This study analysed the differences in self-perception, goal orientation and participation in physical activity (PA) in girls (N= 244) attending military schools. Girls had moderately higher levels of perceived competence, and there were no significant differences between age-groups. The figure for task-orientation was higher than ego-orientation. Girls expressed a positive attitude toward school and PE. Most girls did not practiced PA outside school, but 63,9% were involved in school sports. It seems that the military educational institutions are being successful in helping students to adopt physically active lifestyles. The development of perception of competence, task-orientation, and favourable attitudes seem to be important factors to enhance the levels of PA among students. ; Este estudio analiza las diferencias en la percepción, orientación de meta y participación en la actividad física (AF) en chicas (N= 244) de escuelas militares. Estas chicas tienen niveles moderadamente más altos de competencia percibida, y no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edad. Las cifras correspondientes de orientación a la tarea fue mayor que la de orientación al ego. La mayoría expresó una actitud positiva hacia la escuela y la Educación Física. La generalidad de las niñas no practicaba AF fuera de la escuela, sin embargo 63,9% participaban en el deporte escolar en la escuela. Parece que las instituciones educativas militares están siendo exitosas en ayudar a los estudiantes a adoptar estilos de vida activos. El desarrollo de la percepción de competencia, orientación a la tarea y las actitudes favorables parecen mejorar los niveles de AF entre las estudiantes.
This study analysed the differences in self-perception, goal orientation and participation in physical activity (PA) in girls (N= 244) attending military schools. Girls had moderately higher levels of perceived competence, and there were no significant differences between age-groups. The figure for task-orientation was higher than ego-orientation. Girls expressed a positive attitude toward school and PE. Most girls did not practiced PA outside school, but 63,9% were involved in school sports. It seems that the military educational institutions are being successful in helping students to adopt physically active lifestyles. The development of perception of competence, task-orientation, and favourable attitudes seem to be important factors to enhance the levels of PA among students. ; Este estudio analiza las diferencias en la percepción, orientación de meta y participación en la actividad física (AF) en chicas (N= 244) de escuelas militares. Estas chicas tienen niveles moderadamente más altos de competencia percibida, y no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edad. Las cifras correspondientes de orientación a la tarea fue mayor que la de orientación al ego. La mayoría expresó una actitud positiva hacia la escuela y la Educación Física. La generalidad de las niñas no practicaba AF fuera de la escuela, sin embargo 63,9% participaban en el deporte escolar en la escuela. Parece que las instituciones educativas militares están siendo exitosas en ayudar a los estudiantes a adoptar estilos de vida activos. El desarrollo de la percepción de competencia, orientación a la tarea y las actitudes favorables parecen mejorar los niveles de AF entre las estudiantes.
Abstract. Summer heatwaves are becoming increasingly dangerous over Europe, and their close monitoring is essential for human activities. Typically, they are monitored using the 2 m temperature from meteorological weather stations or reanalysis datasets. In this study, the 2022 extremely warm summer over Europe is analysed using satellite land surface temperature (LST), specifically the LSA SAF (Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility) all-sky LST product (available from 2004 onwards). Since climate applications of LST are still poorly explored, heatwave diagnostics derived from satellite observations are compared with those derived using ERA5/ERA5-Land reanalysis data. Results highlight the exceptionality of 2022 in different metrics such as the mean LST anomaly, area under extreme heat conditions, number of hot days and heatwave magnitude index. In all metrics, 2022 ranked first when compared with the remaining years. Compared to 2018 (next in all rankings), 2022 exceeded its LST anomaly by 0.7 °C and each pixel had on average 7 more hot days. Satellite LST complements reanalysis diagnostics, as higher LST anomalies occur over areas under severe drought, indicating a higher control and amplification of the heatwave by surface processes and vegetation stress. These cross-cutting diagnostics increase the confidence across satellite data records and reanalyses, fostering their usage in climate applications.
