Suchergebnisse

Water-rights trade has proved to be an effective method for coping with water shortages through the transfer of water resources between users. The water allocation system is classified into two categories based on information transparency and water rights transaction goals: administered system (AS) and market-based system (MS). A multi-agent and multi-objective optimal allocation model, built on a complex adaptive system, was introduced to direct the distribution of water resources under an AS in the Shiyang River Basin ; it was compared with a market-based water rights transaction model using the bulletin-board approach. Ideal economic agent equations played a dominant role in both models. The government and different water users were conceptualized as agents with different behaviors and goals in water allocation. The impact of water-saving cost on optimal water allocation was also considered. The results showed that an agent&rsquo ; s water-saving behavior was incentivized by high transaction prices in the water market. Under the MS, the highest bid in the quotation set had a dominant influence on how trade was conducted. A higher transaction price will, thus, result in a better benefit ratio, and a lower one will result in inactivity in terms of water rights trade. This will significantly impact the economic benefit to the basin.

In water shortage regions, water rights trading would be much useful for increasing water use inefficiency through changing users&rsquo ; water demand. In this study, a water optimal allocation modelling system is proposed by considering water rights trading and other governmental policies such as water prices, water savings and industrial policies. An agent-based model was developed to describe the behaviors and goals of individual agents using complex adaptive system theory, information transfers, and functional mechanisms between agents. The developed model was applied to Bayannur City, which suffers from severe water shortages. The water prices for different industries, the water rights transaction price, and the behaviors of various agents in 2020 were forecasted. The results reveal that the water resources optimal allocation model applied in this study can help realize the reasonable allocation of regional water resources under limited water supply. It is also valuable to guide the government in making water resources allocation policies and provide a practical reference for the formulation and adjustment of a water market transaction price.

In this article, the authors investigate how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) may affect China's global image. They find evidence that international opinions on China are diverse but not polarized. They also find that the BRI has curried favor for China in the related countries. On average, the BRI increases the net public approval rating of the Chinese leadership in these countries by 15 percentage points. Interestingly, the BRI arouses approving foreign opinions more than quietens disapproving voices. Furthermore, there is tentative evidence suggesting that the BRI impacts China's global reputation through trade, infrastructure, debt, and people-people interactions. Lastly, respondents who are older, better educated, with a higher income, and living in urban areas viewed China more favorably after the launch of the BRI. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

Public welfare maps are thematic maps for macro-planning, emergency relief, decision-making and daily office work of government departments. Public welfare maps are used to serve the government. Public welfare maps are used to serve the government. In recent years, the state has become more and more demanding for the rapid guarantee service work of public welfare maps of surveying and mapping product. It shows that the demand for high-potential, high-quality geographic information high-efficiency and spiritual services is becoming more and more urgent. Therefore, research The rapid production technology of public welfare maps has also become an urgent requirement. In response to this demand, this paper studies the key issues of rapid map production, such as rapid positioning, projection and scale adaptation, layout and off-line adaptive self-adaptation, and its solutions. Firstly, this paper introduces the necessity of adaptive mapping, the model and algorithm of adaptive mapping. Then introduces projection and scale adaptation, layout and out-of-map integer adaptation. Finally, based on the above research results, a rapid producting system for public welfare maps is developed. We compile sample map and test performance using the system. The result show that the paper's methods can improve the efficiency of Public welfare map producting, and provide powerful technical support for quickly service.

Public welfare maps are thematic maps for macro-planning, emergency relief, decision-making and daily office work of government departments. Public welfare maps are used to serve the government. Public welfare maps are used to serve the government. In recent years, the state has become more and more demanding for the rapid guarantee service work of public welfare maps of surveying and mapping product. It shows that the demand for high-potential, high-quality geographic information high-efficiency and spiritual services is becoming more and more urgent. Therefore, research The rapid production technology of public welfare maps has also become an urgent requirement. In response to this demand, this paper studies the key issues of rapid map production, such as rapid positioning, projection and scale adaptation, layout and off-line adaptive self-adaptation, and its solutions. Firstly, this paper introduces the necessity of adaptive mapping, the model and algorithm of adaptive mapping. Then introduces projection and scale adaptation, layout and out-of-map integer adaptation. Finally, based on the above research results, a rapid producting system for public welfare maps is developed. We compile sample map and test performance using the system. The result show that the paper's methods can improve the efficiency of Public welfare map producting, and provide powerful technical support for quickly service.

Although knowledge has been linked to productivity within and between organizations, little is known about how knowledge flows into schools and then diffuses from teacher to teacher within schools. Here, the authors hypothesize that the value of different sources of knowledge depends on a teacher's current level of implementation. The authors test their theory using longitudinal network data from 470 teachers in 13 schools. From models of change (i.e., first differences) in teachers' use of computers over a one-year period, the authors infer that the more a teacher at the lowest initial levels of implementing an innovation is exposed to professional development focused on student learning, the more she increases her level of implementation ( focus); the more a teacher at an intermediate initial level of implementation has opportunities to experiment and explore, the more she sustains her level of implementation ( fiddle); and the more a teacher at a high initial level of implementation accesses the knowledge of others, the more she increases her level of implementation ( friends). Concerning the potential for selection bias, the authors quantify how large the impacts ( Frank 2000 ) of confounding variables must be to invalidate their inferences. In the discussion, the authors emphasize the changing nature of knowledge through the diffusion process.