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An enduring contribution of the new institutionalism is its affirmation of the significance of the Progressive era. As a result, we have learned not only how the "big bang" explosion of welfare legislation in the New Deal rests upon structures and precedents set in the early twentieth-century decades, but also how this early reform period continues to influence contemporary policies and politics. Alan Dawley, Bruce Ackerman, and Morton Keller, for example, point to an activist state established in the Progressive era to check a laissez-faire governing system as the foundation of subsequent New Deal accomplishments upon which reformers built "where progressives had left off." Theda Skocpol adds a cross-national perspective, showing how the American welfare state instituted in the early twentieth century evidenced a distinctive "maternalist" dynamic oriented toward addressing women's economic needs, in contrast to "paternalistic" norms in Western European nations assisting male workers.

Examines pregnancy & consent within the abortion debate in the context of good samaritan arguments initiated by Judith Jarvis Thomson (1986). Drawing on legal & medical definitions, the abortion issue is reframed as the right of a woman to consent to what will be done to her body by the fetus. This argument shifts abortion rights from decisional autonomy to bodily integrity affirmed by samaritan case law. Recasting abortion as a response to nonconsensual pregnancy opens new grounds guaranteeing women's reproductive rights. 22 References. Adapted from the source document.

I draw upon state-building and legislative literatures to investigate how constituency-based representative institutions in the Progressive Era nationalized innovative public policies, thereby expanding the authority of the federal government as a component of the modern American state developing at that time. Using state-level referenda votes as measures of grassroots views, multivariate analysis discloses the impact of district opinion, as well as party and district economy, as major determinants of House roll call voting on landmark regulatory legislation authorizing federal intervention in market relationships, state suffrage qualifications, and life-style behaviors involving intoxicating beverages.

The 1900–1920 decades of the Progressive Era constitute a seminal period in American political history, evinced by successful invocation of government authority to contend with consequences of life in an urban, industrial, multicultural society. Legislative precedents established at the state and national level used public power to meet the needs of citizens unable individually to defend themselves against social and economic problems stemming from the brutal, take-off stage of industrial capitalism in the United States. Many scholars view the political transition marking these decades as profoundly significant for the development of public policies, if not for the very creation of the modern American state. This research investigates the electoral bases of national policy innovation in the Progressive Era.

This paper argues that the exchange theories of sociological utilitarianism should be combined with ethical theories premised on the intrinsic value of human life in order to understand more completely the components of human interaction. This is necessary because each theory relies on a distinct social-psychological dimension of human behavior: ethical theories explicate the concept of the "self," which psychologically functions as evidence that the individual "exists," whereas social exchange theories explicate the narcissistic concept of "self-image," defined as the pleasure and/or pain of existence. It is further argued that a particularized combination of self and self-image produces an individual's concept of "identity." The value of integrating these concepts into an analysis of human interaction is most easily seen when applied to traumatic human interaction. Here the resulting psychological damage can be effectively analyzed and better understood by reference to these three dimensions: self, based on a principle of ethics; self-image, based on a principle of utility; and identity, based on a particularized combination of self and self-image. This treatment of traumatic human interaction synthesizes literature on social exchange (especially the work of George Homans), ethical theories of human value (especially the work of Lawrence Kohlberg), literature on trauma (especially that of Robert Jay Lifton), as well as psychological theories of self, self-image, and identity (especially the work of Kernberg, Kohut, and Erikson), thereby contributing a new perspective to our understanding of the bases of human interaction.