Suchergebnisse

In Europe, the trend towards greater life expectancy, often in good health, is primarily due to the unprecedented peace we have known for 60 years, the constant improvement in living conditions and the progress in medicine enabling us to live longer. This success partly explains the demographic perspective facing Europe of an ageing population with rising old age dependency ratios. Initially, discussion around this ageing trend concentrated on the sustainability of social security, pensions and health policies. However, it is increasingly recognized that an ageing population will require the adaptation of practically all major public policies, including education, employment and social affairs, transport, public services and infrastructures and urban planning, to address ageing and exploit the opportunities it presents. ; peer-reviewed

In this paper, we investigate two fiscal policy options to mitigate fiscal pressure arising from ageing of the Australian population: pension cuts or tax hikes. Using a computable overlapping generations model, we find that while both policy options achieve the same fiscal goal, the macroeconomic and welfare outcomes differ significantly. Future generations prefer pension cuts, whereas current generations prefer tax hikes to finance government spending commitments. Interestingly, taxing consumption or income results in opposing macroeconomic and welfare effects. Increases in the consumption tax rate have positive effects on labour supply, domestic assets and output (similar to pension cuts), but reduce the welfare of low income households most. Conversely, increases in progressive income or payroll taxes have negative effects on the economy but reduce the welfare of low income households least. Our results highlight the intra- and inter-generational conflicts of interest and political constraints when implementing any structural fiscal reforms.

Examines fertility decline in the European Union, which is seen as a global demographic trendsetter. The socioeconomic impact of EU population aging is discussed, & an adaptive policy agenda encompassing the areas of education, work, & family is considered; a fertility map informs a look at devising a modern European family policy. D. Edelman

The result of our study shows that educational leadership and management, from time to time, experiences new and unexpected demographic challenges which include wanton violence, migration, and disproportionate rise in student population, regional wars and kidnapping. Such situations affect leadership and the management of education with regard to enrolment of students, their attendance and retention. The study was a survey and used as cohort all the 90 post primary schools in the seven Local Government Councils in Plateau State. Two instruments; a questionnaire and the attendance registers were used for the study. Against the background provided by the findings a number of recommendations were made to achieve equitable management in such situations. The result strongly recommends for leadership a democratic, visionary leader actively involved and committed to change based on collective agreement, belief and values of everyone concerned with quality education. DOI:10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n1p39

If we want to understand the deeper truth, or intend to interpret phenomena
through the perception of a specific population, a more holistic perspective
might be necessary. By applying foresight exercise, some new patterns might
be discovered and shifts in study aspects inhibited. Such an approach intends
to give meaning to future perceptions, expectations and fears of experts,
decision makers and civilians. Its activities are designed to address
critical questions, which might significantly shape the future of a country
in the coming years. Foresight exercise reinforces thinking about what future
steps should be taken, if a specific scenario becomes reality. Personal life
stories based on binary opposition of the futures of a country can be used to
unambiguously show the policy makers all the relevant implications that
different futures might have regarding fertility, migration, population
ageing, human capital and labour market in Serbia in the forthcoming period.
Furthermore, it seems that such foresight exercise, as a qualitative
approach, can provide additional insight into quantitative methods of
forecasting demographic future of a country.

Demography shapes the society -- China's economy and aging society -- China's social service programs -- An aging China in a global economy