Suchergebnisse

Since the crisis of late 2001 and early 2002, one of the themes that characterized the state agency was the intensification and diversification of government initiatives aimed at creating conditions and opportunities for reintegration of the unemployed population by implementing a complementary way care plans, a series of social programs designed to encourage, through subsidies, the development of productive activities among the unemployed. This paper aims to describe the organization of productive enterprises between unemployed in the municipality of Famaillá, Tucumán - Argentina, identifying the main difficulties impeding the normal development of such enterprises.

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Full list of authors: Horesh, Assaf; Sfaradi, Itai; Ergon, Mattias; Barbarino, Cristina; Sollerman, Jesper; Moldon, Javier; Dobie, Dougal; Schulze, Steve; Pérez-Torres, Miguel; Williams, David R. A.; Fremling, Christoffer; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; O'Brien, Andrew; Lundqvist, Peter; Murphy, Tara; Fender, Rob; Anand, Shreya; Belicki, Justin; Bellm, Eric C.; Coughlin, Michael W.; De, Kishalay; Golkhou, V. Zach; Graham, Matthew J.; Green, Dave A.; Hankins, Matt; Kasliwal, Mansi; Kupfer, Thomas; Laher, Russ R.; Masci, Frank J.; Miller, A. A.; Neill, James D.; Ofek, Eran O.; Perrott, Yvette; Porter, Michael; Reiley, Daniel J.; Rigault, Mickael; Rodriguez, Hector; Rusholme, Ben; Shupe, David L.; Titterington, David ; We report the discovery and panchromatic follow-up observations of the young Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) SN 2020oi in M100, a grand-design spiral galaxy at a mere distance of 14 Mpc. We followed up with observations at radio, X-ray, and optical wavelengths from only a few days to several months after explosion. The optical behavior of the supernova is similar to those of other normal SNe Ic. The event was not detected in the X-ray band but our radio observations revealed a bright mJy source (Lν ≈ 1.2× 1027 erg s-1 Hz-1). Given the relatively small number of stripped envelope SNe for which radio emission is detectable, we used this opportunity to perform a detailed analysis of the comprehensive radio data set we obtained. The radio-emitting electrons initially experience a phase of inverse Compton cooling, which leads to steepening of the spectral index of the radio emission. Our analysis of the cooling frequency points to a large deviation from equipartition at the level of e/ B ⪆ 200, similar to a few other cases of stripped envelope SNe. Our modeling of the radio data suggests that the shock wave driven by the SN ejecta into the circumstellar matter (CSM) is moving at ∼ 3× 104 km s-1. Assuming a constant mass loss from the stellar progenitor, we find that the mass-loss rate is ⊙M≈ 1.4× 10-4 M⊙ yr-1 for an assumed wind velocity of 1000 km s-1. The temporal evolution of the radio emission suggests a radial CSM density structure steeper than the standard r -2. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. ; We thank the anonymous referee. A.H. is grateful for the support by grants from the Israel Science Foundation, the USIsrael Binational Science Foundation (BSF), and the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and the Israel Science Foundation. T.M. acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council through grant FT150100099. D.D. is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. D.R.A.W. was supported by the Oxford Centre for Astrophysical Surveys, which is funded through generous support from the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation. A.A.M. is funded by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation, the Brinson Foundation, and the Moore Foundation in support of the LSSTC Data Science Fellowship Program; he also receives support as a CIERA Fellow by the CIERA Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern University). M.P.T. acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709) and through grant PGC2018-098915-B-C21 (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE). J.M. acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709) and from the grant RTI2018-096228-B-C31 (MICIU/FEDER, EU). A.G.Y.'s research is supported by the EU via ERC grant No. 725161, the ISF GW excellence center, an IMOS space infrastructure grant and BSF/Transformative and GIF grants, as well as The Benoziyo Endowment Fund for the Advancement of Science, the Deloro Institute for Advanced Research in Space and Optics, The Veronika A. Rabl Physics Discretionary Fund, Paul and Tina Gardner, Yeda-Sela and the WIS-CIT joint research grant; A.G.Y. is the recipient of the Helen and Martin Kimmel Award for Innovative Investigation. M.R. has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement n759194-USNAC). M.W.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation with grant number PHY-2010970. C.F. gratefully acknowledges support of his research by the Heising-Simons Foundation (#2018-0907). Based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48 inch and the 60 inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. Z.T.F. is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-1440341 and a collaboration including Caltech, IPAC, the Weizmann Institute for Science, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, the University of Washington, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron and Humboldt University, Los Alamos National Laboratories, the TANGO Consortium of Taiwan, the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories. Operations are conducted by COO, IPAC, and UW. Partly based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope. SED Machine is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. 1106171. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility which is funded by the Australian Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We acknowledge the Gomeroi people as the traditional owners of the Observatory site. e-MERLIN is a National Facility operated by the University of Manchester at Jodrell Bank Observatory on behalf of STFC. We thank the staff of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory for their assistance in the commissioning, maintenance, and operation of AMI, which is supported by the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford. We also acknowledge support from the European Research Council under grant ERC-2012-StG-307215 LODESTONE. This work was supported by the GROWTH project funded by the National Science Foundation under grant No. 1545949. ; Peer reviewed

