology and advertising to investigate the differential effects on consumer brand attitude persuasion for luxury and nonluxury brands.

Dissertation presented to confer Master Degree in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering ; This Dissertation is the result of an internship at the factory of the Group Exide Technologies located in Castanheira do Ribatejo - Portugal, the world leader in Battery Productions. The subject is in context of continuous improvement, reengineering of the process to meet green VRLA - Valve Regulator Lead Acid Battery productions. Initially, a brief description was made about the technology and productions of Lead- Acid Batteries at a normal productions. Then, started the executions of Experimental Productions related to the following case studies: 1. Replacement of expander Vanisperse A by a expander Vanisperse HT-1 used in negative paste. This research was conducted in order to find an alternative additive to replace Vanisperse A and reduce overhead cost. The development of this experimental productions was made by producing negative plates with expander Vanisperse A as normal production and other negative plates with expander Vanisperse HT-1 as an experimental productions considering the concentration of 1.8% , 2.1% and 2.3% being four samples in three types of battery, then performed chemical and electric test of both version for comparison. Conducted performance test, daily discharge, and retention for C10 cycles and C0.25. It was not possible to draw any conclusion since the values does not comply the nominal specifications. 2. Elimination of Boric Acid in GroE dry negative plates to follow the mindset of continuous improvement and reengineering of the process for green productions of GroE Cells due to environment purposes and related to article 33 of REACH. By ECHA - European Chemical Agency norms and legislations boric acid may have restriction in near future regarding the SVHC issues. Therefore to prevent it, Exide Technologies is looking forward to find another alternative additive to be used in impregnations of dry negative plates as an inhibitor of plates oxidations, thus managed to replace it by new additive the "Baysilone". In experimental productions for impregnations of plates in GroE Cells following the industrial, electrics tests. The results was outstanding regarding the performance test run on 3 batteries treated with baysilone compared to other 3 batteries treated with boric acid and consequentely, today Castanheira de Ribatejo facilities has altered the process to baysilone additive. 3. Carbon based additives in negatives plates applied in HEV-Hybrid Electric Vehicles. This OPE-Experimental Productions Order was performed along with battery experts from Exide Technologies – USA. Over one hand the pasting for normal productions was done using the facilities, making sure that the plates was meticulously selected with no empty pellets as well as the size. By another hand, the pasting for experimental productions was hand pasted using HSAG-High Surface Area Graphite, Printex, ABG and Sphere by which the plates thickness and weights has been always scrupulously checked before curing.The experimental productions was conducted with several separator in order to define the best outcome that follow the clients specifications. The batteries were sent to investigation laboratory in Exide Technologies – USA as well as to C.L.E.P.C – Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power and Source at Bulgarian Academy of Science for further tests. The performance test run in Lisbon did not meet our specifications in order to draw any conclusions.

The article illustrates the importance of business diplomacy practised by free agents, who navigated and negotiated between northern European empires for widespread commercial, legal and administrative developments. Abraham Cabiljau's career is an example from the early modern Swedish empire, which stands on the threshold of a new era. In the Swedish empire, Cabiljau was involved in several diff erent sectors, from military recruitment to the development of state accounting and administration of international trade. He represents the Swedish empire's vast economic relationships with international merchant networks operating in a broad spectrum of military and commercial arenas. Th e Swedish empire was economically dependent on the financial resources of the merchants in Amsterdam, and economic prosperity was not the sole contribution of these merchants. Th e education, knowledge and connections provided by Cabiljau greatly enhanced the administration and organisation of Sweden's international trade by importing a new legal mindset and organisational culture. In return, northern mining resources and Baltic commerce were alluring for Dutch merchants. We argue that the modelling of international organisations was an essential part of Swedish economic development. However, the first Swedish trading companies remained an experimental attempt to transplant the Dutch East India Company (VOC) model to Sweden. Individuals like Cabiljau represent key actors who ignited, taught and promoted commercial law development in Sweden, on which international commerce was later built upon, with long-lasting impacts. ; The article illustrates the importance of business diplomacy practised by free agents, who navigated and negotiated between northern European empires for widespread commercial, legal and administrative developments. Abraham Cabiljau's career is an example from the early modern Swedish empire, which stands on the threshold of a new era. In the Swedish empire, Cabiljau was involved in several different sectors, from military recruitment to the development of state accounting and administration of international trade. He represents the Swedish empire's vast economic relationships with international merchant networks operating in a broad spectrum of military and commercial arenas. The Swedish empire was economically dependent on the financial resources of the merchants in Amsterdam, and economic prosperity was not the sole contribution of these merchants. The education, knowledge and connections provided by Cabiljau greatly enhanced the administration and organisation of Sweden's international trade by importing a new legal mindset and organisational culture. In return, northern mining resources and Baltic commerce were alluring for Dutch merchants. We argue that the modelling of international organisations was an essential part of Swedish economic development. However, the first Swedish trading companies remained an experimental attempt to transplant the Dutch East India Company (VOC) model to Sweden. Individuals like Cabiljau represent key actors who ignited, taught and promoted commercial law development in Sweden, on which international commerce was later built upon, with long-lasting impacts. ; Peer reviewed

