Itineraries, experiences and project : narratives of West-african migrants in Nouadhibou (Mauritania) ; PARCOURS, EXPÉRIENCES, PROJETS : RÉCITS DE VIE DE MIGRANTS OUEST-AFRICAINS À NOUADHIBOU (MAURITANIE)
Between 2005 and 2007, few thousands of African migrants left the West African Coast of Mauritania, particularly from the small harbour town of Nouadhibou, and accosted the Canary Islands. Nowadays, as migration politics tend towards more and more restrictions, Nouadhibou has soon become the center of an unexpected attention from media and European institutions. Nonetheless, immigration exists in Nouadhibou since the early XXth century, it is still today an attractive place for labour migration and migrants coming to Nouadhibou don't only leave to the Canary Islands. Considering that migrants are forced to stay in a place that is not their final destination, International institutions and States called this phenomenon « transit migration ». Our aim is to shed the light on the blurred and politicized concept of transit. Questioning closely the notions of itineraries, experiences and projects led us to deepen our understanding of mobility in the context of a restrictive legal and policy framework. Long-term field and ethnographic methods such as narrative biography and life histories allow us to consider the experience of mobility as a threshold. Finally we try to understand the impact of protracted motilities on the local society in Nouadhibou, a way of examining globalization dynamics impacts in local places. ; À travers les parcours, les expériences et les projets migratoires de migrants ouest-africains rencontrés à Nouadhibou en Mauritanie, cette thèse aborde les problématiques relatives à la construction des mobilités entre aspirations individuelles et réglementations nationales et internationales. Des récits de vie de migrants et des biographies migratoires permettent de reconstruire les parcours complexes des migrants arrivés à Nouadhibou et de comprendre que les expériences et les projets migratoires sont des constructions hybrides et labiles. La perspective de l'acteur, les analyses interactionnistes et le point de vue de l'autonomie sont replacés dans le contexte de l'évolution générale des politiques ...