Este trabajo reconstruye las carreras de policías que se encuentran cumpliendo una sentencia por el delito de secuestro en la Penitenciaría de Santa Martha, en la Ciudad de México, desde el punto de vista de su itinerario "interrumpido" dentro de las instituciones policiales mexicanas. Las entrevistas realizadas nos develan una cultura policial que se basa en cuatro pilares que articulan el significado de las relaciones sociales tanto al interior de la institución, como respecto a los ciudadanos: desconfianza, autoritarismo, discrecionalidad y negociación. Estos rasgos nos conducen a identificar el ethos cotidiano y normalizado de una institución que se sustenta a sí misma y ejerce el abuso de poder para su propia perpetuación, aunque para ello sea necesario actuar en contra de algunos de sus elementos a quienes instrumentaliza como víctimas propiciatorias parala opinión pública.

Este trabajo se basa en el análisis de material etnográfico obtenido mediante la organización de grupos de discusión en los que participaron 166 agentes pertenecientes a todos los rangos de la Policía Judicial de la ciudad de México. Indaga en las prácticas de abusos de autoridad y de corrupción, las cuales han de comprenderse a partir de la necesidad de la reproducción institucional para conservar nichos laborales y estrategias de obtención de recursos. También considera el peso que tienen en dichas prácticas la precariedad en el trabajo y los abusos de poder que sufren los policías, forzándolos a instaurar códigos morales propios y reglas de conducta que a menudo generan, a su vez, abusos hacia la sociedad civil. Finalmente, analiza el uso de eufemismos legales que se convierten en coartadas de dominación derivadas de la legitimidad del Estado.

Se analiza la interpretación que hace el semanario satírico Gedeón (1897-1912) de un pilar fundamental de la cultura artística española contemporánea: las Exposiciones Nacionales de Bellas Artes. Textos o viñetas de caricaturistas como Sileno, Sancha o Xaudaró, frivolizan o ironizan sobre obras, artistas, jurados o premios; caracterizando primordialmente su enfoque la utilización paródica de los cuadros más notables como marcos iconográficos de la sátira política. Como fuente crítica resulta limitada y ocasional, pero no deja de ser un complemento sugerente y efectivo para el estudio del arte y la historia española contemporáneos. ; This paper discusses the criticisms of one of the most important elements of contemporary Spanish artistic culture — the National Fine Arts Exhibitions — to be found in the satirical weekly Gedéon (1897-1912). Texts, drawings and cartoons by such caricature artists as Sileno, Sancha or Xaudaró comment frivolously or ironically on art works, artists, prizes and their panels of judges, and to this end they parodied the most notable paintings, using them for the purpose of political satire. This is naturally limited and period-specific as a means of criticism, but it is nevertheless interesting to observe and forms a useful aspect of the study of Spanish contemporary art and history.

