Two studies were conducted to validate the so-called HEalthy and Resilient Organization (HERO) Model. Results from Study 1 provided validity and psychometric support for a new measure designed to assess HEROs composed by semistructured interviews with the CEOs of 14 companies as well as questionnaires for their stakeholders (710 employees, 84 work-units, their immediate supervisors, and 860 customers). In Study 2, SEM (using data aggregated at the work-unit level, which consisted of 303 teams and their supervisors from 43 companies) showed that healthy employees fully mediated the positive relationship between healthy organizational resources and practices, and healthy organizational outcomes (assessed by supervisors). Moreover, regression analyses (at the organizational level, with 2,098 customers) showed that employees' excellent performance positively predicts customer loyalty and satisfaction with the company.
The General System of Professional Risk GSPR in Colombia has as one of its principal objetives, the diagnostic, prevention and handling of the professional illnes. This process however due to the structural characteristic of the integral social security system, is a generator of confl icts because it converges series of general and private interests, which breaks out into a lot of tension between the actors of the same, with forces of a different magnitude which conducts in saving its leven of complexity and difficulty.For the reasons above explained, the professional illness in Colombia has one of the lowest indexes of incidence compared to many other countries, due to the fact that it affects the worker and the companies to whom they belong.In spite of the fact that the National Government, through the Ministry of Social Protection has made efforts as to improve the diagnostic process of the professional illness, they did not succeed in a signifi cant change.The prospective research developed in this investigation, evaluated the relations between the variables involved and the group of actors through the prospective method of Godet, as to generate alternative scenerios of the future, which permits the options which can be considered introducing changes to the actual conditions of the sistem GSPR, in such way that it would be possible to reach the attractor scenery derived of the SMIC application in which is obtained an improvement of the diagnostic of the professional disease and from which privention programs con be started in accordance with the magnitude of the problem in Colombia. The above facts will certainly grow out into enormouns benefi ts for the workers as well as for the companies and reduce the chain of procedures which are used upto now to achieve these results, because it are exactly these procedures of diagnostics and handling which results in late defi nitions and fi nally end up legal instances which lead to the juditialization of the system, as is happening now in the General Social Health Security Sistem. ; El Sistema General de Riesgos Profesionales en Colombia tiene como uno de sus principales objetivos la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de la enfermedad profesional, este proceso, sin embargo, por las características estructurales del Sistema de Seguridad Social Integral, es generador de confl icto, porque en él confl uyen una serie de intereses generales y particulares, que hacen que se desate una serie de tensiones entre los actores del mismo, con fuerzas de diferente magnitud, que conducen a elevar su nivel de complejidad y difi cultad. La enfermedad profesional en Colombia, por las razones expuestas tiene una de las tasas de incidencia más bajas entre muchos países, hecho que ocasiona perjuicios para los trabajadores y para las empresas a las que pertenecen. A pesar de que el gobierno nacional, por intermedio del Ministerio de la protección Social ha venido desarrollando esfuerzos para mejorar los procesos de diagnóstico de la enfermedad profesional, no se ha logrado un cambio muy signifi cativo.El estudio prospectivo que se desarrolló en esta investigación evaluó mediante la metodología prospectiva de Godet las relaciones entre las variables involucradas y el juego de actores, con el fi n de generar escenarios alternos de futuro que permitan vislumbrar las opciones que se pueden considerar para introducir cambios a la condición actual del sistema, de tal manera que sea posible llegar al escenario atractor derivado del ejercicio SMIC, en el cual pueda lograrse una mejora en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad profesional, a partir de lo cual se inicien programas de prevención acordes con la magnitud del problema en Colombia, hecho que de seguro redundará en inmensos benefi cios para los trabajadores y para las empresas y reducirá la cadena trámites que se llevan a cabo hoy en día para lograrlo, hecho que conduce a que la mayor parte de los trámites de diagnóstico y manejo se encentren en espera de defi nición y haciendo curso en instancias legales, lo cual conduce a la judicialización del sistema, como ocurre hoy en día en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud.
