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Disaster risk and losses have been steadily rising in the past decades, highlighting the need to learn from past events. Only a better understanding of the fundamental causes of natural disasters and its impacts on societies can lead to an effective prevention and reduction of disaster risk. In this context, disaster forensics focuses on the analysis and interaction of risk factors (i.e. hazard, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity) and the identification of underlying risk drivers, in order to tackle them through dedicated action. Results from forensic analysis are twofold: On the one hand, context-specific knowledge to decide on appropriate and evidence-based Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures to mitigate current risk and prevent future one. On the other hand, more generalizable knowledge and evidence on how disaster risk is generated and on the effectiveness of applied DRR measures. In this work, we explore results of disaster forensics through a case study of subsequent floods in 2002 and 2013 in the city of Grimma, Saxony, in Germany. Risk factors are investigated to identify their contribution in increasing or reducing disaster damage, in conjunction with socio-economic impacts on age structure and migration in the mostly affected inner city of Grimma. In particular, we analyse: (i) How much the sequential application of disaster forensics contributes to a better understanding of risk and the identification of the causes of disasters impacts; and (ii) what data are required for performing a disaster forensic analysis.

<p>Scholars and practitioners are increasingly questioning formal disaster governance (FDG) approaches as being too rigid, slow, and command-and-control driven. Too often, local realities and non-formal influences are sidelined or ignored to the extent that disaster governance can be harmed through the efforts to impose formal and/or political structures. A contrasting narrative emphasises so-called bottom-up, local, and/or participatory approaches which this article proposes to encapsulate as Informal Disaster Governance (IDG). This article theorises IDG and situates it within the long-standing albeit limited literature on the topic, paying particular attention to the literature's failure to properly define informal disaster risk reduction and response efforts, to conceptualise their far-reaching extent and consequences, and to consider their 'dark sides.' By presenting IDG as a framework, this article restores the conceptual importance and balance of IDG vis-à-vis FDG, paving the way for a better understanding of the 'complete' picture of disaster governance. This framework is then considered in a location where IDG might be expected to be more powerful or obvious, namely in a smaller, more isolated, and tightly knit community, characteristics which are stereotypically used to describe island locations. Thus, Svalbard in the Arctic has been chosen as a case study, including its handling of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, to explore the merits and challenges with shifting the politics of disaster governance towards IDG.</p>

Argues that public fertility control policies in developing countries restrict individual liberties; advocates instead promoting increased wealth and voluntary family planning through free trade with more developed nations.

"September 15, 1998." ; Cancels AC 00-7C and AC 00-32A. ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"April 14, 1995." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Chapter 1. Systemic Risk and Mitigating Economic Disasters In the Arctic: Cases of Oil Spills, Cruise Ships and Pandemics -- Chapter 2. Assessing Loss and Damage of Low Exposed Sudden Onset Disasters: Evidence from the Marginal Salt Cultivators of Kutubdia Island, Bangladesh -- Chapter 3. Disaster Economic Vulnerability and Recovery Programs Experience from Tanzania -- Chapter 4. Gendered Economic Vulnerabilities in Disaster Environments the case of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- Chapter 5. Economic Growth and Hazard Risk Reduction -- Chapter 6. Resilience in Disaster Relief and Recovery Programs at the Person-Environment Nexus -- Chapter 7. Improving Resilience Capacity of the Policies and Planning for Temporary Shelters in Crises and Disasters -- Chapter 8. Evaluating risk from disasters to improve resilience Lessons from Nigeria and South Africa -- Chapter 9. Perspectives for collaborative disaster risk reduction experience report from the Brazilian Disaster Knowledge Platform -- Chapter 10. Development of an Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Assessment -- Chapter 11. Use of Typha Latifolia as a Tool for Biomonitoring of Hazardous Domestic Effluents -- Chapter 12. Arsenic Control for Hazard Risk Reduction -- Chapter 13. A Climate Adaptation Monitoring Tool for Sustainable Marine Planning -- Chapter 14. Urban Rivers Resilience -- Chapter 15. A Risk-Based Approach to Development Planning -- Chapter 16. Unveiling the Latent Disasters from a Holistic and Probabilistic View Development of a National Risk Atlas.

Introduction -- Recognition of Earthquake-Prone Areas for Seismic Hazard Evaluation -- Resilience to volcano- and landslide-related hazards -- Towards Natech Resilient Industries -- Resilience and electricity -- Disaster risk and a household's dynamic asset-formation behavior: Jump control model of household -- Exploring drought resilience through a drought risk management lens in Austria -- Social Psychological Perspectives on Preparedness Theory and Practice: Facilitating Resilience -- Measuring and building community disaster resilience: essential for achieving Sendai -- Building the Evidence Base to Achieve the Sendai Framework for DRR Goals -- Fiscal resilience and building back better: A global analysis for disaster risk reduction strategies -- Discussion and Outlook for the Future. .

The influence of private actors, such as non-profit organizations (NPOs) and firms, has been increasing in disaster governance. Previous literature has interrogated the responsibilities of states towards citizens in disasters, but the roles of private actors have been insufficiently challenged. The article politicizes the entangled relations between NPOs, states, and disaster-affected people. It proposes the Rawlsian division of moral labor as a useful, normative framework for interrogating the justice of disaster governance arrangements in which 'liberal' states are involved. Liberal states have two types of responsibilities in disasters: humanitarian and political. The humanitarian responsibilities imply provision of basic resources needed for the capacity to make autonomous choices (domestically and abroad), while the political responsibilities imply provision of the institutions needed for the liberal democratic citizenship (domestically). Through this analytical lens and building on the wealth of existing scholarship, we illustrate the disaster governance role of the American Red Cross in the United States (a 2005 hurricane) and in Haiti (the 2010 earthquake). Where, in Rawlsian terms, United States is interpreted as a 'liberal' society, Haiti is framed as a 'burdened' society. The article proposes five points to consider in analyzing disaster governance arrangements under neoliberal regimes, structured around the division of humanitarian and political responsibilities. The article illustrates how NPOS are instrumental in blurring the boundaries between humanitarian and political responsibilities. This might result ultimately in actual vulnerabilities remaining unaddressed. While the Rawlsian approach challenges the privatization and lack of coordination in disaster governance, it is limited in analyzing the political construction of 'burdened' societies.