BACKGROUND: Participation in mental health system strengthening by people with mental health problems and their families is a cornerstone of people-centred mental health care, yet there is a dearth of research about participation from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly from the Asia Pacific region. Hence, this study aimed to assess the current situation, challenges, enabling factors and future actions for service user and family participation in mental health policy making in Timor-Leste. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 85 adults (≥18 years) who were: (1) mental health service users (n = 20) and their families (n = 10); (2) government decision makers (n = 10); (3) mental health and social service providers (n = 23); (4) civil society (n = 9); and (5) other groups (n = 13). Interview data was analysed using framework analysis. RESULTS: There was limited service user, family and community participation in mental health policy making in Timor-Leste. Perceptions that policy making is a technical exercise and that people with mental health problems lack cognitive capacity, and a lack of supportive mechanisms challenged participation. Enabling factors were a strong focus on human rights within the social sector, and existing mechanisms for advocacy and representation of people with disabilities in social policy making. Participants suggested bolstering civil society representation of people with mental health problems, and increasing mental health awareness and literacy, including government competencies to facilitate service user participation. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the need for theoretical and practical focus on the role of family within mental health system development in LMICs. Global mental health research and practice should adopt a critical approach to mental health service user and family participation to ensure that the concept and strategies to achieve this are embedded in LMIC knowledge.
BACKGROUND: Participation in mental health system strengthening by people with mental health problems and their families is a cornerstone of people-centred mental health care, yet there is a dearth of research about participation from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly from the Asia Pacific region. Hence, this study aimed to assess the current situation, challenges, enabling factors and future actions for service user and family participation in mental health policy making in Timor-Leste. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 85 adults (≥18 years) who were: (1) mental health service users (n = 20) and their families (n = 10); (2) government decision makers (n = 10); (3) mental health and social service providers (n = 23); (4) civil society (n = 9); and (5) other groups (n = 13). Interview data was analysed using framework analysis. RESULTS: There was limited service user, family and community participation in mental health policy making in Timor-Leste. Perceptions that policy making is a technical exercise and that people with mental health problems lack cognitive capacity, and a lack of supportive mechanisms challenged participation. Enabling factors were a strong focus on human rights within the social sector, and existing mechanisms for advocacy and representation of people with disabilities in social policy making. Participants suggested bolstering civil society representation of people with mental health problems, and increasing mental health awareness and literacy, including government competencies to facilitate service user participation. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the need for theoretical and practical focus on the role of family within mental health system development in LMICs. Global mental health research and practice should adopt a critical approach to mental health service user and family participation to ensure that the concept and strategies to achieve this are embedded in LMIC knowledge.
BACKGROUND: Social inclusion is a human right for all people, including people with mental illness. It is also an important part of recovery from mental illness. In Timor-Leste, no research has investigated the social experiences of people with mental illness and their families. To fill this knowledge gap and inform ongoing mental health system strengthening, we investigated the experiences of social inclusion and exclusion of people with mental illness and their families in Timor-Leste. METHODS: Eighty-five participants from the following stakeholder groups across multiple locations in Timor-Leste were interviewed: (1) people with mental illness and their families; (2) mental health and social service providers; (3) government decision makers; (4) civil society members; and (5) other community members. Framework analysis was used to analyse interview transcripts. RESULTS: People with mental illness in Timor-Leste were found to face widespread, multi-faceted sociocultural, economic and political exclusion. People with mental illness were stigmatised as a consequence of beliefs that they were dangerous and lacked capacity, and experienced instances of bullying, physical and sexual violence, and confinement. Several barriers to formal employment, educational, social protection and legal systems were identified. Experiences of social inclusion for people with mental illness were also described at family and community levels. People with mental illness were included through family and community structures that promoted unity and acceptance. They also had opportunities to participate in activities surrounding family life and livelihoods that contributed to intergenerational well-being. Some, but not all, Timorese people with mental illness benefited from disability-inclusive programming and policies, including the disability pension, training programs and peer support. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need to combat social exclusion of people with mental illness and their families by harnessing local Timorese sociocultural strengths. Such an approach could centre around people with mental illness and their families to: increase population mental health awareness; bolster rights-based and culturally-grounded mental health services; and promote inclusive and accessible services and systems across sectors.
Worldwide, the prevalence of child obesity is increasing, which is the cause of great preoccupation for governments and health politics developers. The purpose of this study was to examine differences of ability and body image perceptions related to weight status in children and adolescents and explore them as correlates of BMI. Two thousand five hundred and sixty nine adolescents participated in the study (1303 boys, 1266 girls; M age=13.3±2.4 years). The students were questioned about perceptions of ability and body image, and the body mass index was calculated. Findings revealed that overweight participants felt less athletic, agile, fast and fit and had overall lower self-image perception than normal weight participants; regardless of the age, perceptions of elegance and body mass decreased significantly with increasing BMI. Taking in consideration the dangers of overweight related to the perception of body image, it is important to start to develop effective intervention programs that combine physical activity and psychological support, exploring the benefits of strength training.
