Suchergebnisse

The theoretical section of this paper describes three mechanisms through which science in non-Western countries is institutionalized to follow the forms that are prevalent in the major industrial nations. The empirical section, which is based on a sample of 73 less developed countries (LDCs) and underdeveloped countries (UDCs) demonstrates that the findings are inconsistent with predictions made by theories of economic development and modernization. These theories predict a positive relationship between the degree of institutionalization and economic performance, but, for LDCs we find no such relationship; for the UDCs, it is even negative. Thus we conclude that institutional isomorphism and conformity to external rational myths are loosely coupled with internal economic efficiency.

The study of organizational 'goodness' is examined in four leading organiza tional journals (American and European) spanning a period of 35 years. The survey of 349 articles shows that 'performance' and 'effectiveness' have been studied most frequently, while 'efficiency' and 'productivity' are rarely addressed. Since 1978, performance has become the single most dominant concept in the literature. Organization Studies was more likely to publish stud ies of effectiveness, whereas The Academy of Management Journal and The Administrative Science Quarterly were more likely to study performance. Only one fifth of the studies provide a theoretical definition of the concepts used, and the number of articles without a nominal definition has increased since 1975. The provision of definitions was more prominent in The Academy of Management Review and Organization Studies than in the other two journals. The results suggest that the literature does not offer a consistent approach to the study of organizational goodness and that measurement is largely erratic.

This study examines the autonomous goals of state actors and their administrative and cultural capacities to pursue them. Analyzing qualitative and quantitative data from Palestine/Israel during the years 1940–1960, we study the diffusion of joint productivity councils that use scientific management principles (scientific JPCs). We assess explanations for the diffusion of managerial models offered by theories of state autonomy, efficiency, labor control, and professionalization. We demonstrate that the actions of state leaders interested in stabilizing the economy and financing nation-building projects were a necessary condition for the diffusion of scientific JPCs, which were initially rejected by labor, capital, and industrial engineers. State actors used public policy to foster national and plant-level agreements between labor and capital and launched a moral discourse that framed productivity as a precondition for national survival. This case study brings insights from political sociology and the framing literature to organizational research and offers a new set of factors for understanding the nexus between the state, the labor process, and the diffusion of managerial models.

A resource dependence perspective is used to conceptualize and to investigate the consequences of externalfunding on scientific enterprise. We argue that the participation of scientists in collegial activities is constrained by resource relations and the resulting dependence of scientists on nonscientists. Constraining factors include secrecy regulations, nonscientists' lack of concern for scientific standards, and the diminished research time available to scientists. Researchers endeavor to protect their autonomy and reduce the dependence by establishing alternative sources offunds. The empirical analysis of the theory is based on a study conducted in Israel. Our theoretical expectations are confirmed for researchers operating in academic settings. They are not fully supported for non-academic research settings. The significance and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction. Jews, Theory, and Ends -- chapter 1. Leo Lowenthal and the Jewish Renaissance -- chapter 2. The Palestinian Nakba and the Arab-Jewish Melancholy: An Essay on Sovereignty and Translation -- chapter 3. The Ends of Ladino -- chapter 4. The Last Jewish Intellectual: Derrida and His Literary Betrayal of Levinas -- chapter 5. Jews, in Theory -- chapter 6. The Jewish Animot: Of Jews as Animals -- chapter 7. The Off-Modern Turn: Modernist Humanism and Vernacular Cosmopolitanism in Shklovsky and Mandelshtam -- chapter 8. Old Testament Realism in the Writings of Erich Auerbach -- chapter 9. Buber versus Scholem and the Figure of the Hasidic Jew: A Literary Debate between Two Political Theologies -- chapter 10. Against the "Attack on Linking": Rearticulating the "Jewish Intellectual" for Today -- 11. Recovering Futurity: Theorizing the End and the End of Theory -- Contributors -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Agamben and Colonialism -- I. Colonial States of Exception -- 1. Imperialism, Exceptionalism and the Contemporary World -- 2. The Management of Anomie: The State of Exception in Postcommunist Russia -- 3. The Cultural Politics of Exception -- II. Colonial Sovereignty -- 4. Indigenising Agamben: Rethinking Sovereignty in Light of the 'Peculiar' Status of Native Peoples -- 5. Reading Kenya's Colonial State of Emergency after Agamben -- 6. Colonial Sovereignty, Forms of Life and Liminal Beings in South Africa -- III. Biopolitics and Bare Life -- 7. Encountering Bare Life in Italian Libya and Colonial Amnesia in Agamben -- 8. Abandoning Gaza -- 9. Colonial Histories: Biopolitics and Shantytowns in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area -- IV. Method, History, Potentiality -- 10. The Paradigm of Colonialism -- 11. 'The work of men is not durable': History, Haiti and the Rights of Man -- 12. Potential Postcoloniality: Sacred Life, Profanation and the Coming Community -- Notes on Contributors -- Index