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"Despite the conspicuous presence of nationhood and nationalism in existing studies of media events and rituals, explicit conceptualizations of the link between these media phenomena and nationhood remain scarce. Drawing on existing literature and research on the topic, this article proposes to shift attention away from ceremonial occasions primarily aimed at celebrating national unity, towards the more distressing events and mobilization marathons enacting partition and instituting divisions among nations, ethnicities, cultures, races or religions. It provides a series of propositions regarding the involvement of media events in the transformation of audiences into nations, and discusses two categories of media rituals that are linked closely to contemporary forms of national mobilization: rituals of partition and mobilization marathons. Given the disentanglement of nations and states and the multi-ethnic nature of modern states and media spaces, such media occasions ought to receive more sustained attention in the future." [author's abstract]

■ The article discusses some of the major omissions and simplifications created by established approaches to European communication, in particular the inclination to think of Europeanization primarily, and often exclusively, in relation to things national. It points to the simplistic narrative that sees transnational communication in Europe as a very recent phenomenon, and demonstrates how this narrative glosses over various historical forms of transnational communication in Europe. It then briefly addresses the intellectual roots of this narrative, and argues that they also lead to neglecting the existence of diverse, often competing contemporary forms of Europeanization and transnationalization in public communication. Finally, the article argues that more sustained attention should be paid to subnational patterns of stratification of European communication, particularly those arising along class divisions. ■

ABSTRACT.Many scholars of nationalism seem to assume that religious nationalism is inherently and necessarily hostile to the secular nation‐state and to modern developments in general. The present paper challenges this conviction by drawing on recent debates among sociologists of religion, and it points to the existence of modernist versions of religious nationalism that acknowledge the legitimacy of the secular nation‐state and are generally sympathetic to modern developments. It examines one of the most prominent manifestations of this variety of nationalism, namely Protestant modernist nationalism. After a brief consideration of cases from nineteenth century Europe, the remainder of the paper focuses on the modernist religious nationalisms arising in post‐Cold War Eastern Europe, with a special focus on Slovenia.

Intro -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Democracy in Retreat: Populism, Polarization, and the New Communication Environment as Vehicles of Illiberalism -- 1.2 Eastern Europe: The Frontline of Illiberalism? -- 1.3 Plan of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: The Rise of the Illiberal Public Sphere -- 2.1 Conceptualizing Illiberalism -- 2.2 The Illiberal Public Sphere: A Communicative Approach to Illiberalism -- 2.3 The Three Stages of the Illiberal Public Sphere -- 2.4 Eastern Europe as a Battleground for the Illiberal Public Sphere: The Four Cases -- 2.4.1 Hungary: Towards Illiberal Hegemony -- 2.4.2 Poland: Following in Orbán's Footsteps -- 2.4.3 The Czech Republic: Resisting Illiberal Capture? -- 2.4.4 Serbia: The Renewed Dominance of the Illiberal Public Sphere -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Polarized Media, Polarized Audiences? News Sources and Illiberal Attitudes -- 3.1 Media Polarization: Whither the Centre? -- 3.2 Mapping Liberal Attitudes: Cultural and Constitutional Liberalism -- 3.3 From Individual News Brands to Media Repertoires: Selective Exposure as a Cross-Media Phenomenon -- 3.4 Media Repertoires and Liberal Attitudes -- 3.5 Public Service Media: Channels of Illiberalism, or Harbours for Liberal Audiences? -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Media Trust and News Consumption in the Illiberal Public Sphere -- 4.1 From General Media Trust to Trust in Individual News Brands -- 4.2 Why Do People Consume Media They Distrust? -- 4.3 Finding Trustworthy Information in an Untrustworthy Media Environment: Unpacking the Criteria of Trustworthiness -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Mainstreaming Illiberalism: The Rise of Immigration and LGBTQ+ Rights as Polarizing Issues.

"In From Media Systems to Media Cultures: Understanding Socialist Television, Sabina Mihelj and Simon Huxtable delve into the fascinating world of television under communism, using it to test a new framework for comparative media analysis. To understand the societal consequences of mass communication, the authors argue that we need to move beyond the analysis of media systems, and instead focus on the role of the media in shaping cultural ideals and narratives, everyday practices and routines. Drawing on a wealth of original data derived from archival sources, programme and schedule analysis, and oral history interviews, the authors show how communist authorities managed to harness the power of television to shape new habits and rituals, yet failed to inspire a deeper belief in communist ideals. This book and their analysis contains important implications for the understanding of mass communication in non-democratic settings, and provides tools for the analysis of media cultures globally."--

1. Post-Communist political systems and media freedom and independence / Karol Jakubowicz -- 2. The interplay of politics and economics in transitional societies / Colin Sparks -- 3. Between segmentation and integration : media systems and ethno-cultural diversity in Central and Eastern Europe / Sabina Mihelj -- 4. Gender (in)equality in in post-socialist media / Mojca Pajnik -- 5. Transnational capital, media differentiation, and institutional isomorphism in Central and Eastern European media systems / John Downey -- 6. Transnational media regulation in Central and Eastern Europe / Alison Harcourt -- 7. Back to the local? : transnational media flows and audience consumption patterns in Central and Eastern Europe / Vaclav Stetka.

This paper examines changing representations of women in Chinese television dramas since the early 1990s and interprets them within a framework of global socialist media cultures, considering both domestic developments and transnational trends. Drawing on the analysis of three selected dramas, it traces the trajectory of televised femininity from exemplary socialist worker-citizens devoted to family and community, to more individualized middle-class urbanites. It is tempting to see this transformation as an outcome of China's integration into the global capitalist economy, the attendant retreat of the party-state from the private realm, and the infusion of Western cultural gender ideals. Yet this interpretation downplays important continuities, and misses intriguing parallels with TV dramas produced in socialist Eastern Europe. The argument pays particular attention to the enduring appeal of the socialist-style superwoman who shoulders the double burden of a professional career and unpaid domestic work while also acting as a discerning citizen-consumer.

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Media, Culture and Society and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718810926 ; Debates about the role of media and communication in social change are central to our discipline, yet advances in this field are hampered by disciplinary fragmentation, a lack of shared conceptual language, and limited understanding of long-term shifts in the field. To address this, we first develop a typology that distinguishes between approaches that foreground the role of media and communication as an agent of change, and approaches that treat media and communication as an environment for change. We then use this typology to identify key trends in the field since 1951, including the sharp downturn in work focusing on economic aspects of change after 1985, the decline of grand narratives of social change since 2000, and the parallel return to media effects. We conclude by outlining the key traits of a processual approach to social change, which has the capacity to offer the basis for shared language in the field. This language can enable us to think of media, communication and social change across its varied temporal and social planes, and link together the processes involved in the reproduction of status quo with fundamental changes to social order.