Worldwide, the prevalence of child obesity is increasing, which is the cause of great preoccupation for governments and health politics developers. The purpose of this study was to examine differences of ability and body image perceptions related to weight status in children and adolescents and explore them as correlates of BMI. Two thousand five hundred and sixty nine adolescents participated in the study (1303 boys, 1266 girls; M age=13.3±2.4 years). The students were questioned about perceptions of ability and body image, and the body mass index was calculated. Findings revealed that overweight participants felt less athletic, agile, fast and fit and had overall lower self-image perception than normal weight participants; regardless of the age, perceptions of elegance and body mass decreased significantly with increasing BMI. Taking in consideration the dangers of overweight related to the perception of body image, it is important to start to develop effective intervention programs that combine physical activity and psychological support, exploring the benefits of strength training.
The aim of this paper is to assess the reliability of the government deficit and debt figures reported to the European Commission by Member States. Reliability is one of the several dimensions of quality in statistics ; it refers to the magnitudes of data revisions after the publication of the first outcomes. The measurement of the data reliability and inference about potential future revisions are particularly relevant for fiscal surveillance in the EU since statistical institutes take a long time – usually four years – to provide final data, while the decisions on the Stability and Growth Pact context are taken on the basis of the first estimates available shortly after the end of each year. The paper shows that there are very significant differences in reliability among Member States and indicates the margins of uncertainty in relation to the most recent years' data. It also compares the reliability of deficit and debt figures ; checks that the shift from ESA79 to ESA95 did not generally harm the reliability of data and suggests that the size of deficits may have an impact on the way statistical offices revise data
[EN] For more than a decade, the European Union has been implementing an ambitious energy policy focused on reducing CO2 emissions, increasing the use of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. This paper investigates the factors that hinder the application of renewable energy technologies (RETs) in existing university buildings in Spain and Portugal. Following a qualitative methodology, 33 technicians working in the infrastructure management offices of 24 universities have been interviewed. The factors identified have been classified into economic-financial, administrative and legislative barriers, architectural, urban planning, technological, networking, social acceptance, institutional and others. It is concluded that there have not been sufficient economic incentives to carry out RETs projects in this type of building. Conditioning factors can act individually or jointly, generating a greater effect. Most participants consider that there are no social acceptance barriers. Knowledge of these determinants can facilitate actions that help implement this technology on university campuses in both countries. ; This research received funds given by the Department of Civil Engineering and Building (University of Castilla-La Mancha), for covering part cost of manuscript¿s publication ; Fuentes-Del-Burgo, J.; Navarro Astor, E.; Monteiro Ramos, NM.; Martins, JP. (2021). Exploring the critical barriers to the implementation of renewable technologies in existing univeristy buildings. Sustainability. 13(22):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212662 ; S ; 1 ; 24 ; 13 ; 22
1 24 13 22 ; S ; [EN] For more than a decade, the European Union has been implementing an ambitious energy policy focused on reducing CO2 emissions, increasing the use of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. This paper investigates the factors that hinder the application of renewable energy technologies (RETs) in existing university buildings in Spain and Portugal. Following a qualitative methodology, 33 technicians working in the infrastructure management offices of 24 universities have been interviewed. The factors identified have been classified into economic-financial, administrative and legislative barriers, architectural, urban planning, technological, networking, social acceptance, institutional and others. It is concluded that there have not been sufficient economic incentives to carry out RETs projects in this type of building. Conditioning factors can act individually or jointly, generating a greater effect. Most participants consider that there are no social acceptance barriers. Knowledge of these determinants can facilitate actions that help implement this technology on university campuses in both countries. This research received funds given by the Department of Civil Engineering and Building (University of Castilla-La Mancha), for covering part cost of manuscript¿s publication Fuentes-Del-Burgo, J.; Navarro Astor, E.; Monteiro Ramos, NM.; Martins, JP. (2021). Exploring the critical barriers to the implementation of renewable technologies in existing univeristy buildings. Sustainability. 13(22):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212662
