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The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined in the Treaty of Rome and implemented since 1962, has always been under reform, mainly in 1992, 1999, 2003 and 2009. However, after the last enlargements and the international financial crisis, a new reform was needed for the budget period going from 2014 to 2020. The first ideas were launched by the EU Commissionner for Agriculture, M. Dacian Ciolos, in 2010. After three years of discussions, the political agreement between the Council of Ministers, the EU Parliament and the Commission was reached in June 2013. So, this paper presents the main decisions of this agreement. ; Peer reviewed

The authors are specific attention to the development of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. The Common Agricultural Policy is viewed from the sixties of the twentieth century. It starts from Mansholt plan continues with expansions in 1973, 1981 and in 1986 years to finally come to the first reform of the CAP advocated by the then Commissioner for Agriculture MacSharry. The reform was carried out according to the proposal MacSharry only increase the cost of the CAP and has led to new reforms contained in the Agenda 2000th. During the 2003rd and the 2006th year has come again to reform the CAP. The very need for such frequent reforms, especially in the last twenty years lets us know that the importance of the CAP in the agricultural development of the European Union's big. It could be said that there was no CAP there would be no EU. Almost all agricultural activities in the EU are covered by the CAP. Subsidies are an essential tool for CAP. The Common Agricultural Policy could hardly function without import restrictions and export subsidies, various supplements and restrictions.

Originally published in 1981, at a time when the EEC's Common Agricultural Policy had remained largely unchanged, this book examines the criticisms of the CAP and analyses the pressures emanating from the budget and the various options which were available for tackling them. It then outlines the approaches that individual member states and others were likely to adopt, and assesses whether the need for action on the budget will be used as an opportunity to revise the CAP.

The largest share of policy and money within the European Union goes to agriculture. The Union's Common Agricultural Policy has undergone several transformations in the last five decades, with the main change taking place in the 1990s. This change influenced agriculture in the Czech Republic, inasmuch as the fledgling republic was preparing to join the European Union and adopt its policies. In the 1990s, Czech agriculture passed from a centrally planned economy to a market economy and subsequently adopted the terms of the Common Agricultural Policy. The Czech Republic is also characterized by a significant diversification of landscape sphere. Agricultural entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic are still not accustomed to the possibility of grants from the European Union. They focus rather on national or regional subsidies. Only half of all agricultural entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic use European subsidies. This article focuses on the introduction of the Common Agricultural Policy to the Czech Republic and its subsequent influence on Czech agriculture. It is demonstrated through the implementation rate of the CAP in the EU Member States and a closer focus on Czech integration.

Suppose we were in 2028: what would the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) look like then? Would it be significantly different from the policy we know today? How, and why? And to what extent would Brexit have catalyzed these changes? The CAP is one of the founding policies of the EU and a strategic lever to address critical 21st century challenges such as climate change and the rising demand for food at the global level. It also has an important role in Europe to address the growing urban-rural divide and its potentially destabilizing impact on European politics. In this article, we examine the impact of Brexit from a political-economic perspective emphasizing the multi-level context within which the CAP is embedded. As an EU member state, the UK found a way to partly accommodate the CAP to its needs even though this policy was a source of intense UK dissatisfaction with the EU. Post-Brexit, the budgetary and market implications of the UK's departure may favour positions that support a return to a more traditional policy of farm income support. On the other hand, more radical farm policies in England and Wales could partly offset these effects by setting the agenda for continued CAP reform, if they are seen to be successful.

For decades, the EU has been devoting increased attention to the environment in its CAP. While the CAP objectives enshrined in the Treaties since the 1950s do not include the environment (and instead concern agricultural market stability, productivity, security of the food supply, and a fair living standard for farmers), since 1992, environmental protection has been a mandatory element in all policies.

In October 2011 the European Commission presented a set of legal proposals designed to make the Common Agricultural Policy more effective. Pending a debate in the European Parliament and the Council, approval is expected by the end of 2013. This Forum aims to identify the proposals' shortcomings and to offer suggestions for improvement which the Parliament and Council can work to implement. The authors pay particular attention to the future of direct payments, CAP greening and rural development, as well as to the change in the decision-making rules which grants the Parliament more authority over the process.

The future of this common agricultural policy, as well as that of the European Economic Community itself, however, has been made somewhat uncertain by France's decree, on July 1, 1965, of a "temporary boycott" of the meetings of the Council of Ministers of the Community due to a failure to agree upon the method of financing the Community's agricultural policy. This boycott may well have "triggered the most serious crisis in the bloc's seven year history," because the dispute is thought by some to be a mere symptom of a more fundamental conflict between France and her Common Market partners. The issue in that conflict is whether the Common Market is to become an integrated entity of member nations, or is rather to be only a loosely-knit organization of states as envisioned by French President De Gaulle. Because the integration of planned agricultural economies requires a greater degree of supranationalism than does the integration of freemarket industrial economies, it is natural that the political differences between De Gaulle and his partners should clash most vividly in the execution of the common agricultural policy. The purpose of this article is to review this common agricultural policy and its implementation. Apart from considerations of European unity, the common agricultural policy is of significance to exporters of American agricultural products. The value of annual exports of these products amounts to about five billion dollars, of which one and three-tenths billion dollars has been sold to Common Market countries alone. The common agricultural policy should also concern legal scholars because it is probably the most highly developed form of "supranational" law and institutional regulation in the world.'"