Suchergebnisse

Cross-cultural adaptation is a challenging process while sojourning abroad. The inability to understand cultural variation triggers psychological, physical or behavioral difficulties and maladjustment or misunderstanding. Socio-ecocultural underestimation is the root of intercultural resistance, stereotyping, ethnocentrism and racist sentiments among sojourners. Most of the cross-cultural adjustment studies have quantitatively demonstrated factors and predictors of adaptation success. However, the specific forms of cultural variation that impacted sojourning adaptability is blindly explained. Hence, this phenomenological paper autoethnographically observed the socio-ecocultural environment while sojourning in New Zealand. The findings highlighted that cultural awareness and sensitivity assist sojourner's cross-cultural adaptability due to the socio-ecocultural variation.

AbstractThe long‐term settlement of Afghan immigrants in Iran, along with their high fertility, has produced an important shift in the composition of their population with the emergence of a "second generation". This article aims to examine how second‐generation Afghans have adapted to the host society and to what extent their adaptation patterns have correlated with demographic and contextual factors. The data is drawn from the 2010 Afghans Adaptation Survey which covered 520 second‐generation Afghans.Results revealed that second‐generation Afghans have a variety of adaptation patterns. Integration is the most prevalent pattern of adaptation and acculturation (which is observed among 35.8 per cent of respondents) followed by separation (33.3%), assimilation (17.1%) and marginalization (13.8%). Our multivariate analysis showed that such socio‐demographic factors as gender, education, ethnicity, perceived discrimination, family context, neighbourhood characteristics, length and city of residence are associated with their adaptation patterns.Policy Implications


Successful implementation of policies and durable solutions for Afghans in Iran rests on the diversity of the adaptation patterns of their second‐generation.

Restriction on employment opportunities has led to downward assimilation and marginalization of some of the Afghans in Iran. Improvement in labour laws would promote the integration of Afghans in the society.

Afghan females have relatively better access to a gender‐equitable environment in Iran than they do in Afghanistan, and are less willing to return to their homeland. The Government of Afghanistan should improve service and security provisions for women to ensure their voluntary repatriation.

This is my story of how I, a teacher in an Australian university, and twelve students from Timor Leste negotiated cultural difference and gained a deeper understanding of ourselves and each other - and the lesson the story has for researchers. Using autoethnography and structured vignette analysis, I show how each of us evolved coping strategies to deal with our different cultural expectations, and in the process experienced enlightenment and personal transformation. Phenomenology and in particular autoethnography are well suited not only to understanding the interaction between researcher and the researched, but also the role that researcher self-awareness plays in the process of cultural adaptation. To gain perspective on the student experience, I undertook a case study by conducting a focus group and individual interviews. For the students, learning how to exist in Australian culture became the hidden curriculum. For me, understanding the impact of the cultural distance between teacher and students became imperative as the tension between their wellbeing and my own gathered momentum. This demonstrates how the initially separate cultural journeys of researchers and researched can come together as a shared journey of increasing self-understanding and personal growth.

Cultural & societal conflicts linked to the process of migration are examined. Level of education is proposed as the greatest determinant of sociocultural adaptation, & more attention to teaching proficiency in the host country language is needed to enable full use of an immigrant's previous training & experience. Ethnically homogeneous social networks existing after migration are also explored; while preservation of minority subcultures is important, a powerful network tends to retard occupational mobility & acculturation. Global economic crises also aggravate immigrant acculturation problems, through increased hostility of the indigenous population resulting from job competition & cutbacks of governmental programs designed to help the underprivileged. Social & educational policies aimed at countering discrimination are the primary goals to be met by agencies concerned with immigration. 28 References. R. McCarthy.

The current study investigated the psychometric proprieties of the Romanian form of the Preschool Anxiety Scale—Parent version (PAS). The sample consisted of 514 Romanian children (266 boys and 249 girls) aged 3 to 6 years. The mothers of these children completed the PAS and the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire—Mother Form (PSDQ), and the children's teachers completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, Teacher Rating Scale (BASC-2 TRS). Results reveal that the PAS has satisfactory psychometric proprieties on the Romanian sample: it shows a good reliability and a good fit of the data with the underlying correlated five-factor structural model. The construct validity of the Romanian form of the PAS was supported by a significant relationship between the PAS total anxiety score and various BASC-2 (anxiety, withdrawal behavior, atypical behavior, learning problems, adaptability, social skills, learning skills, and leadership), and PSDQ (authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative parenting style) scales. Age had a significant effect on the generalized anxiety, physical injury fears and separation anxiety scales, and girls scored significantly higher than boys on the total anxiety score and the physical injury fears scale.