La integración del mercado eléctrico en Centroamérica se comenzó a consolidar con la implementación de diferentes políticas estabilizadoras logrando avances en la armonización de los marcos regulatorios y la creación de instituciones que ayuden a un adecuado proceso. Después de establecer redes de interconexión bilaterales entre los países, se está construyendo una línea que permita alcanzar un comercio integrado, minimizando la posibilidad de crisis en el suministro, aprovechando la complementariedad en la forma de generación de energía, la competitividad vía precios por la disminución en los costos y la confiabilidad en el suministro; factores que Colombia puede explotar para consolidar su posición como país exportador de electricidad. ; The integration of the electric market in Central América began to consolidate with the implementation of different stabilizing politics achieving advances in the harmonization of the regulatory frameworks and the creation of institutions that help an adequate process. After establishing networks of bilateral interconnection among the countries, a line is being built, that permits to reach an integrate commerce, minimizing the possibility of crisis in the supply, taking advantage of the complementarity in the energy generation form, competitive prices by the decrease in costs and confidence in the supply. All theses factors could be exploited by Colombia to consolidate its position as exporting country of electricity. Key words:
A pesar de que cada día se cuenta con más evidencia sobre el impacto de esta pandemia en las juventudes de México y el mundo, entender las múltiples dimensiones que afectan la vida de poblaciones específicas, como es la indígena, es prioritario para poder orientar y redirigir medidas y acciones institucionales para atender sus necesidades y garantizar sus derechos. Por ello, además de incorporar técnicas participativas con las juventudes indígenas, el estudio también incluye un mapeo de decisiones y medidas que el gobierno de Yucatán tomó durante 2021 para hacer frente a la emergencia sanitaria y reactivar la economía del estado. ¿Es relevante este apoyo y llega a las juventudes indígenas del estado? --- Although evidence about the impact of COVID-19 on youth is rapidly increasing in Mexico and around the globe, there is insufficient evidence on the multiple ways the pandemic is affecting indigenous youth. In addition to incorporating participatory techniques with this population, the study includes a mapping of decisions and government measures undertaken by Yucatan State during 2021 to support them. The purpose of this report is to provide evidence to guide and redirect measures and institutional actions that target the needs of indigenous youth and guarantee their human rights.
Diese Studie präsentiert eine umfassende Auslegeordnung, wie sich die Covid-19-Pandemie entlang der Einkommensverteilung in der Schweiz ausgewirkt hat. Grundlage der Analyse sind sechs Befragungswellen des sotomo/SRF-Bevölkerungsmonitorings, welche die Situation der Haushalte in der Schweiz seit Beginn der Pandemie systematisch beschreiben. Die Analyse berücksichtigt dabei den Einfluss der Krise auf das Einkommen, die Ausgaben, Ersparnisse, das persönliche Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit der Haushalte sowie den Zusammenhang zwischen Pandemie, Haushaltseinkommen und dem Vertrauen in die Politik und die Medien. Generell zeigt sich, dass die Pandemie bestehende Ungleichheiten verschärft. Haushalte am unteren Ende der Einkommensverteilung sind in den meisten Dimensionen - teils deutlich - stärker von der Krise betroffen als reichere Haushalte. So vermelden Personen, die zu einem Haushalt mit sehr tiefem Haushaltseinkommen von unter 4 000 Franken gehören, im Schnitt einen sehr starken Einkommensrückgang von 20 Prozent. Bei Personen aus Haushalten mit einem Monatseinkommen von mehr als 16 000 Franken sind die Einkommen um 8 Prozent gesunken. Die Einkommenssituation von Befragten mit einem Haushaltseinkommen unter 4 000 Franken hat sich zudem auch nach Ende des Lockdowns im Sommer 2020 kaum verbessert. Im Gegensatz dazu sind die Einkommensrückgänge der anderen Einkommenskategorien in den zwei späteren Befragungswellen (Oktober 2020 und Januar 2021) geringer als in den beiden Erhebungen davor, die inmitten bzw. am Ende des ersten Lockdowns stattfanden. Die Einkommensveränderung infolge der Pandemie hängt stark damit zusammen, wie sich die Erwerbssituation veränderte. Bei Befragten, die weiterhin einer Erwerbstätigkeit nachgingen, ist das Haushaltseinkommen im Schnitt wenig oder gar nicht zurückgegangen. In