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Contends that mobilizing populations and NGOs amid the wide variety of possible disaster contingencies requires that relief agencies and the Foreign Service community address the role of gender equity in disaster and relief programs in terms of differential power struggles, issues and needs, rights, and vulnerabilities and strengths. Risk factors underlying gender differences in the exposure and social vulnerability to disasters are outlined, along with issues that arise in the wake of disasters. Successful women-led initiatives are touched on in closing.

Recent disasters across the United States highlight the devastating effect of climate-change on individuals and households. The effects of these disasters on access to housing and housing stability are pressing issues of social equity and urban policy. How, if at all, do disasters affect rents? We find that severe floods are associated with significant increases in rents for households renting units priced at the bottom of the rent distribution, but not the middle or the top. Second, is there a relationship between federal rental assistance to affected households and any price changes in the market? We find that disaster rental assistance is not associated with changes in rents after flooding disasters. These findings raise important questions about how policy should support low-income renters after disasters, including those not directly displaced by the disaster who are facing increased rents after a disaster but unable to access federal post-disaster rental assistance.

Chapter 1 International Public Health and the Burden of Diseases -- Chapter 2 Inequity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and the Colonial History of Public Health -- Chapter 3 Health Systems -- Chapter 4 The UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- Chapter 5 Diseases Control and the Promotion of Public Health Equity -- Chapter 6 Adolescents, Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) and Equity -- Chapter 7 Globalisation, Climate Change, and Disasters -- Chapter 8 Conclusions and Notes to the Reader

TheStern Review's evaluation of environmental protection stresses low discount rates and uncertainty about environmental effects. An appropriate model for analysing this uncertainty and the associated discount rates requires sufficient risk aversion and fat‐tailed uncertainty to account for the observed equity premium. Calibrations based on Epstein–Zin preferences and existing analyses of rare macroeconomic disasters suggest that optimal environmental investment can be a significant share of GDP even with reasonable rates of time preference. Optimal environmental investment increases with risk aversion and the probability and typical size of environmental disasters, but decreases with uncertainty about policy effectiveness.

We investigate the impact of the 20 largest - in terms of insured losses - man-made or natural disasters on various insurance industry stock indices. We show via an event study that insurance sectors worldwide are quite resilient, in a market value sense, to unexpected losses to capital: our data provide evidence that equity market investors believe that insurance companies will on average be able to make losses back over the foreseeable future, i.e. that the adverse shocks to equity which have resulted from these catastrophes will be compensated by either an outward shift of the demand curve or an ability to raise premiums, or both.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Understanding Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience: A Conceptual Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptual Framework for Disaster Reduction -- 2.1 Risks Assessment and Analyses -- 2.2 Risk Management -- 2.3 Risk Communication to the Public -- 3 Disaster Scenario -- 3.1 Drivers of Disaster Risk -- 3.2 Disaster Risk Reduction: A Shared Responsibility -- 4 DRR and Sustainability -- 5 Approaches to Reduce Disaster Risk: International Strategies and Frameworks for Action -- 5.1 The Yokohama Strategy -- 5.2 The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 -- 5.3 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR) -- 6 What Is Disaster Resilience? -- 6.1 Components of Disaster Resilience -- 6.2 Resilience in the Global Development Frameworks -- 6.3 Rationale for a Resilience Approach to Disasters -- 6.4 Benefits of Disaster Resilience -- 7 Challenges for Development Policies -- 8 Criticism for Disaster Resilience -- 9 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Types, Definition and Classification of Natural Disasters and Threat Level -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Discussion: Natural Disasters -- 2.1 Definitions -- 2.2 Disaster Criteria -- 2.3 Global Occurrence of Natural Disasters in 2018 -- 2.4 Geophysical Disasters -- 2.4.1 Earthquakes -- 2.4.2 Tsunami -- 2.4.3 Volcano -- 2.4.4 Mass Movement (Dry) -- 2.5 Meteorological Hazard -- 2.6 Hydrological Disasters: Floods -- 2.6.1 Coastal Floods -- 2.6.2 Riverine Floods -- 2.7 Climatological Disasters -- 2.8 Biological Natural Disasters -- 2.8.1 COVID-19 Pandemic -- 3 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Principles Regarding Urbanisation, Disaster Risks and Resilience -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principles -- 2.1 Accessibility -- 2.2 Urban Adaptation -- 2.3 Civic Engagement -- 2.4 Equity and Inclusion.

