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Abstract: This study is a research that has been studied as a single mom in Chiang Mai. By example, five single mom persons. The purpose of this research is to study and understand the birth and the role network of single-party families occurring in Chiang Mai. The implementation of a single group of groups on various issues and trends in the possibility of networks and contributing factors to sustain the operation. It focuses on the study of the needs of single mom and a reduction in gender inequality, by the outcome of the study, pointing out the experience of being branded and getting limited assistance from the government, especially the lack of responsibility father of children. While Chiang Mai tends to increase the number of a single mom. From the statistics of divorce rate increased marriage. Organizations that work concerning a single group of mom groups, such as the "Family Network Foundation" have expanded the scope of assistance. Support a single mom group in Chiang Mai, in the manner of the network in which this research article is written to indicate the birth and the role network of a single party family that occurs in Chiang Mai. The implementation of a single group on various issues and trends in the possibility of the network, as well as factors to support sustainable operations.

This study is a research that has been studied as a single mom in Chiang Mai. By example, five single mom persons. The purpose of this research is to study and understand the birth and the role network of singleparty families occurring in Chiang Mai. The implementation of a single group of groups on various issues and trends in the possibility of networks and contributing factors to sustain the operation. It focuses on the study of the needs single mom and a reduction in gender inequality, by the outcome of the study, pointing out the experience of being branded and getting limited assistance from the government, especially the lack of responsibility father of children. While Chiang Mai tends to increase the number of a single mom. From the statistics of divorce rate increased marriage. Organizations that work concerning a single group of mom groups, such as the "Family Network Foundation" have expanded the scope of assistance. Support a single mom group in Chiang Mai, in the manner of the network in which this research article is written to indicate the birth and the role network of a single party family that occurs in Chiang Mai. The implementation of a single group on various issues and trends in the possibility of the network, as well as factors to support sustainable operations.

Our research challenges the limitations of extant knowledge of social formation by its focus on the ordinary, everyday lived reality of maintaining community and on identifying its operations from the internal perspective of civil society. We aim to explore the actual mobilising processes and structures that underpin the formation of social capital in the community. We examine how networks emerge and operate.

AbstractOnline community networks can help organizations improve collaboration. However, in spite of their potential value, there has been little empirical research into two important network factors that determine their success: social characteristics of users and changes in operations that result from network evolution. Our research addresses these deficiencies by using a cultural framework. Derived from anthropology, it extends previous system dynamics research on online community networks. The framework acts as a lens, enabling a better understanding of the effects that changes in these factors bring to online community networks. Using data collected from Wikipedia for model calibration, our findings suggest that, contrary to conventional wisdom, removing policies that focus on building group commitment does not lower performance. The results also show that online networks need structural control, otherwise their attractiveness, credibility and, subsequently, content value might all decrease. To ensure sustainability the network must be monitored, especially during the early stages of its evolution, so that rules and regulations that ensure value and validity can be selectively employed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Most of the participants in the network community passively absorb information in the form of characters included in the communication codes. Which in turn are formed on the basis of values worldviews, ideas and ideals. Distribution and perception of information more effective, closer communication code communication community codes. This leads to a positive perception of the (support) posts supporters and opponents of the condemnation of the ideas promoted. The article deals with the creation of modern technologies in political communication strategy of propaganda.

International audience ; The paper begins by sketching out a short history of telecom policy, pointing to the prejudicial consequences of centralization from a political perspective, as incumbent ISPs turn into network gatekeepers, fostering their commercial interests by exerting greater control over users' communications. Based on our fieldwork and qualitative interviews, the paper then moves on to describing WCN, presenting the main characteristics of these grassroots attempts at bringing about a "subversive rationalization" of the last-mile network infrastructure. This second section outlines the motivations underlying the deployment of WCN, together with their technical features and innovative, commons-based models of governance, which all strongly contrast with the dominant, commercial model for Internet access provision. The third and last section assesses the impact of WCN on telecom regulation and the new power dynamics it entails, with regard to both the private sector and the public sector. The paper concludes that current telecom regulation significantly overlooks the contribution of community networks to fostering political and socio-economic objectives associated with broadband policy and proposes a number of policy recommendations to overcome this gap.

International audience ; The paper begins by sketching out a short history of telecom policy, pointing to the prejudicial consequences of centralization from a political perspective, as incumbent ISPs turn into network gatekeepers, fostering their commercial interests by exerting greater control over users' communications. Based on our fieldwork and qualitative interviews, the paper then moves on to describing WCN, presenting the main characteristics of these grassroots attempts at bringing about a "subversive rationalization" of the last-mile network infrastructure. This second section outlines the motivations underlying the deployment of WCN, together with their technical features and innovative, commons-based models of governance, which all strongly contrast with the dominant, commercial model for Internet access provision. The third and last section assesses the impact of WCN on telecom regulation and the new power dynamics it entails, with regard to both the private sector and the public sector. The paper concludes that current telecom regulation significantly overlooks the contribution of community networks to fostering political and socio-economic objectives associated with broadband policy and proposes a number of policy recommendations to overcome this gap.

This paper aims to show some cases of creative communities based on collaborative services as a way to promote sustainable development. This scenario (creative communities and their services) offers design a different approach and a new opportunity to develop and enhance a sustainable future. The transition from the industrial age to the age of knowledge brings about diverse changes in the way we live. The collapse of the Welfare state and the globalisation have created new problems and, thus, new needs (Beck, 1999; Giddens, 1999; McLaughlin and Davidson, 1990). The urgency in finding new solutions to the problems arisen by this new world is bolstering a phenomenon of rebirth of the idea of alternative or intentional communities (McLaughlin & Davidson, 1985), that can be defined as "user-driven communities of innovation" or "creative communities". These communities have at their core the participation and the democratisation of innovation, meaning that innovation in products or services is no longer the remit of established organizations (Leadbeater , 2006). These changes give us an opportunity to reinforce these type of behaviours through the design discipline. The role of design and designers is changing. As users get involved with designers in the creation of products and services (Leadbeater , 2006), new territories for the discipline are opened. It is possible that from now on design will be a co-participatory activity in which users become part of the entire project, not only as references or recipients but as real resources that shape the all project. Throughout this paper we will envisage to highlight the potential of collaboration between design and creative communities as a way to create social cohesion, environmental sustainable development and reinforcement of local economies. In order to do so, a number of cases that are being developed in some European cities will be presented. The structural differences between them will be demonstrated. These differences arising mainly from the fact that some ...

Although there is an expansive literature on the assimilation and transnational experiences of middle-aged immigrants and their second-generation children, little work examines the experiences of immigrant elderly, particularly Asian Americans. Existing scholarship on segmented assimilation has generally assumed that elderly immigrant experiences continue the trajectories of middle age. Drawing on in-depth interviews with elderly Filipino American immigrants, the author finds a shift from the white middle-class mainstream path to an ethnic networks path of incorporation. Although middle-class immigrants may exhibit patterns and living situations similar to native whites throughout most of their lives, their experiences as racialized Americans may prompt desires to reconnect with ethnic networks in later life. This pattern, in which groups that have ostensibly assimilated throughout their life course recreate ethnic communities near the end of it, is rendered visible through a framework the author terms life course assimilation, which emphasizes the need to study assimilation processes at all life stages.