Suchergebnisse

Bo Wang,1,* Peng Li,1,* Lei Shangguan,2,* Jun Ma,3,* Kezheng Mao,4 Quan Zhang,5 Yiguo Wang,6 Zhongyang Liu,1,2 Keya Mao1 1Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; 3Department of Orthopedics Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China; 4Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China; 5Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300121, China; 6Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Failed back surgery syndrome is a situation where there is failure after lumbar surgery aimed at correcting lumbar disease that is characterized by continuous back and/or leg pain. Epidural fibrosis and adhesions are among the major causes of failed back surgery syndrome. In recent years, several biomaterials have been applied as barriers or deterrents to prevent the compression of neural structures by postsurgical fibrosis. Methods: In this study, a new bacterial cellulose (BC) anti-adhesion membrane, composed of exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, was developed. Its structure and morphology, water content, thickness, and mechanical properties of elasticity were analyzed and characterized. The degradation of the BC+exosomes (BC+Exos) membrane in vitro was evaluated, and its in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility were tested. The prevention effect of BC+Exos membrane on epidural fibrosis post-laminectomy in a rabbit model was investigated. Results: The BC+Exos membrane showed a three-dimensional network structure constituted of high-purity cellulose and moderate mechanical properties. No degeneration was observed. The BC+Exos membrane showed no cytotoxicity and displayed biocompatibility in vivo. The BC+Exos film was able to inhibit epidural fibrosis and peridural adhesions. Conclusion: Based on the current findings, the BC+Exos membrane is a promising material to prevent postoperative epidural fibrosis and adhesion. Keywords: failed back surgery syndrome, epidural fibrosis, adhesion, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, exosome, bacterial cellulose

We explored the role of the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Mice lacking Fh1 in pancreatic beta cells (Fh1 beta KO mice) appear normal for 6-8 weeks but then develop progressive glucose intolerance and diabetes. Glucose tolerance is rescued by expression of mitochondrial or cytosolic FH but not by deletion of Hif1 alpha or Nrf2. Progressive hyperglycemia in Fh1bKO mice led to dysregulated metabolism in b cells, a decrease in glucose-induced ATP production, electrical activity, cytoplasmic [Ca2+](i) elevation, and GSIS. Fh1 loss resulted in elevated intracellular fumarate, promoting succination of critical cysteines in GAPDH, GMPR, and PARK 7/DJ-1 and cytoplasmic acidification. Intracellular fumarate levels were increased in islets exposed to high glucose and in islets from human donors with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The impaired GSIS in islets from diabetic Fh1bKO mice was ameliorated after culture under normoglycemic conditions. These studies highlight the role of FH and dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism in T2D. ; Wellcome Trust ; Yamagata Prefectural Government ; City of Tsuruoka ; Swedish Research Council ; Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse ; FAPESP ; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology ; Royal Society/Wolfson merit award ; ERC ; Diabetes UK ; Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Radcliffe Dept Med, OCDEM, Oxford OX3 7LE, England ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Henry Wellcome Bldg Mol Physiol, Oxford OX3 7BN, England ; Univ Oxford, NDMRB, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Jenner Inst, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Ramon & Cajal Hosp, Inst Ramon & Cajal Invest Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain ; Queen Mary Univ London, Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, Blizard Inst, Ctr Genom & Child Hlth, London E1 2AT, England ; Lund Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Anal & Synth, Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden ; Keio Univ, Inst Adv Biosci, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 9970052, Japan ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Target Discovery Inst, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England ; Univ Complutense Madrid, Sch Med, Biochem Dept, E-28040 Madrid, Spain ; Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Diabet Ctr,Unit Mol Metab, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden ; Univ South Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Neurosci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA ; Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, England ; Univ Gothenburg, Dept Physiol, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Web of Science