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The book studies the origins and evolution of economic textbooks in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, up to the turning point represented by Paul Samuelson's Economics (1948), which became the template for all the textbooks of the postwar period. The case studies included in the book cover a large part of Europe, the British Commonwealth, the United States and Japan. Each chapter examines various types of textbooks, from those aimed at self-education to those addressed to university students, secondary school students, to the short manuals aimed at the popularisation of political eco

AbstractThe split pickup split delivery crude oil tanker routing and scheduling problem is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem, both theoretically and practically. However, because of the large expenses in crude oil shipping it is attractive to make use of optimization that exploits as many degrees of freedom as possible to save transportation cost. We propose a nested column generation algorithm for this particular split pickup split delivery problem which bears several complexities such as a heterogeneous fleet, multiple commodities, many‐to‐many relations for pickup and delivery of each commodity, sequence dependent vehicle capacities, and cargo quantity dependent pickup and delivery times. Our approach builds on a branch‐and‐price algorithm in which the column generation subproblems are solved by branch‐and‐price themselves. We describe our implementation in the branch‐cut‐and‐price framework SCIP and give computational results for realistic test instances. The high quality schedules we obtain for these instances improve on those in previous studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the linkages between the global business cycle and national cycles. We first analyse the evolution of the global business cycle and present its main properties during global recessions and recoveries. We then consider how the sensitivity of national cycles to the global cycle varies over different phases of the global cycle and depends on country‐specific features. Our findings collectively portray an intricate liaison between the global business cycle and national cycles. National business cycles are tightly linked to the global cycle, but the sensitivity of national cycles to the global cycle is much higher during global recessions than expansions. There are significant differences across countries in how they respond to the global cycle as advanced economies appear to be more sensitive to global recessions than are developing economies. Moreover, countries tend to be more sensitive to the global cycle, the more integrated they are to the global economy.