How do we make social justice the most pleasurable human experience? How can we awaken within ourselves desires that make it impossible to settle for anything less than a fulfilling life? Author and editor adrienne maree brown finds the answer in something she calls "pleasure activism," a politics of healing and happiness that explodes the dour myth that changing the world is just another form of work. Drawing on the black feminist tradition, she challenges us to rethink the ground rules of activism. Her mindset-altering essays are interwoven with conversations and insights from other feminist thinkers, including Audre Lorde, Joan Morgan, Cara Page, Sonya Renee Taylor, and Alexis Pauline Gumbs. Together they cover a wide array of subjects--from sex work to climate change, from race and gender to sex and drugs--building new narratives about how politics can feel good and how what feels good always has a complex politics of its own. Building on the success of her popular Emergent Strategy, brown launches a new series of the same name with this volume, bringing readers books that explore experimental, expansive, and innovative ways to meet the challenges that face our world today. Books that find the opportunity in every crisis!

The article illustrates the importance of business diplomacy practised by free agents, who navigated and negotiated between northern European empires for widespread commercial, legal and administrative developments. Abraham Cabiljau's career is an example from the early modern Swedish empire, which stands on the threshold of a new era. In the Swedish empire, Cabiljau was involved in several different sectors, from military recruitment to the development of state accounting and administration of international trade. He represents the Swedish empire's vast economic relationships with international merchant networks operating in a broad spectrum of military and commercial arenas. The Swedish empire was economically dependent on the financial resources of the merchants in Amsterdam, and economic prosperity was not the sole contribution of these merchants. The education, knowledge and connections provided by Cabiljau greatly enhanced the administration and organisation of Sweden's international trade by importing a new legal mindset and organisational culture. In return, northern mining resources and Baltic commerce were alluring for Dutch merchants. We argue that the modelling of international organisations was an essential part of Swedish economic development. However, the first Swedish trading companies remained an experimental attempt to transplant the Dutch East India Company (VOC) model to Sweden. Individuals like Cabiljau represent key actors who ignited, taught and promoted commercial law development in Sweden, on which international commerce was later built upon, with long-lasting impacts.

COVID-19 pandemic is fueling digital health transformation—accelerating innovations of digital health services, surveillance, and interventions, whereas hastening social contagion of deliberate infodemic. The USA and many other countries are experiencing a resurgent wave of the COVID-19 pandemic with vaccination rate slowdown, making policymaking fraught with challenges. Political leaders and scientists have publicly warned of a "pandemic of the unvaccinated," reinforcing their calls for citizens to get jabs. However, some scientists accused elites of stigmatizing the unvaccinated people and undermining the moral pillars of public health. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we first reviewed the nuances of stakeholders involved in the ongoing debates and revealed the potential consequences of divisive pronouncements to provide perspectives to reframe extensible discussions. Then, we employed the convergent cross mapping (CCM) model to reveal the uncharted knock-on effects of the contentious tsunami in a stakeholders-oriented policymaking framework, coupled with rich metadata from the GDELT project and Google Trends. Our experimental findings suggest that current news coverage may shape the mindsets of the vaccines against the unvaccinated, thereby exacerbating the risk of dualistic antagonism in algorithmically infused societies. Finally, we briefly summarized how open debates are conducive to increasing vaccination rates and bolstering the outcomes of impending policies for pandemic preparedness.

