Suchergebnisse

Polish Film Chronicle was a party medium which, over the last 50 years of activity, was supposed to perform propaganda, cognitive and ludistic functions. Controlled by censorship institutions, it was using various manipulative measures aimed at the appropriate transfer of information or coverage of political, social, sports and cultural events. The use of various types of linguistic persuasion mechanisms, the selection of an appropriate, emotionally marked vocabulary, suggestive portrayal of objects or events or the use of directives are just some of the means taken by the editorial team of the Chronicle. All this to cope with the task of combining contained in the circulars with the instructions of censorship guidelines, and at the same time making the reception of their film magazine for the average viewer something pleasant, useful and educating. The aim of the article is to show the process of intensifying or easing the propaganda mechanisms in the implementation of the Polish Film Chronicle, as well as to indicate what measures taken by the editorial team in creating the Chronicle were intended to influence the viewer's perception

The present article consists of an analysis of four selected historiographic works with respect to the authors' reception of the roles of women in the events portrayed. The representation of women in the church historiography of the period is a reflection of how women are perceived by the authors of the sources in question, the men from various cultural backgrounds and milieus: a Greek-speaking lector from Constantinople, a Latin-speaking bishop from the Roman part of Africa, a Syriac monk from Amida, but also a lay jurist from Antioch writing in Greek. The first part of the article contains analyses of Theodore Lector's Church History and the Chronicle by Victor of Tunnuna. An analysis of the remaining works, as well as final conclusions, will be presented in the second part of the article.

The League of Women, until 1949 operating under the name Socio-Civic League of Women, was an organization created post-1945 in Gdańsk and Łódź districts. Its activity was dictated by the party and governmental authorities. During their early years, both the Gdańsk and the Łódź organizations were characterized by similar activities and range of influence on the local women's milieus. After 1949, with the organization's name changed to the League of Women, the Łódź branch enjoyed wider popularity and social acceptance among women. This was caused by the possibilities of building the organization's influence among female workers in Łódź. The Gdańsk branch did not create rigid organizational structures due to, i.a., comparably less opportunities there for activity among employed women, especially workers. Also in Gdańsk, after 1980, the only reformatory movement among the League members in the country was born.

In Poland, there is a noticeable deficit of knowledge about the mass Soviet women's press. After all, it for decades shaped the views and attitudes of millions of Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian women and other residents of the Soviet Union. Such periodicals as "Robotnica", "Włościanka", "Kobieta Sowiecka", being at the central level a part of a powerful propaganda machine, facilitated the Communist Party's 'piecemeal' of women's souls in the spirit of Marxist feminism. And its promoters, such as Nadezhda Krupska, Anna Ulyanova-Yelizarova, Inessa Armand, Aleksandra Kołłontaj and many others like them, so much that less known associates of Vladimir Lenin and his successors combined political and journalistic activity. The consequence of this situation was not only the instrumentalization of the women's press politicized by the communist party, but also the limitation of its agency.

The story of the Amazons contained in the Historia adversus paganos of Orosius says nothing about the Amazons, but shows the mentality of the author of this work. Orosius believed in the existence of the kingdom of Amazons. He devoted a lot of space to the Amazons, because he saw them as relatives of the Goths. He wanted to show that the reality of his Christian's times was no worse than the pagan's past. Orosius summarized Epitome of Justin. Some names of queens of Amazons are different in Historia adversus paganus than in his source. In the case of Queen Sinope, it's hard to say why.

The paper tackles the problem of criminology. The Author presents the phenomenon of women's crime in Russia from 1990 till today. The structure of this kind of crime and its dynamics are also introduced. In addition, the Author focuses on its socio-economic, cultural and psychological as well as legal motives. Various ways of counteracting the women's crime by both the government and society are also presented.

The article is an analysis of the "Nasza Praca" magazine published by the Main Board of the League of Women as an internal instruction of women's organizations in this field. In the years 1947–1981, the journal was published in the form of a bulletin, the content of which was intended solely for analysis by members of the organization in all branches of the Polish People's Republic. On the other hand, since 1981, with the breakthrough in the country and the League of Women itself, "Nasza Praca" became an open monthly addressed to all Polish women, including those who are not members of the Women's League. The following article focuses on the guidelines of the Main Board of the Women's League for field activists from the early 1980s.

The League of Women (Liga Kobiet), until 1949 operating under the name of the Socio-Civic League of Women (Społeczno-Obywatelska Liga Kobiet), was a mass women's organisation functioning in the Polish People's Republic. Throughout the whole period, one of the priorities set by the organisation was to build up its mass character and, thus, to influence different social, professional and environmental groups of Polish women, fitting into the general agenda of implementing the communist regime in Polish society. Most League of Women's members were also members to the Polish United Workers' Party. The League of Women tried to play a role of a "utilitarian" organisation, supporting in a genuine and diverse way the Polish women's environment. The period between 1945 and 1975 was the first stage of organisation's activity; in the communist Polish People's Republic it was a period of "isolation" of the Polish society from the Western world and of a significant influence of the Soviet Union's policy on the social relations in the country. The League of Women was an example of an East European women's organisation in the communist era.