Suchergebnisse

Una de las referencias centrales en el incipiente campo de investigación de los imaginarios sociales es indudablemente Cornelius Castoriadis. Entre sus aportes se destaca la formulación de una noción tan importante como la de significaciones imaginarias sociales. Sin embargo, puede detectarse cierta vacancia en el abordaje de lo que el autor comprendió como su vertiente subjetiva. En este trabajo se propone recuperar dicho problema para reflexionar acerca del modo en que la subjetividad adhiere a los imaginarios políticos y sociales. Se contrastan dos niveles distintos de comprensión en cuanto a la vertiente subjetiva de las significaciones imaginarias, uno referido al tipo antropológico como un conjunto de rasgos psicológicos y comportamentales y otro pertinente a los procesos psicogenéticos y sublimatorios que permiten al sujeto reasumir la realidad social. Recuperando estos elementos se puede poner de relieve la importancia de la noción de tipo antropológico en un sentido lo suficientemente amplio como para permitir dar cuenta de las distintas vertientes subjetivas en su conjunto, abarcando así los dos niveles de comprensión del problema ; One of the principal references in the incipient field of the social imaginaries is Cornelius Castoriadis. His principal contribution is the concept of social imaginary significations. However, we detect a gap in the approach of his subjective side. In this paper we propose recover that problem to inquire about the way how the subjectivity adheres to the political and social imaginaries. For this, two different levels of understanding about the subjective side of the social imaginary significations are contrasted, one referred to the anthropological kind as a set of psychological and behavioral traits, and another related to psychogenetic and sublimatory processes. As conclusion, we propose an expanded notion of the anthropological kind, in order to reach the different subjective sides and both of the two levels of understanding of this problem ; Fil: Rosso, Germán. ...

Orienté vers le libre-échange, le droit de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce est basé sur plusieurs principes fondamentaux : la non-discrimination, la réciprocité et la réduction progressive des obstacles au commerce. À l'instar des règles du Droit international économique, il existe des mécanismes répondant à l'impératif d'adaptabilité nécessaires aux Membres pour faire face à des situations exceptionnelles afin d'intégrer de la souplesse dans l'application du droit de l'OMC et de déroger aux principes et règles régissant le commerce international. Cela vaut aussi bien en période de crise qu'indépendamment de l'environnement économique général, dès lors que les conditions sont réunies pour que les Membres les mettent en œuvre. La crise économique et financière de 2008 donne à l'analyse de ces mécanismes une acuité particulière puisque la période a fait craindre un recours accru, voire abusif, à ces instruments d'exception, de dérogation, de sauvegarde, recours qui signifierait un retour à des pratiques protectionnistes. La réflexion sur l'utilisation de ces outils permet la mise en évidence des instruments proposés par le droit de l'OMC pour faire face aux crises et plus généralement à des situations qui nécessitent un frein au libre-échange. Mais au-delà, elle précise les pratiques des Membres dans l'utilisation de ces outils, la logique générale de ces mécanismes de flexibilité et l'équilibre qui existe entre les principes orientés vers le libre-échange et les exceptions qui supposent des restrictions au commerce

Il contributo si sofferma sugli studi di Rosaldo Ordano relativi alle origini dell'università di Vercelli nel medioevo. Nei suoi saggi Ordano ha sottolineato in particolare le condizioni politiche ed economiche del comune di Vercelli, nelle quali sarebbero da cercare per principali motivazioni che avrebbero spinto la città alla fondazione di uno Studium generale (1228).

We describe the complex dynamics of an interface (like a magnetic domain wall) on a disordered landscape. In presence of a small external drive (i.e. an external magnetic filed) the motion of the interface is slow and jerky. Two different regimes can be distinguished: the thermally activated regime where the interface spend most of the time in deep metastable states separated by large barriers (creep regime) and the avalanche regime where motion persists also at zero temperature, but it involves collective re-organizations (depinning). Our results shed light on the interplay between these two regimes and on the avalanche statistics.

After the constitutive tension between the Keynesian dimension and Populist dimension in the Argentinean National Government politics and communication, appeared and acquired its defined contours its defined contours the macrista discourse as provider of reason. But, beyond macrismo itself, and for motives that must be explained, it is the city that appears as a provider of reason. This is because this function of reason provider was also, although in different ways, in the rest of the local governments since the autonomy of the city was established. Post politics means a horizontal and rational dialogue between equal individuals that reach consensus, without conflict and without fighting forces. Once the conflict is identified as an external element in social relations —a conflict based only on the psychology or the style of rulers— Macri and the city emerge as providers of reason, dialogue and consensus, within an ambiance of national politics dominated by tension and irrational conflict. This equal and rational subjects dialogue and reach accords without the need of force or confrontation. ; Tras la tensión constitutiva entre la dimensión keynesiana y la dimensión populista en la política y la comunicación del Gobierno nacional, irrumpió y fue adquiriendo sus contornos definidos, el discurso macrista como proveedor de razón. Pero, más allá del macrismo, y por motivos que habrá que explicar, es la ciudad la que aparece como proveedora de razón. Porque en parte esta función de proveer razón también estuvo, aunque de modos diversos, en el resto de los gobiernos locales desde que se estableció la autonomía de la ciudad. La pospolítica supone el diálogo horizontal y racional entre individuos iguales que alcanzan el consenso, sin conflicto y sin enfrentamientos de fuerzas. Una vez identificado el conflicto como un elemento externo a las relaciones sociales —conflicto que fue remitido a la psicología o al estilo de los gobernantes— Macri, y la ciudad, aparecen como proveedores de razón, diálogo y consensos para una política nacional dominada por la tensión y el enfrentamiento irracional. Estos sujetos iguales y racionales, dialogan y alcanzan acuerdos sin necesidad de recurrir a la fuerza o el enfrentamiento.