"This publication gives a different perspective of cultural tourism with some updated theoretical frameworks of the topics in analysis, complemented with case studies, best practices and some data related to international and differentiated tourism contexts (urban, natural, rural, historical centers)"--
Abstract. This study analyzed and compared the physical, social and political stimuli of the school environment for the physical activity (PA) and the practice of PA for adolescents of both sexes in two secondary schools with different physical education (PE) programs. Four managers and 624 adolescents (326 boys) participated, aged between 14 and 17 years. Mixed methods were used, through interviews with managers, document analysis and questionnaires applied to students. The physical, social and school policies for PE were evaluated. After the analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference regarding the practice of PA between schools, with the majority of students being insufficiently active. One of the schools had more favorable conditions for PA compared to the others, obtaining the best scores regarding the perceived environment for PA, the only significant difference being observed. It was concluded that schools did not offer enough stimuli to influence students' active behavior. ; Resumen. Este estudio analizó y comparó los estímulos físicos, sociales y políticos del entorno escolar para la actividad física (AF) y la práctica de AF de adolescentes de ambos sexos en dos escuelas secundarias con diferentes programas de educación física (EF). Participaron cuatro directivos y 624 adolescentes (326 niños), con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años. Se utilizaron métodos mixtos, a través de entrevistas con gerentes, análisis de documentos y cuestionarios aplicados a los estudiantes. Se evaluaron las políticas físicas, sociales y escolares para la educación física. Después de los análisis, se encontró que no había una diferencia significativa con respecto a la práctica de AF entre las escuelas, con la mayoría de los estudiantes siendo insuficientemente activos. Una de las escuelas tenía condiciones más favorables para la AF en comparación con la otra, obteniendo los mejores puntajes con respecto al entorno percibido para la AF, siendo la única diferencia significativa observada. Se concluyó que las escuelas no ofrecían suficientes estímulos para influir en el comportamiento activo de los estudiantes. ; Resumo. Este estudo analisou e comparou os estímulos físicos, sociais e políticos do ambiente escolar para atividade física (AF) e a prática de AF dos adolescentes de ambos os sexos em duas escolas secundárias com programas de educação física (EF) distintos. Participaram quatro gestores e 624 adolescentes (326 rapazes), com idades entre 14 e 17 anos. Utilizou-se mixed methods, através de entrevistas com gestores, análise documental e questionários aplicados aos alunos. Foram avaliados: o ambiente físico, social e a política da escola para EF. Após as análises, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa quanto a prática de AF entre as escolas, sendo a maioria dos alunos insuficientemente ativos. Uma das escolas possuía condições mais favoráveis à AF em relação a outra, obtendo os melhores escores quanto ao ambiente percebido para AF, sendo a única diferença significativa observada. Conclui-se que as escolas não ofereceram estímulos suficientes para influenciar o comportamento ativo dos alunos. Resumen. Este estudio analizó y comparó los estímulos físicos, sociales y políticos del entorno escolar para la actividad física (AF) y la práctica de AF de adolescentes de ambos sexos en dos escuelas secundarias con diferentes programas de educación física (EF). Participaron cuatro directivos y 624 adolescentes (326 niños), con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años. Se utilizaron métodos mixtos, a través de entrevistas con gerentes, análisis de documentos y cuestionarios aplicados a los estudiantes. Se evaluaron las políticas físicas, sociales y escolares para la educación física. Después de los análisis, se encontró que no había una diferencia significativa con respecto a la práctica de AF entre las escuelas, con la mayoría de los estudiantes siendo insuficientemente activos. Una de las escuelas tenía condiciones más favorables para la AF en comparación con la otra, obteniendo los mejores puntajes con respecto al entorno percibido para la AF, siendo la única diferencia significativa observada. Se concluyó que las escuelas no ofrecían suficientes estímulos para influir en el comportamiento activo de los estudiantes. Abstract. This study analyzed and compared the physical, social and political stimuli of the school environment for the physical activity (PA) and the practice of PA for adolescents of both sexes in two secondary schools with different physical education (PE) programs. Four managers and 624 adolescents (326 boys) participated, aged between 14 and 17 years. Mixed methods were used, through interviews with managers, document analysis and questionnaires applied to students. The physical, social and school policies for PE were evaluated. After the analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference regarding the practice of PA between schools, with the majority of students being insufficiently active. One of the schools had more favorable conditions for PA compared to the others, obtaining the best scores regarding the perceived environment for PA, the only significant difference being observed. It was concluded that schools did not offer enough stimuli to influence students' active behavior.