Full list of authors: Baldi, R. D.; Williams, D. R. A.; Beswick, R. J.; McHardy, I.; Dullo, B. T.; Knapen, J. H.; Zanisi, L.; Argo, M. K.; Aalto, S.; Alberdi, A.; Baan, W. A.; Bendo, G. J.; Fenech, D. M.; Green, D. A.; Klöckner, H. -R.; Körding, E.; Maccarone, T. J.; Marcaide, J. M.; Mutie, I.; Panessa, F.; Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Romero-Cañizales, C.; Saikia, D. J.; Saikia, P.; Shankar, F.; Spencer, R. E.; Stevens, I. R.; Uttley, P.; Brinks, E.; Corbel, S.; Martí-Vidal, I.; Mundell, C. G.; Pahari, M.; Ward, M. J. ; What determines the nuclear radio emission in local galaxies? To address this question, we combine optical [O iii] line emission, robust black hole (BH) mass estimates, and high-resolution e-MERLIN 1.5-GHz data, from the LeMMINGs survey, of a statistically complete sample of 280 nearby optically active (LINER and Seyfert) and inactive [H ii and absorption line galaxies (ALGs)] galaxies. Using [O iii] luminosity (L[O III]) as a proxy for the accretion power, local galaxies follow distinct sequences in the optical-radio planes of BH activity, which suggest different origins of the nuclear radio emission for the optical classes. The 1.5-GHz radio luminosity of their parsec-scale cores (Lcore) is found to scale with BH mass (MBH) and [O iii] luminosity. Below MBH ∼106.5 M⊙, stellar processes from non-jetted H ii galaxies dominate with Lcore ∝ MBH0.61 ± 0.33 and Lcore ∝ L[O III]0.79 ± 0.30. Above MBH ∼106.5 M⊙, accretion-driven processes dominate with Lcore ∝ MBH1.5-1.65 and Lcore ∝ L[O III]0.99-1.31 for active galaxies: radio-quiet/loud LINERs, Seyferts, and jetted H ii galaxies always display (although low) signatures of radio-emitting BH activity, with L1.5 GHz ≳ 1019.8 W Hz-1 and MBH ≳ 107 M⊙, on a broad range of Eddington-scaled accretion rates (m). Radio-quiet and radio-loud LINERs are powered by low-m discs launching sub-relativistic and relativistic jets, respectively. Low-power slow jets and disc/corona winds from moderately high to high-m discs account for the compact and edge-brightened jets of Seyferts, respectively. Jetted H ii galaxies may host weakly active BHs. Fuel-starved BHs and recurrent activity account for ALG properties. In conclusion, specific accretion-ejection states of active BHs determine the radio production and the optical classification of local active galaxies. © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. ; This research was supported by a Newton Fund project, DARA (Development in Africa with Radio Astronomy), and awarded by the UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) – grant reference ST/R001103/1. This research was supported by European Commission Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 730884 (JUMPING JIVE). FS acknowledges support from a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship. JHK acknowledges support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 721463 to the SUNDIAL ITN network, from the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under the grant with reference PID2019-105602GB-I00, and from IAC project P/300724, financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, through the State Budget and by the Canary Islands Department of Economy, Knowledge and Employment, through the Regional Budget of the Autonomous Community. IMV thanks the Generalitat Valenciana (funding from the GenT Project CIDEGENT/2018/021) and the MICINN (funding from the Research Project PID2019-108995GB-C22). AA and MAPT acknowledge support from the Spanish MCIU through grant PGC2018-098915-B-C21 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrofìsica de Andalucìa (SEV-2017-0709). BTD acknowledges financial support from grant 'Ayudas para la realización de proyectos de I + D para jóvenes doctores 2019' funded by Comunidad de Madrid and Universidad Complutense de Madrid under grant no. PR65/19-22417. ; Peer reviewed