The assessment of public policies becomes a major procedure in France and answers a certain will to improve the public action on territories. How do we lead an evaluation? To whom and to what is it use? How is it valued in the process of political decision? This questioning around this new decision-making tool constitutes the weft of this report of the end of study. The case of the Chartreuse and the Avant-Pays Savoyard allows an application of the evaluative process. This example allows to illustrate the methodology of the evaluation, the analysis of the results which it generates, as well as the development of the learning which it lavishes in the public action to come. ; L'évaluation des politiques publiques devient une procédure incontournable en France et répond à une volonté certaine d'améliorer l'action publique sur les territoires. Comment conduit-on une évaluation ? À qui et à quoi sert-elle ? Comment est-elle valorisée dans le processus de décision politique ? Ce questionnement autour de ce nouvel outil d'aide à la décision constitue la trame de ce rapport de fin d'étude. Le terrain d'étude que constituent les territoires de la Chartreuse et de l'Avant-Pays Savoyard permet une mise en pratique du processus évaluatif. Cet exemple permet d'illustrer la méthodologie de l'évaluation, l'analyse des résultats qu'elle génère ainsi que la mise en valeur de l'enseignement qu'elle prodigue dans l'action publique à venir.

The assessment of public policies becomes a major procedure in France and answers a certain will to improve the public action on territories. How do we lead an evaluation? To whom and to what is it use? How is it valued in the process of political decision? This questioning around this new decision-making tool constitutes the weft of this report of the end of study. The case of the Chartreuse and the Avant-Pays Savoyard allows an application of the evaluative process. This example allows to illustrate the methodology of the evaluation, the analysis of the results which it generates, as well as the development of the learning which it lavishes in the public action to come. ; L'évaluation des politiques publiques devient une procédure incontournable en France et répond à une volonté certaine d'améliorer l'action publique sur les territoires. Comment conduit-on une évaluation ? À qui et à quoi sert-elle ? Comment est-elle valorisée dans le processus de décision politique ? Ce questionnement autour de ce nouvel outil d'aide à la décision constitue la trame de ce rapport de fin d'étude. Le terrain d'étude que constituent les territoires de la Chartreuse et de l'Avant-Pays Savoyard permet une mise en pratique du processus évaluatif. Cet exemple permet d'illustrer la méthodologie de l'évaluation, l'analyse des résultats qu'elle génère ainsi que la mise en valeur de l'enseignement qu'elle prodigue dans l'action publique à venir.

This essay is part of a broader study on how the Western became a worldwide recognizable genre during the 20th century. Here the focus is on the Western duel approached from a historical perspective, starting with the birth of the genre with James Fenimore Cooper, moving on to the spread of the Western myths in the 19th century and to the establishment of a literary canon with Owen Wister and Zane Grey in the early 20th, and of classic Hollywood movies from the 1930s to 1950s. The essay underlines the role of some unconventional works and the revisionary aspects of the duel in the fiction of Elmore Leonard and Charles Portis, which foreshadow the radical crisis of the Western in the 1970s. The last part of the essay is devoted to the 'Post-Western' and particularly to the contribution of Larry McMurtry (Lonesome Dove, 1985) and Cormac McCarthy (Blood Meridian, 1985), who reject the 'regeneration through violence' pattern which dominated American culture from its inception, by radically re-reading the duel and the Western.

Maxime Rosso, The allusions to Sparta in the speeches and politics of Robespierre from 1789 to Thermidor.
Ancient Greece is one of the richest sources of Western political thought. The reflections of its philosophers and the institutions of its cities have served as models and supported intellectual constructions from the end of the Ancient World until the twentieth century, when, it is true, the classical references have slightly faded. Two separate systems distinguish themselves from the others, and have sustained attention not only by their historical importance, but by the persistent practice of later authors of contrasting their laws and their respective social rules : Athens and Sparta. One knows rather well the connection between the Ancient Greek city and the idea of democracy. But the heritage of Sparta is more difficult to define, notably in France. Yet until the end of the eighteenth century, in the realm of political ideas, Sparta was ahead of Athens, and nearly the equal of Rome. Maximilien Robespierre is at the end of the line of reflections about the city of Lycurgus ; he offered a synthesis about it, and promoted the Spartan ideal in Revolutionary France. Indeed, he could find examples and answers for his own aspirations in the history of this city. The submission to the law, the devotion to the patrie, or the regeneration of the citizen through education, are so many traits that made up the reputation of Sparta. The revolutionary context was especially propitious to the revival of these values. Robespierre, then, gave meaning to the use of Sparta in France from the Reformation to the Revolution. He illustrated its role in the construction of republican ideas.