The article illustrates the importance of business diplomacy practised by free agents, who navigated and negotiated between northern European empires for widespread commercial, legal and administrative developments. Abraham Cabiljau's career is an example from the early modern Swedish empire, which stands on the threshold of a new era. In the Swedish empire, Cabiljau was involved in several different sectors, from military recruitment to the development of state accounting and administration of international trade. He represents the Swedish empire's vast economic relationships with international merchant networks operating in a broad spectrum of military and commercial arenas. The Swedish empire was economically dependent on the financial resources of the merchants in Amsterdam, and economic prosperity was not the sole contribution of these merchants. The education, knowledge and connections provided by Cabiljau greatly enhanced the administration and organisation of Sweden's international trade by importing a new legal mindset and organisational culture. In return, northern mining resources and Baltic commerce were alluring for Dutch merchants. We argue that the modelling of international organisations was an essential part of Swedish economic development. However, the first Swedish trading companies remained an experimental attempt to transplant the Dutch East India Company (VOC) model to Sweden. Individuals like Cabiljau represent key actors who ignited, taught and promoted commercial law development in Sweden, on which international commerce was later built upon, with long-lasting impacts.

The article illustrates the importance of business diplomacy practised by free agents, who navigated and negotiated between northern European empires for widespread commercial, legal and administrative developments. Abraham Cabiljau's career is an example from the early modern Swedish empire, which stands on the threshold of a new era. In the Swedish empire, Cabiljau was involved in several different sectors, from military recruitment to the development of state accounting and administration of international trade. He represents the Swedish empire's vast economic relationships with international merchant networks operating in a broad spectrum of military and commercial arenas. The Swedish empire was economically dependent on the financial resources of the merchants in Amsterdam, and economic prosperity was not the sole contribution of these merchants. The education, knowledge and connections provided by Cabiljau greatly enhanced the administration and organisation of Sweden's international trade by importing a new legal mindset and organisational culture. In return, northern mining resources and Baltic commerce were alluring for Dutch merchants. We argue that the modelling of international organisations was an essential part of Swedish economic development. However, the first Swedish trading companies remained an experimental attempt to transplant the Dutch East India Company (VOC) model to Sweden. Individuals like Cabiljau represent key actors who ignited, taught and promoted commercial law development in Sweden, on which international commerce was later built upon, with long-lasting impacts.

ABSTRACT: Experimental in form with a narrative animated by chance and the uncanny in ways that prompt incredulity, Gun Island (2019) can be read as Amitav Ghosh's endeavor to write a compelling work of fiction centered on climate change that provokes its readers into action; this is just the challenge he had posed to writers in The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (2017). There, Ghosh argued that in order to effect a change in policy and mindsets there is an urgent need to write in fresh new rhetorical modes that strategically mobilize the logic of dreams, the uncanny, and myth, rather than cold science and reason, which have failed to convey the urgency of the climate catastrophe. Ghosh argues that we have taken refuge in paranoia rather than courage and faith that climate change can indeed be reversed, else why would we be so paralyzed by a deadly fatalism in the face of seemingly apocalyptic climate change? Utopian in impulse, Gun Island presents us with new aesthetic and epistemological modes, deploying the uncanny and the magical to provoke new insights about climate change and to re-vision new alliances between the precariat—refugees, migrant workers—and the well-meaning bourgeoisie, engendered by a powerful sense of the wonder of the natural world. In effect, Gun Island gestures to new collectivities and argues for an alternative vision of multi-species eco-justice, where human exceptionalism is not the norm.