Full list of authors: Baldi, R. D.; Williams, D. R. A.; McHardy, I. M.; Beswick, R. J.; Brinks, E.; Dullo, B. T.; Knapen, J. H.; Argo, M. K.; Aalto, S.; Alberdi, A.; Baan, W. A.; Bendo, G. J.; Corbel, S.; Fenech, D. M.; Gallagher, J. S.; Green, D. A.; Kennicutt, R. C.; Klöckner, H. -R.; Körding, E.; Maccarone, T. J.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; Mundell, C. G.; Panessa, F.; Peck, A. B.; Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Romero-Cañizales, C.; Saikia, P.; Shankar, F.; Spencer, R. E.; Stevens, I. R.; Varenius, E.; Ward, M. J.; Yates, J.; Uttley, P. ; We present the second data release of high-resolution (≤0.2 arcsec) 1.5-GHz radio images of 177 nearby galaxies from the Palomar sample, observed with the e-MERLIN array, as part of the Legacy e-MERLIN Multi-band Imaging of Nearby Galaxies Sample (LeMMINGs) survey. Together with the 103 targets of the first LeMMINGs data release, this represents a complete sample of 280 local active (LINER and Seyfert) and inactive galaxies (H ii galaxies and absorption line galaxies, ALG). This large program is the deepest radio survey of the local Universe, ≳1017.6 W Hz-1, regardless of the host and nuclear type: we detect radio emission ≳0.25 mJy beam-1 for 125/280 galaxies (44.6 per cent) with sizes of typically ≲100 pc. Of those 125, 106 targets show a core which coincides within 1.2 arcsec with the optical nucleus. Although we observed mostly cores, around one third of the detected galaxies features jetted morphologies. The detected radio core luminosities of the sample range between ∼1034 and 1040 erg s-1. LINERs and Seyferts are the most luminous sources, whereas H ii galaxies are the least. LINERs show FR I-like core-brightened radio structures while Seyferts reveal the highest fraction of symmetric morphologies. The majority of H ii galaxies have single radio core or complex extended structures, which probably conceal a nuclear starburst and/or a weak active nucleus (seven of them show clear jets). ALGs, which are typically found in evolved ellipticals, although the least numerous, exhibit on average the most luminous radio structures, similar to LINERs. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. ; The authors thank the anonymous referee for his/her helpful comments to improve the manuscript. AA and MAPT acknowledge support from the Spanish MCIU through grant PGC2018-098915-B-C21 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrof ' isica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). BTD acknowledges support from a Spanish postdoctoral fellowship 'Ayudas 1265 para la atraccion del talento investigador. Modalidad 2: jovenes investigadores.' funded by Comunidad de Madrid under grant number 2016-T2/TIC-2039. BTD also acknowledges support from grant 'Ayudas para la realizaci on de proyectos de I + D para jovenes doctores 2019.' funded by Comunidad de Madrid and Universidad Complutense de Madrid under grant number PR65/19-22417. JHK acknowledges financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 721463 to the SUNDIAL ITN network, from the State Research Agency (AEI-MCINN) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the grant 'The structure and evolution of galaxies and their central regions' with reference PID2019-105602GB-I00/10.13039/501100011033, and from IAC project P/300724, financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, through the State Budget and by the Canary Islands Department of Economy, Knowledge and Employment, through the Regional Budget of the Autonomous Community. JSG thanks the University of Wisconsin-Madison and its Foundation for support of this research through his Rupple Bascom Professorship. FS acknowledges partial support from a Leverhulme Trust Research fellowship. CGM acknowledges support from the University of Bath and Jim and Hiroko Sherwin. e-MERLIN is a National Facility operated by the University of Manchester at Jodrell Bank Observatory on behalf of STFC, part of UK Research and Innovation. ; Peer reviewed

In this paper, the authors describe and implement an algorithm to perform a supervised classification into Landsat MSS satellite images. The Maximum Likelihood Classification method is used to generate raster digital thematic maps by means of a supervised clustering. The clustering method has been proved in Landsat MSS images of different regions of Mexico to detect several training data related to the geographic environment. The algorithm has been integrated into Spatial Analyzer Module to improve the decision making model and the spatial analysis into GIS-applications.