Haushalten mit Personen, in denen der Umfrageteilnehmer arbeitslos wurde, kam es zu grossen Einkommensverlusten. Bedeutende Einkommensrückgänge verzeichneten auch viele Selbständige. Unter Befragten, die von Kurzarbeit betroffen waren, waren die Einkommensrückgange zwar etwas geringer, mit durchschnittlich rund 20 Prozent aber trotzdem gross. Betrachtet man die Entwicklung entlang der Einkommensverteilung zeigt sich erstens, dass Personen aus einkommensschwachen Haushalten häufiger von einer nachteiligen Entwicklung der Erwerbsituation betroffen waren. Rund ein Drittel der Befragten aus Haushalten mit Einkommen unter 4 000 Franken, die vor der Krise einer Erwerbsarbeit nachgingen, wurden im Verlauf der Krise arbeitslos oder mussten Kurzarbeitsgeld beziehen. Bei der obersten Einkommensklasse (Haushaltseinkommen über 16 000 Franken) war es ein Sechstel der Befragten. Zweitens zeigt sich, dass die Einkommenseinbussen in allen Erwerbssituationen für Personen aus Haushalten am untersten Ende der Einkommensverteilung jeweils am grössten waren. Besonders gross waren die Einkommensrückgänge unter den Befragten aus Haushalten in der untersten Einkommensklasse, die arbeitslos wurden (-50 Prozent). ; Finanziert durch Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG, Enterprise 4 Society Center und KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle. Datenzugang von Forschungsstelle sotomo
The Population Council's Girl Innovation, Research, and Learning (GIRL) Center hosted a virtual webinar on Tuesday, October 26, bringing together evidence from two country-level studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent lives in Kenya and Mexico. To reflect on the government-research partnership behind these efforts, government partners shared their perspectives, lessons learned, and the future of evidence-based policy action to support adolescents.
La diabetes Mellitus Tipo II, es una de las enfermedades crónicas con mayor impacto en el gasto sanitario. Además de sus graves complicaciones como la falla renal crónica y la retinopatía diabética, suelen asociarse otras comorbilidades que incrementan el riesgo clínico y la polifarmacia correspondiente. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de gestión de riesgos económicos y epidemiológicos a partir del análisis de prevalencia por género, diagnóstico y costos hospitalarios asociados, de la Diabetes Tipo II y sus comorbilidades en Colombia. Metodología: A partir de los datos de hospitalización y costes asociados del Hospital Universitario Mederi de Bogotá para los años 2017-2018. Se realiza un estudio descriptivo transversal de costos por tipología. Se analizan las diferencias estadísticamente significativas de estancias y costes medios por género, morbilidad y diagnósticos. Resultados: El Hospital Mederi tuvo un total de 41.113 egresos en 2017 y 45.605 en 2018 con un promedio de estancia 6.8 en 2017 y 6.4 en 2018. Los pacientes diabéticos suponen aproximadamente el 25% y presentan una estancia media de 5 días. Se observan diferencias significativas de género en la estancia media. El gasto total estimado para pacientes diabéticos, con y sin comorbilidades asociadas, fue de $ US 2.204.860 (30,1%) para 2017 y de $ US 2.192.365 (27,2%) para 2018. Aproximadamente, el 40% de los ingresos se deben a 20 diagnósticos principales que originan un 30% del coste total. Las principales comorbilidades asociadas a la diabetes, son: Infección de vías Urinarias, Hipertensión arterial, Insuficiencia cardiaca y Enfermedad Isquémica Coronaria. Conclusiones: El modelo de gestión de riesgos se basa en el estudio del gasto en servicios sanitarios oca- sionados por la diabetes y sus comorbilidades, éste impacta significativamente en el presu- puesto de los servicios de salud, siendo el gasto farmacéutico el de mayor peso relativo. El gasto en hombres es mayor que en mujeres. ; It is commonly recognized that innovation is essential for the growth and well-being of economies. Companies, as agents of innovation systems, play a fundamental role in the innovative activity of economies. Nevertheless, the existence of barriers to innovation are translated into a low willingness to innovate by companies despite being an important element of competitiveness. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of companies in the Extremadura region (Spain) based on the perceptions they have about these two variables: willingness to innovate and assessing innovation as an essential element of competitiveness. These two perceptions are fundamental when deciding to innovate. It also influences the perception of government intervention to encourage innovation and the type of actions that would be demanded by companies to be encouraged to innovate or continue carrying out innovative activities. In order to reach this objective, we elaborate an ad hoc questionnaire focused mainly on variables related to innovation and other additional aspects. We contacted a representative sample of companies of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura. First, companies are classified based on two perception variables: willingness to innovate and competitiveness, allowing to distinguish 4 differentiated profiles. Then, companies are characterized based on a series of variables as size; activity sector; innovation and types of innovation; export activity; obstacles to innovation perceived; and what types of public actions in order to boost innovation are demanded by the firms. The results are compared and discussed for two data waves (2011 and 2013). The profiles obtained relate especially to different obstacles to innovation perceived and different public actions demanded. As a practical implication, it is considered that this characterization can be useful in the design of regional public policies to stimulate innovation.
Giving the crucial role of organizational context in shaping individual attitudes and behaviors at work, in this research we studied the effects of collective work-unit perceptions of social context on individual work resilience and two key individual outcomes: job satisfaction and job performance as rated by the supervisor. We theorized that collective perceptions of social context act as antecedents of individual variables, and that individual job satisfaction mediates the relationship between collective perceptions of social context and job performance, and between work resilience and job performance over time. A sample of 305 white-collar employees, clustered in 67 work-units, participated in the study. Hierarchical linear modeling highlighted that collective perceptions of social context are significant related to individual work resilience. Moreover, results showed that individual job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between collective perceptions of social context and individual job performance and the relationship between individual work resilience and individual job performance. At a practical level, results suggest that interventions on collective perceptions of social context may increase work resilience, job satisfaction and job performance over time at the individual level.
El Sistema General de Riesgos Profesionales en Colombia tiene como uno de sus principales objetivos la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de la enfermedad profesional, este proceso, sin embargo, por las características estructurales del Sistema de Seguridad Social Integral, es generador de confl icto, porque en él confl uyen una serie de intereses generales y particulares, que hacen que se desate una serie de tensiones entre los actores del mismo, con fuerzas de diferente magnitud, que conducen a elevar su nivel de complejidad y difi cultad. La enfermedad profesional en Colombia, por las razones expuestas tiene una de las tasas de incidencia más bajas entre muchos países, hecho que ocasiona perjuicios para los trabajadores y para las empresas a las que pertenecen. A pesar de que el gobierno nacional, por intermedio del Ministerio de la protección Social ha venido desarrollando esfuerzos para mejorar los procesos de diagnóstico de la enfermedad profesional, no se ha logrado un cambio muy signifi cativo.El estudio prospectivo que se desarrolló en esta investigación evaluó mediante la metodología prospectiva de Godet las relaciones entre las variables involucradas y el juego de actores, con el fi n de generar escenarios alternos de futuro que permitan vislumbrar las opciones que se pueden considerar para introducir cambios a la condición actual del sistema, de tal manera que sea posible llegar al escenario atractor derivado del ejercicio SMIC, en el cual pueda lograrse una mejora en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad profesional, a partir de lo cual se inicien programas de prevención acordes con la magnitud del problema en Colombia, hecho que de seguro redundará en inmensos benefi cios para los trabajadores y para las empresas y reducirá la cadena trámites que se llevan a cabo hoy en día para lograrlo, hecho que conduce a que la mayor parte de los trámites de diagnóstico y manejo se encentren en espera de defi nición y haciendo curso en instancias legales, lo cual conduce a la judicialización del sistema, como ocurre hoy en día