The paper analyzes Uzbek cultural adaptation process. The relevance of the work is based on the fact that the extent of migration processes in modern society and social change in the economic, political, social and cultural life of the country requires special attention to many-sided investigations of immigrants adaptation and integration. The propose of study is to reveal cultural adaptation of Uzbeks in Lithuania. The main goals are to examine theoretical cultural adaptation literature background on adaptation process and indices that may cause difficulties in adaptation; reveal adaptation strategies and investigate the factors and circumstances that predict adaptation; mark out Uzbekistan and Lithuania cultural differences; analyze cultural adaptation process of Uzbeks in Lithuania, adaptation factors and acculturation attitudes towards adaptation. This study hypothesized that Uzbeks in Lithuania tend to choose separation strategy due to large perceived cultural distance. Cultural distance is associated with strong cultural shock that can be overcome by gaining family ethnic community support. High education negatively related to separation and marginalization strategies choose. Methods of conducting a research were interview and questionnaire. An interview questionnaire to measure adaptation and adaptation attitudes was developed for the study, derived from the literature on cultural adaptation and culture shock. This research is based on the work of J.W. Berry, R.Y. Bourhis, Y. Kim, P. Adler. on general immigrant adaptation attitudes. It is conducted that cultural adaptation "honeymoon" stage is very short. Moreover, Uzbeks do not feel strong "culture shock" in Lithuania, because of unawareness of Lithuanian and Uzbekistan Cultural Differences; knowledge and interest in Lithuanian country before moving in; having been to Lithuania previously; having communication with the Lithuanian experience in Uzbekistan. The Results show that the general Uzbek adaptation attitude is one of integration, however, the strategies adopted and the attitudes preferred vary depending on the areas of acculturation considered. Immigrants moderately endorse separatism and weakly endorse assimilation and marginalization. The analysis of gender differences showed that women tend to choose integration strategy. Men prefer separation strategy. The main source of social support during adaptation is family and relatives in Lithuania. Furthermore, ethnic community is not considered to be a strong source of social support. Results indicate that successful adaptation and integration is facilitated by high Uzbeks education.

The paper analyzes Uzbek cultural adaptation process. The relevance of the work is based on the fact that the extent of migration processes in modern society and social change in the economic, political, social and cultural life of the country requires special attention to many-sided investigations of immigrants adaptation and integration. The propose of study is to reveal cultural adaptation of Uzbeks in Lithuania. The main goals are to examine theoretical cultural adaptation literature background on adaptation process and indices that may cause difficulties in adaptation; reveal adaptation strategies and investigate the factors and circumstances that predict adaptation; mark out Uzbekistan and Lithuania cultural differences; analyze cultural adaptation process of Uzbeks in Lithuania, adaptation factors and acculturation attitudes towards adaptation. This study hypothesized that Uzbeks in Lithuania tend to choose separation strategy due to large perceived cultural distance. Cultural distance is associated with strong cultural shock that can be overcome by gaining family ethnic community support. High education negatively related to separation and marginalization strategies choose. Methods of conducting a research were interview and questionnaire. An interview questionnaire to measure adaptation and adaptation attitudes was developed for the study, derived from the literature on cultural adaptation and culture shock. This research is based on the work of J.W. Berry, R.Y. Bourhis, Y. Kim, P. Adler. on general immigrant adaptation attitudes. It is conducted that cultural adaptation "honeymoon" stage is very short. Moreover, Uzbeks do not feel strong "culture shock" in Lithuania, because of unawareness of Lithuanian and Uzbekistan Cultural Differences; knowledge and interest in Lithuanian country before moving in; having been to Lithuania previously; having communication with the Lithuanian experience in Uzbekistan. The Results show that the general Uzbek adaptation attitude is one of integration, however, the strategies adopted and the attitudes preferred vary depending on the areas of acculturation considered. Immigrants moderately endorse separatism and weakly endorse assimilation and marginalization. The analysis of gender differences showed that women tend to choose integration strategy. Men prefer separation strategy. The main source of social support during adaptation is family and relatives in Lithuania. Furthermore, ethnic community is not considered to be a strong source of social support. Results indicate that successful adaptation and integration is facilitated by high Uzbeks education.

The author identifies trends and variations of the socio-cultural identity and integration of Russians in Latvia. According to the author, since the middle 1990s, two trends have been recognized - first, the 'ingrowing' of ethnic Russians into the life of independent Latvia, and second, forming their new identity. The article presents a number of factors hampering the integration of ethnic Russians into Latvian society. Variations and options of socio-cultural identity and integration (or assimilation) of the Russian population of Latvia are shown.

Although planning researchers and practitioners may see planning theory as interesting, its utility for addressing 'real' planning practice remains moot. A model is proposed that draws on Bourdieu's concept of habitus that collapses both the agency/structure problematic and the theory/practice divide. This model draws on the socio-developmentalism of Vygotsky and the philosophical insights of Wittgenstein that are brought together to understand innovation for sustainability in a master-planned community. This is not a one-to-one borrowing of theory from another discipline to shed light on planning processes, but a response to a particular planning problem that draws on multiple conceptual frameworks. The propositions of the model include, first, that practices are embodied social structures that aconsciously define 'the way things are done around here'; second, that existing practices prime our responses to change; and third, that agency is a bid to either extend or defend one's practices. The implications for planning professionals and researchers are discussed.