Mattila, S. et al. ; We estimate the fraction of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) that remain undetected by optical SN searches due to obscuration by large amounts of dust in their host galaxies. This effect is especially important in luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies, which are locally rare but dominate the star formation at redshifts of z ∼ 1-2. We perform a detailed investigation of the SN activity in the nearby luminous infrared galaxy Arp 299 and estimate that up to 83% of the SNe in Arp 299 and in similar galaxies in the local universe are missed by observations at optical wavelengths. For rest-frame optical surveys we find the fraction of SNe missed due to high dust extinction to increase from the average local value of ∼19% to ∼38% at z ∼ 1.2 and then remain roughly constant up to z ∼ 2. It is therefore crucial to take into account the effects of obscuration by dust when determining SN rates at high redshift and when predicting the number of CCSNe detectable by future high-z surveys such as LSST, JWST, and Euclid. For a sample of nearby CCSNe (distances 6-15Mpc) detected during the last 12yr, we find a lower limit for the local CCSN rate of 1.5 +0.4 - 0.3 × 10 -4 yr -1Mpc -3, consistent with that expected from the star formation rate. Even closer, at distances less than ∼6Mpc, we find a significant increase in the CCSN rate, indicating a local overdensity of star formation caused by a small number of galaxies that have each hosted multiple SNe. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. ; S.M. and E.K. acknowledge financial support from the Academy of Finland (project: 8120503). A.A.H. thanks the Spanish Plan Nacional through grant AYA2010-21161-C02-01 and the Universidad de Cantabria through the Augusto G. Linares program for financial support. M.A.P.T. acknowledges support by the Spanish MICINN through grant AYA2009-13036-CO2-01, partially funded by FEDER funds. This research has also been partially funded by the Autonomic Government of Andalusia under grants P08-TIC-4075 and TIC-126. ; Peer Reviewed

Heterogeneous anabolic capacity in cell populations can trigger a phenomenon known as cell competition, through which less active cells are eliminated. Cell competition has been induced experimentally in stem/precursor cell populations in insects and mammals and takes place endogenously in early mouse embryonic cells. Here, we show that cell competition can be efficiently induced in mouse cardiomyocytes by mosaic overexpression of Myc during both gestation and adult life. The expansion of the Myc-overexpressing cardiomyocyte population is driven by the elimination of wild-type cardiomyocytes. Importantly, this cardiomyocyte replacement is phenotypically silent and does not affect heart anatomy or function. These results show that the capacity for cell competition in mammals is not restricted to stem cell populations and suggest that stimulated cell competition has potential as a cardio-myocyte-replacement strategy. ; We thank J.L. de la Pompa for comments on the manuscript, V. Garcia for mouse work, E. Arza and A. M. Santos for help with microscopy and 3D reconstruction, J. Garcia-Prieto for help with cardiomyocyte isolation, A. V. Alonso for the echocardiography assays, F. Sanchez-Cabo for statistics, and S. Bartlett for text editing. The CNIC Genomics unit performed the RNA sequencing procedures. This work was supported by grants BFU2012-31086 and RD12/0019/0005 (ISCIII) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competition (MINECO) and grant P2010/BMD-2315 from the Madrid Regional Government. C. V. is supported by a FPI grant from the MINECO. The CNIC is supported by the MINECO and the Pro-CNIC Foundation. ; Sí