en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud. ; The General System of Professional Risk GSPR in Colombia has as one of its principal objetives, the diagnostic, prevention and handling of the professional illnes. This process however due to the structural characteristic of the integral social security system, is a generator of confl icts because it converges series of general and private interests, which breaks out into a lot of tension between the actors of the same, with forces of a different magnitude which conducts in saving its leven of complexity and difficulty.For the reasons above explained, the professional illness in Colombia has one of the lowest indexes of incidence compared to many other countries, due to the fact that it affects the worker and the companies to whom they belong.In spite of the fact that the National Government, through the Ministry of Social Protection has made efforts as to improve the diagnostic process of the professional illness, they did not succeed in a signifi cant change.The prospective research developed in this investigation, evaluated the relations between the variables involved and the group of actors through the prospective method of Godet, as to generate alternative scenerios of the future, which permits the options which can be considered introducing changes to the actual conditions of the sistem GSPR, in such way that it would be possible to reach the attractor scenery derived of the SMIC application in which is obtained an improvement of the diagnostic of the professional disease and from which privention programs con be started in accordance with the magnitude of the problem in Colombia. The above facts will certainly grow out into enormouns benefi ts for the workers as well as for the companies and reduce the chain of procedures which are used upto now to achieve these results, because it are exactly these procedures of diagnostics and handling which results in late defi nitions and fi nally end up legal instances which lead to the juditialization of the system, as is happening now in the General Social Health Security Sistem.
BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were stronger during the first months of it. It has also been proposed that those impacts depended on gender and other social determinants. AIMS: We aim to describe the change in prevalence of mental health problems (symptoms of common mental disorders [CMD], alcohol, and drug use) between two time periods during the pandemic, and the association of mental health problems with social determinants, in adolescents and young adults in Mexico. METHODS: We conducted a repeated cross-section analysis of data from VoCes-19, an online survey in November 2020 to February 2021 and November 2021 to March 2022 (combined n = ×224,099). We assessed the change in the prevalence of mental health problems, the differences in prevalence and change in the prevalence by gender, and the association of social determinants and pandemic-related variables with mental health problems, by means of multivariate regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD decreased (46.0% vs. 42.4%), while the prevalence of alcohol (frequent use 8.4% vs. 10.3%) and drug use (4.6% vs. 7.7%) increased. The three conditions increased more among girls/young women and trans/queer/non-binary participants than among boys/young men. CONCLUSIONS: The results point to the importance of considering the gendered social context of young people. A better understanding of the social circumstances that relate with mental health is required to inform interventions for these age groups.
This study investigates the effects of e-groups on well-being and performance, using a collective approach and an objective performance indicator. Furthermore, it includes collective efficacy as a moderator and negative (anxiety) as well as positive (engagement) well-being. A lab experiment with an interval of 3 weeks was performed among 140 students who were randomly distributed across 18 groups using a chat-internet program and 10 groups working face to face. Half the groups performed under time pressure. Results confirm the moderating role of perceived collective efficacy on well-being and task performance. All groups working under time pressure and low in collective efficacy show an increase in collective anxiety. Chat-internet groups under time pressure show an increase in collective engagement but only when they feel high in collective efficacy. Finally, task performance was poorer in chat groups, working under time pressure, and with low levels of collective efficacy than in the other groups.