AbstractThis article investigates how 311 systems affect distributional equity in public service delivery. Many local governments in the United States have adopted interactive 311 platforms to engage citizens in coproduction. Using a novel household‐level data set on 311 service requests and power service restoration in the City of Tallahassee, Florida, after Hurricane Michael in 2018, the authors examine possible disparities between racial minority groups and nonminorities in making power service restoration requests via 311. The article further analyzes how coproduction participation through 311 affects distributional equity in power restoration. The findings show that minority groups are more likely to utilize these smart technologies to submit requests for essential services after disasters, as they may have greater needs but less political capital to reach out to the government. Their utilization of e‐governance technologies has helped them gain more attention from the government, which narrows the equity gap in service delivery.

Front Cover -- Urban Planning for Disaster Recovery -- Urban Planning for Disaster Recovery -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - Integration and Collective Action: Studies of Urban Planning and Recovery After Disasters -- INTRODUCTION -- COPING WITH DISASTERS -- RECOVERY AS A "PHASE" -- PLANNING FOR RECOVERY -- URBAN FEATURES AND RISK REDUCTION -- PHYSICAL ASPECTS -- SOCIAL ASPECTS -- ECONOMIC ASPECTS -- ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS -- URBAN PLANNING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Urban Planning and Recovery Governance -- INTRODUCTION -- URBAN PLANNING: RECOVERY AS PROCESS -- PLANNING USING EVIDENCE -- GOVERNANCE AND RECOVERY: PLANNING WITH AND FOR OTHERS -- TOWARD GOOD DISASTER RECOVERY GOVERNANCE -- URBAN PLANNING AND THE MAIN AGENCIES IN RECOVERY -- URBAN PLANNING AND RECOVERY: POTENTIALS AND PROBLEMATICS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 3 - Equity in Recovery -- INTRODUCTION -- DISASTER EVENTS -- EQUITY -- ABILITY TO RECOVER FROM A DISASTER -- NATURE OF THE DISASTER -- PERSONAL RESOURCES -- THOSE WITH EXISTING VULNERABILITIES -- THOSE WHO ARE AT RISK OF BECOMING VULNERABLE -- SOCIETAL RESPONSES -- BROAD SOCIETY -- THE THIRD SECTOR -- COMMUNITY -- GOVERNMENT PLANNING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 - When Systems Break Down: The Role of International Aid and Humanitarian Response in Disaster Recovery -- INTRODUCTION -- HUMANITARIAN REFORM AND THE TRANSFORMATIVE AGENDA -- RECURRING THEMES AND CHALLENGES IN COORDINATING DISASTER RESPONSE -- RELATIONSHIPS WITH GOVERNMENT -- ENGAGEMENT WITH LOCAL CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR -- PROTECTION, GENDER, AND DISABILITY INCLUSION -- HOUSING, LAND, AND PROPERTY -- CASH AND SHELTER -- ACCOUNTABILITY TO AFFECTED POPULATIONS -- TRANSITION TO RECOVERY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES

The present study draws on disaster impact scholarship, vulnerability theory, and panel data from 1029 counties over 10-year periods across the U.S., and random effects regressions with time effect dummies to examine the effects of the extent of disaster damage, disaster declaration, and jurisdictional vulnerability on local tax revenues. The study finds that disaster declaration, the extent of disaster damage, and jurisdictional vulnerability factors have additive effects on total local tax, property tax, and sales tax revenues. However, disasters do not affect the level of local dependence on property tax and sales tax. The study implications for policymaking include the advancement of community resilience through policies that improve fiscal planning systems, capital investments on infrastructure, and development of human capital (education), and employment opportunities to ameliorate the adverse effects of disasters on local tax revenues and contribute to social equity programs.