Five Soviet books have been reviewed to ascertain how target acquisition was modeled in the former Soviet Union and to determine if information is sufficient to program a comprehensive model. Authors include V.D. Glezer and K.N. Dudicin of the Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St. Petersburg. Since the books (published between 1961 and 1985) were machine-translated from the Russian, some original concepts may have not been correctly interpreted. Still, they provide an excellent overview of 30 years of vision research at the Pavlov Institute and of Russian thought on vision and the brain. The Soviet texts emphasize cognitive mechanisms of vision more than is common in U.S. military models. Mental models and the observer's mindset are considered very important. More emphasis is given to modeling recognition and identification (versus detection) than in the U.S. The result of this study is a sketchy and incomplete search and target acquisition model, unsuitable for programming at present. The reviewed books mostly provide information about vision in general, with emphasis on proposed neurophysiological and psychological processes that may explain experimental results. They obviously were not written with computer programs in mind. Extensive data collection would be required to quantify the Soviet vision concepts for use in a computer model ; U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Analysis Command, White Sands Missile Range, NM ; http://archive.org/details/sovietvisualperc00lind ; NA ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Service Design as a Transformational Driver Toward Person-Centered Care in Healthcare -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Service Design in Healthcare -- 3 Person-Centered Care -- 3.1 Background on Person-Centered Care -- 3.2 Transitioning Toward Person-Centered Care -- 3.2.1 Context -- 3.2.2 Roles -- 3.2.3 Process -- 3.2.4 Outcomes -- 4 Alignment Between Person-Centered Care and Service Design -- 4.1 Expert of One´s Own Life and a Holistic Mindset -- 4.2 Co-creation of Value -- 4.3 A Shift in Power -- 4.4 Focus on Needs Not Only Solutions -- 5 Catalyzing the Transformation to Person-Centered Care Through Service Design -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Changing the Rules of the Game in Healthcare Through Service Design -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 Service Innovation -- 2.2 Institutional Work -- 2.3 Service Design -- 3 Institutional Work in Healthcare Through Service Design -- 3.1 Creating Institutions -- 3.2 Disrupting Institutions -- 3.3 Maintaining Institutions -- 4 Characteristics of Service Design Practices and the Antecedents of Institutional Work -- 4.1 Multidisciplinary Practices and Institutional Complexity -- 4.2 Experiential Practices and Experiential Legitimacy -- 4.3 Participatory Practices and Social Position -- 4.4 Experimental Practices and Proto-institutions -- 4.5 Reflective Practices and Reflexivity -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Using Small Step Service Design Thinking to Create and Implement Services that Improve Patient Care -- 1 What Is Service Design Thinking? -- 2 Big Leap Versus Small Step Service Design -- 3 Case Study 1: Patient Appointment System -- 3.1 Improving the Patient Appointment Process as a Small Step Service Design -- 3.2 How to Build the Case for Different Stakeholders.

This chapter is based on Fonseca Braga's PhD research which looked into broadly applied design support programmes that aim at introducing design innovation into Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) with little or no design experience in Brazilian traditional industries. The need to better understand how elements at diverse levels support the conditions and influence the decision to use design (as along with its intensity of use) or to not use design, making empirical barriers and drivers to design innovation evident, represents the motivation behind this study. The research approach is inductive, exploratory and qualitative. Few barriers and drivers were new and distinguished from others in prior research focused only on the rationale used to address them by the interviewee or the lack of empirical evidence within design studies or regarding design support programmes. This analysis showed that barriers and drivers differ according to: (1) the context in which each project is embedded, including the economic and political priorities and orientation, as well as cultural aspects; (2) the way programmes and their projects are crafted, managed, implemented, and evaluated; (3) the background and mindset of key stakeholders who take part in these projects. The main contributions to the design policy field are: (1) an interpretative framework at three levels to identify barriers and drivers to design innovation, contributing to underpinning strategies in order to harness drivers and overcome barriers; and (2) a design support metamodel which aims at an experimental and participatory approach to tackling design support programmes' creation, and development.

BACKGROUND: Physical distancing contains the corona virus, but compliance with physical distancing across religious minorities in Israel has been shown to be relatively poorer than in the majority population. This study tests the power of messages as drivers of willingness to comply with physical distancing across religious minorities in Israel during the first wave of the COVID-19 from March till June 2020. METHODS: 896 Israeli Muslims, Druze, Bedouins, Jewish Orthodox, Christians, and Jewish Seculars participated in this conjoint-based experimental design. The size of the total sample and of the subgroups is consistent with the suggested size in conjoint analysis studies, particularly when aiming at stability of coefficients rather than stability of means. The dependent variable was 'willingness to comply'. Independent variables were known contributors to compliance: perceived risk, practices of physical distancing, ways to assure compliance, and the agent communicating the policy. RESULTS: A regression analysis indicated minor differences in the power of messages across groups despite dramatic cultural differences amongst them. We identified three distinct mindsets that transcend religious cultures from the responses of the study subjects to various messages and named them "pandemic observers," "obedient followers," and "sensitive interpreters." Compliance of "Pandemic Observers" (n = 306) may be improved by messages such as, "Dangerous virus spreading wildly" and "Health experts suggest what to do but the government is reactive rather than proactive" (β = 14, p < .005). Compliance of "Obedient Followers" (n = 242) may be driven by the messages "Socialize and work only from home, using the internet, e.g. zoom/Skype" and "Everyone should stay 2 m. (6 ft.) apart" (β = 16, p < .0050). Compliance of "Sensitive Interpreters" (n = 249) may be improved by messages such as, "Only people who are 60 and over are to be allowed to buy groceries during first 2 h from opening" and by using the media to publicize the ...