Suchergebnisse

This article aims to identify different modes of participation among the more active members within political parties and explore the reasons behind this variation. Previous research has focused on the hierarchical position of members according to their attachment to the organization to explain different types of activism. However, less attention has been paid to the horizontal variation among party activists. Our study employs survey data from delegates attending party conferences between 2008 and 2017 in Spain and applies cluster analysis to identify the presence of different types of activists within parties. We further perform multinomial logistic regression to identify the drivers of the four types of activists (mass party activists, committed activists, canvasser activists, and cheering activists) resulting from the cluster analysis. Our findings show that both individual factors (socioeconomic status and incentives for joining) and party factors (party age, access to institutions, territorial coverage) are relevant for explaining variation in party activism. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar diferentes modos de participación entre los miembros más activos dentro de los partidos políticos y explorar las razones detrás de esta variación. Las investigaciones previas se han centrado en la posición jerárquica de los miembros según su vinculación a la organización, para explicar diferentes tipos de activismo. Sin embargo, se ha prestado menos atención a la variación horizontal entre los activistas del partido. Nuestro estudio emplea datos de encuestas de delegados que asistieron a conferencias de partidos españoles entre 2008 y 2017 y realiza un análisis de conglomerados para identificar la presencia de diferentes tipos de activistas. Además, empleamos una regresión logística multinomial para identificar los factores explicativos de la existencia de los cuatro tipos de activistas identificados en los diferentes conglomerados (los activistas típicos de partidos de masas, los activistas comprometidos, los activistas de campaña y los activistas animadores). Nuestros resultados muestran que tanto los factores individuales (nivel socioeconómico y diferentes tipos de incentivos) como los factores partidistas (edad del partido, acceso a instituciones, penetración territorial) son relevantes para explicar la variación en el activismo partidista.

Ciudadanos est un nouveau parti en Espagne qui a connu auparavant une longue trajectoire en Catalogne. Dans cet article on analyse les raisons de son émergence et de son succès dans ces deux différents cadres géographiques et ceci sur deux phases, son parcours dans chacune d'entre elles ainsi que son organisation, son leadership, son idéologie et les caractéristiques propres à ses électeurs comme à ses membres, en portant une attention particulière à la question de savoir comment la nature multi-niveau du système politique infère-t-elle dans chacun de ces deux aspects.

Après dix années de changements politiques, électoraux et de gouvernement, les partis politiques catalans ont évolué en portant principalement leur attention fin 2012 sur le thème centre-périphérie. À partir de la définition du système des partis avancée par Peter Mair, l'article entend montrer que cette évolution est quelque peu la conséquence du changement intervenu, dès1999 en Catalogne, dans la compétition entre les partis. La perte du Gouvernement pour la CiU, la progression d'ERC et la formation du gouvernement tripartite de gauche ont modifié les formes de compétition des années précédentes. L'évolution vers un système des partis plus ouvert a produit des changements sur le leadership, sur l'offre programmatique, sur les équilibres entre tendances dans les principaux partis mais aussi la création de nouveaux partis. Les conclusions de cette analyse contribuent à expliquer la radicalisation des partis en Catalogne ainsi qu'à confirmer l'utilité d'une approche du système des partis davantage tournée sur la liste entre partis pour le gouvernement.

The aim of this article is to analyze the evolution of the Non-State Wide Parties (NSWP, PANE) in Spain. Our analysis will focus the main political arenas in Spanish political system, at the national and regional levels. In both cases the evolution of the NSWP will be analyzed in terms of parliamentary representation and their role in the government. The study shows the continuity of most of these parties in the national arena, where they have performed a key role in periods of minority government (but without entering into the cabinet). We point out the increasing influence of these parties in the regional arena, where most of them have reached the threshold of government. Adapted from the source document.

Since the adhesion of Spain to the EEC in 1986, the Spanish electorate has shown a high level of support for the European integration process. Even more enthusiastic than their fellow citizens, Spanish political elites also expressed a strong commitment to the European integration project, based in a pro-EU consensus beyond party and ideological divides. However, Spain has also been one of the countries most affected by the economic and financial crisis that has hit the EU (particularly the Eurozone) since 2010. The main questions we aim to answer in this paper is whether this crisis and its management by EU institutions has eroded the traditional support for the EU shown by Spanish domestic political elites and, if so, to what extent. To this end, we draw on survey data provided by the InTune and ENEC-2014 projects on the attitudes of Spanish MPs towards the EU in the years 2007, 2009, and 2014. Results show that the traditional pro-EU stance of Spanish MPs has remained mostly stable during the crisis, yet such stability has increased the representation gap with citizens in this area.

Since the adhesion of Spain to the EEC in 1986, the Spanish electorate has shown a high level of support for the European integration process. Even more enthusiastic than their fellow citizens, Spanish political elites also expressed a strong commitment to the European integration project, based in a pro-EU consensus beyond party and ideological divides. However, Spain has also been one of the countries most affected by the economic and financial crisis that has hit the EU (particularly the Eurozone) since 2010. The main questions we aim to answer in this paper is whether this crisis and its management by EU institutions has eroded the traditional support for the EU shown by Spanish domestic political elites and, if so, to what extent. To this end, we draw on survey data provided by the InTune and ENEC-2014 projects on the attitudes of Spanish MPs towards the EU in the years 2007, 2009, and 2014. Results show that the traditional pro-EU stance of Spanish MPs has remained mostly stable during the crisis, yet such stability has increased the representation gap with citizens in this area.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Political Parties Transition into the Digital Era -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Digital Political Participation and Political Parties -- 1.3 Digital Parties: An Emerging Party Model? -- 1.4 The Digitalisation of Political Parties and Its Consequences -- 1.5 Research Questions and Plan of the Book -- References -- 2 The Five-Pillar Model of Parties' Migration into the Digital -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Five-Pillar Model of Parties' Migration into the Digital -- 2.3 Current Literature Located in the Five-Pillar Model -- 2.4 Range of Application and Open Questions -- References -- 3 Regulating i-Voting Within Countries and Parties -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Defining i-Voting and Its Legal Framework -- 3.3 How to Analyse the Process of i-Voting in States and Parties on the Basis of the Electoral Cycle -- 3.4 Key Aspects of Democratic Norms Applying to i-Voting -- 3.5 Practices of i-Voting at National Level -- 3.5.1 Estonia -- 3.5.2 Switzerland -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Studying Digital Parties: Methods, Challenges and Responses -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 How Have Parties Traditionally Been Studied? -- 4.3 Methods for Studying Digital Parties -- 4.4 What to Study in Digital Parties? -- 4.5 The Challenge of Studying Digital Parties -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 i-Voting Regulation Within Digital Parties: The Case of Podemos and Five Stars Movement -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Democratic and Technical Norms of i-Voting Within Parties -- 5.2.1 Democratic Norms -- 5.2.2 Technical Standards of E-Decision-Making and i-Voting -- 5.3 i-Voting Within Parties -- 5.4 The M5S -- 5.4.1 Regulations -- 5.4.2 Democratic Norms and Technical Standards -- 5.5 Podemos -- 5.5.1 Regulations -- 5.5.2 Democratic Norms and Technical Standards -- 5.6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References.