Sorption-enhanced gasification (SEG) is a promising indirect gasification route for the production of synthetic fuels since it allows the H2, CO and CO2 content of the resulting syngas to be adjusted. This SEG process has been successfully demonstrated at pilot scale for lignocellulosic biomass and other agricultural and forest waste products, mainly focusing on H2-rich gas production. Within this work, the potential application of the SEG process to a material derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) as feedstock is experimentally demonstrated in a 30 kWth bubbling fluidised-bed (BFB) gasifier. The influence of the sorbent-to-biomass ratio, steam excess and gasification temperature has been carefully analysed in order to understand their effect on SEG performance. Moreover, main conditions able to affect the resulting syngas composition, specifically in terms of H2, CO and CO2 content, have been indicated. Gasification temperature turned out to be the variable that most influenced syngas composition due to the limiting mechanisms associated with the carbonation of the CaO used as bed material. This operating variable also determined biomass conversion, together with solids residence time in the gasifier, resulting in a wide variation of fixed carbon conversion under the studied conditions. Finally, tar yield and composition were evaluated as a function of temperature and the sorbent-to-biomass ratio used, resulting in tar contents as low as 7 g/Nm3 (dry gas), consisting mainly of 1-ring aromatic compounds. ; This work has been supported by the European Commission (FLEDGED project, grant agreement No. 727600); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the State Research Agency and the European Founds for Regional Development (No. RTI2018-095575-B-I00, MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Regional Aragon Government (DGA).
During the last few years, there has been an increase of citizens from central and northern Europe along the Spanish Mediterranean coastline, either as residents or as tourists (who can also be admitted to hospital). Specifically in the Alicante province, a growing number of Scandinavians can be found in the Marina Alta County, and English people in Torrevieja. The chosen group for our study comprises mostly Dutch people. They are retired and mean age is older than 60. For age and health reasons, they tend to make a frequent use of the Spanish health care system (mostly private); that is why it is interesting to find out their opinion on health care professionals in Spain, in order to establish a comparison with other European countries (in this case, their own) within the professional context of the European union. In general, Spanish nurses excelled most of these patients' expectancies. A nursing professional profile could be therefore established as: reliable, empathic and communicative –in spite of the language barrier-; self-confident towards their job and transmitting security to patients accordingly; capable of a quick response, of giving an opinion and problem-solving; respectful with intimacy although somewhat distant when carrying out procedures affecting privacy. ; En los últimos años, en toda la costa mediterránea española, ha habido un aumento muy importante de la población del centro y del norte de Europa tanto como residentes durante todo el año como de no residentes, es decir, turistas o que ocupan un período vacacional (y que también son susceptibles de ingreso hospitalario). En concreto en la provincia de Alicante encontramos grupos numerosos de escandinavos en la comarca de la Marina Alta (sobre todo en Alfaz del Pí) e ingleses en Torrevieja. El grupo que nos ocupa comprende a holandeses en su mayoría. Estos grupos de población suelen estar jubilados y la edad media está por encima de los 60 años. Son pacientes que por razones de edad y salud suelen acudir a menudo al sistema sanitario español ...
The present crisis in health system is something common world wide. This crisis can be well detected when watching waiting lists for surgical care treatments, according to the increasing number of operation processes due to the better present surgical and anesthetic techniques. Also due to the more and more demands from the population. This is a process where finance for certain specific processes emphasizes. The health systems are looking for alternative ways to diminish their waiting lists as well as to decrease costs. For that reason, the European Union opens its borders to easy a possible traffic of patients among different countries to allow users of a certain Union Estate to move to another one. In some occasions a full team of professionals: doctors and nurses could move from their own European Estate to a different one. But of course, this type of transfers do present certain problems. The native country must guarantee that the care the patient will get in another country will be similar to its own. The receiving country faces the challenge of caring patients with a different culture, a different language and as a consequence different ways for considering health where illness and hospitalization differ as well. Clinica Vistahermosa – in Alicante – has been pioneer in that sense, in the whole Spain, and within Europe. CV. has agreements and protocols signed with Portugal, U.K. and Holland. As a matter of fact, it has been receiving patients from the later for several years now. As we have been showing in several studies, there is a new phenomenon we may call "Health Tourism" in Alicante, as patients integrate not only for health techniques but for leisure time as well as they book hotel rooms for post-operative sessions. Present situation, challenges and consequences of this new phenomenon are presented in this study. ; La crisis de los sistemas sanitarios es algo común en todos los países del mundo. Esta crisis se ve especialmente reflejada en las listas de espera para tratamientos de cirugía, en la ...
